2022年职称英语阅读理解习题(十三)

2022年职称英语阅读理解习题（十三）CigarsInstead

Smokingoneortwocigarsadaydoublestheriskofcancersofthelip,tongue,mouth,andthroat,accordingtoagovernmentstudy.

Dailycigarsalsoincreasetheriskoflungcancerandcanceroftheesophagus,andincreasetheriskofcancerofthelarynx（voice-box）six-fold,sayresearchersattheNationalCancerInstituteinBethesda,Maryland.

Inaddition,thereportrevealedthatsmokingthreeorfourcigarsadayincreasedtheriskoforalcancerto8.5timestheriskfornonsmokersandtheriskofesophagealcancerbyfourtimestheriskofnonsmokers.

Thehealtheffectsofsmokingcigarsisoneofeightsectionsofthearticle“Cigars:HealthEffectsandTrends.”Theresearchersreportthat,comparedwithacigarette,alargecigaremitsupto90timesasmuchcarcinogenictobacco-specificnitrosamines.

“Thisarticleprovidesclearandinvaluableinformationaboutthedisturbingincreaseincigaruseandthesignificantpublichealthconsequencesforthecountry,”saidDr.RichardKlausner,directoroftheNationalCancerInstitute,inastatement.

“Thedataareclear—theharmfulsubstancesandcarcinogensincigarsmoke,likecigarettes,areassociatedwiththeincreasedrisksofseveralkindsofcancersaswellasheartandlungdiseases,”headded.“Inotherwords,cigarsarenotsafealternativestocigarettesandmaybeaddictive.”

“Tothoseindividualswhomaybethinkingaboutsmokingcigars,ouradviceis—don”t.Tothosecurrentlysmokingcigars,quittingistheonlywaytoeliminatecompletelythecancer,heartandlungdiseaserisks,”warnedKlausner.

AccordingtoNationalCancerInstitutepressrelease,therehaven”tbeenanystudiesonthehealtheffectsonnonsmokersatcigarsocialevents,but“...asignificantbodyofevidenceclearlydemonstratesandincreasedlungcancerriskfromsecondhandsmoke.”

1.Accordingtothereport,smokingthreeorfourcigarsaday

A.increasestheriskoforalcancerfornon-smokers.

B.greatlyincreasestheriskoforalcancerforsmokers.

C.increasestheriskofmorethanonecancerfornon-smokers.

D.greatlyincreasestheriskofmorethanonecancerforsmokers.

2.Inthepassagehowmanycancersarementionedinrelationtosmokingcigarsdaily?

A.Six.B.Seven.C.Eight.D.Nine.

3.Whatisthemainideaofthearticle“Cigars:HealthEffectsandTrends”?

A.Whenitcomestocancer,cigarsarenotanysaferthancigarettes.

B.Cigarsmaybeaddictivewhilecigarettesarenoteasilyso.

C.Cigarscontainlessharmfulsubstancesthancigarettes.

D.Increaseincigar-smokingdoesnotaffectpublichealthmuch.

4.Whatisthedoctors”advicetothosecigar-smokers?

A.Togiveitupcompletely

B.Togiveuppartofit.

C.Nottothinkaboutitanymore.

D.Tocurethediseasesfirst.

5.Inthecontextofthispassage,“secondhandsmoke”maymean

A.smokingbad-qualitycigars.

B.smokingverycheapcigars.

C.beingnearcigarsmokerswhentheyarenotsmoking.

D.beingnearcigarsmokerswhentheyaresmoking.

Sleeplessness

Insomniaorsleeplessnessisacommoncomplaintofwomenastheyenterintomenopause.Insomniameanshavingtroublefallingasleeporstayingasleeporthefeelingthatyoursleepwasnotadequateforyou.Forwomenwhoarehavingnightsweats,theirsleepisbrokenbyfrequentawakeningandthereforenotrefreshing.Generallyoncethenightsweatsarecontrolledanormalsleeppatternreturns.Ifitdoesn”titmaybe,orhavebecomechronicinsomnia.Howdoyouknow?Ifyousufferfrominsomniaeverynightormostnightsforaperiodofonemonththenyouhavechronicinsomnia.Ifyou”renothavingnightsweatsthenit”stimetolookforothercausesofsleeplessness.Depressionandanxietydisordersarethemostcommoncausesofchronicinsomnia.Ifyoufeeldepressedyouneedtobecheckedbyaqualifiedhealthcareprovider.Movementdisorderssuchasrestlesslegsyndromearesecondonthelistofinsomniaforthem,therearenewmedicinesthatmayhelp.Othercommoncausesareshiftworking,andpain.

Inupto30%ofpeoplewithchronicinsomnianocausecanbeidentified.Medicaltreatmentofthesepeoplehasgenerallybeenwithsleepingpills.Itisestimatedthat25%oftheadultpopulationinAmericatooksometypeofmedicinesforsleeplastyear.Itisgenerallyagreedthatsleepingpillsshouldonlybeinthelowestdoseandfortheshortestpossibletime.

Sleephygieneisdirectedatchangingbadsleephabits.Therecommendationsare:—Gotobedonlywhensleepy.—Donotwaituptoaspecializedtime.—Avoidcaffeineandalcoholintheevening,etc.

1.Theword“insomnia”means

A.havingtroublefallingasleep.

B.feelingthatsleepisenough.

C.havingnosweatsatnight.

D.havingnormalsleeppattern.

2.Howmanypossiblecausesofsleeplessnessarementionedinthesecondparagraph?

A.Five.B.Six.C.Seven.D.Numerous.

3.Theexpression“Secondonthelist”inthesecondparagraphmeans

A.thesecondleastimportantcauseofallkindsofsleeplessness.

B.thesecondmostimportantcauseofsleeplessness.

C.thesecondonthedoctor”slistaboutsleeplesspeople.

D.thesecondonthewriter”slistrecordingsleeplessness.

4.Concerningtheuseofsleepingpills,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.MostadultAmericansusesleepingpillsforsleep.

B.Doctorsseldomgivesleeplesspeoplesleepingpills.

C.Sleepingpillsshouldbeusedforaveryfixedperiod.

D.Sleepingpillsshouldbeusedinaverysmallamount.

5.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotfitwithsleephygiene?

A.Makearuletogotobedataspecifictimeeveryday.

B.Gotobedwhensleepy,notalwaysatthesametime.

C.Trynottodrinkanycaffeineandalcoholintheevening.

D.Changebadsleephabitsandfollowdoctors”advice.

AttitudestoAIDSNow

MostpeoplesaythattheUSAismakingprogressinfightingAIDS,buttheydon”tknowthere”snocureandstronglydisagreethat“theAIDSepidemicisover,”anewsurveyfinds.

Thefindings,releasedThursdaybytheKaiserFamilyFoundation,reassureactivistswhohaveworriedthatpublicconcernaboutAIDSmightdisappearinlightofrecentnewsaboutadvancesintreatmentanddeclinesindeaths.

“Whilepeopleareveryoptimisticabouttheadvances,they”restillrealisticaboutthefactthatthereisnocure”,saysSophiaChang,directorofHIVprogramsatthefoundation.

TheKaisersurvey,likearecentUSATODAYGallupPoll,doesfindthatthenumberofpeoplerankingAIDSasthecountry”stophealthproblemhasfallen.IntheKaiserpoll,38%sayit”sthetopconcern,downfrom44%ina1996poll,intheGalluppoll,29%sayAIDSisNo.1,downfrom41%in1992and67%in1987.

OtherfindingsfromKaiser,whichpolledmorethan1,200adultsinSeptemberandOctoberandaskedadditionalquestionsofanother1,000adultsinNovember：

52%saythecountryismakingprogressagainstAIDS,upfrom32%in1995.

51%saythegovernmentspendstoolittleonAIDS.

86%correctlysayAIDSdrugscannowlengthenlives;anequalnumbercorrectlysaythatthedrugsarenotcures.

67%incorrectlysaythatAIDSdeathsincreasedorstayedthesameinthepastyear,24%knowdeathsfell.

DanielZingale,directorofAIDSActionCouncil,says，“I”mencouragedthattheAmericanpeoplearegettingthemessagethattheAIDSepidemicisn”tover.Ihopethedecision-makersinWashingtonaregettingthesamemessage...Wehaveseensignsofcomplacency.”

1.Whatdoactivistsworryabout?

A.RecentnewsaboutAIDSisnottrue.

B.PeoplemaystopworryingaboutAIDS.

C.DeathscausedbyAIDSmaynotdecli