2023学年完整公开课版【知识讲解】Unit 11 Vocabulary Learning

VocabularyLearning—appreciate【释义】vt.torecognizethegoodqualitiesofsb/sth;tobegratefulforsththatsbhasdone;tounderstandthatsthistrue欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.toincreaseinvalueoveraperiodoftime增值【例句】Anyonecanappreciateourmusic.任何人都能欣赏我们的音乐。

Iwouldappreciateitifyoupaidincash.假如你支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。Theirinvestmentshaveappreciatedovertheyears.他们的投资这些年来已经增值。【记忆】

ap(=ad,去)

+preciate给出评价→给出（高度）评价→欣赏；重视【同根词】appreciationn.欣赏，鉴别；增值；感谢appreciate/əˈpriːʃieɪt/

VocabularyLearning—assign【释义】v.togivesb.sth.thattheycanuse,orsomeworkorresponsibility分配，分派【例句】Theteacherassignedadifferenttasktoeachofthechildren.老师给每个儿童布置的作业都不相同。【常用搭配】[assignsth.tosb.]WhenItaught,Iwouldassignatopictochildrenthattheywouldwriteabout.教书时，我会给孩子们布置个写作题。【词语辨析】assign,distribute,divideassign指按照某种原则进行的硬性分配，也不一定是很公平的；distribute指把东西分发给所属者或应得者；divide普通用词，侧重将某物分成若干份分配给他人，当某物一分为二时，含平均分配之意。assign/əˈsaɪn/VocabularyLearning—beneficial【释义】adj.improvingasituation;havingahelpfulorusefuleffect有利的；有帮助的；有用的【例句】A

good

diet

is

beneficial

to

health.

良好的饮食有益于健康。Using

computers

has

a

beneficial

effect

on

children’s

learning.

使用计算机对孩子们的学习有益。

It

can

be

beneficial

to

share

your

feelings

with

someone

you

trust.向自己信任的人倾诉感情是很有益处的。【语境活用】Icansayitisofgreat_________toshareyourfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust,whichisalso_________toyourmentalhealth.(benefit)【常用搭配】[bebeneficialto…]Walking

is

extremely

beneficial

to

your

body

shape.

散步对于塑形非常有好处。beneficial/ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/beneficialbenefitVocabularyLearning—cease【释义】v.tostopsth.fromhappeningorexisting（使）停止，终止，结束【例句】Therainhasceased.雨已经停了。Thefactoryhasceasedmakingbicycles.这家工厂已经停止生产自行车了。【常用搭配】[ceaseto]Heceasedtowriteattheageofsixty.他60岁时停止了写作。【词语辨析】pause,stop,cease,quitpause指暂时的、瞬间的停顿，隐含有再进行之意；stop指动作、运行、进展等被停下来，含突然、断然的意味；cease指逐渐、徐徐中止某种状态的存在，书面用词；quit指最终彻底停止某事，有时暗示遭到失败或面临挫折。cease/siːs/VocabularyLearning—complain【释义】v.tosaythatyouareannoyed,unhappyornotsatisfiedaboutsb.orsth.抱怨，埋怨，发牢骚【例句】Thetouristcomplainedthattheroomwastoodirty.游客抱怨说房间太脏了。Sheoftencomplainsthatheisdishonest.她常埋怨说他不诚实。【近义词】grumblev.抱怨【同根词】complaintn.抱怨；complainern.抱怨者【常用搭配】[complainabout]Henevercomplainedaboutworkingovertime.他从来不因加班而抱怨。complain/kəmˈpleɪn/VocabularyLearning—conclude【释义】v.tocometoanend,tobringsomethingtoanend结束，结论【例句】Theeveningconcludedwithdinnerandspeeches.这个夜晚以晚宴和演讲结束。Thecommissionconcludeditsinvestigationlastmonth.委员会在上个月终止了调查。【同根词】conclusionn.结束，结论【词语辨析】conclude,finish,complete这组词都有“结束，完成”的意思，其区别是：conclude正式用词，多指以某事或活动达到预期目的而告终；finish与complete基本同义，着重圆满地结束或完成已着手的事；complete侧重指完成预定的任务或使某事完善，补足缺少的部分等。conclude/kənˈkluːd/VocabularyLearning—desirable【释义】adj.thatyouwouldliketohaveordo;worthhavingordoing理想的；值得拥有的；值得做的【例句】

Itisdesirablethatinterestratesshouldbereduced.利率下调是可取的。

Itisnolongerdesirableforadultchildrentolivewiththeirparents.孩子长大成人后便不再想与父母住在一起了。【同根词】desirev.愿望；欲望【常用搭配】Itisdesirablethat…(should)doItisdesirable

(forsb)(todosth)

希望你了解一些电脑操作。Itisdesirablethat

youshouldhavesomefamiliaritywithcomputers.Itisdesirablefor

youtohavesomefamiliaritywithcomputers.desirable/dɪˈzaɪərəbl/VocabularyLearning—detect【释义】v.todiscoverornoticesth.,especiallysth.thatisnoteasytosee,hear,etc.发现，查明，侦察出【例句】Theydetectednodefectintheproduct.他们没发现产品有任何问题。Idetectedsomeonecheating.我发觉有人在欺骗。【同根词】detectiven.侦探detectionn.侦查，察觉，发现【词语辨析】detect,discoverdetect正式用词，强调经过周密观察或研究而有所获得和发现，尤指发现有意隐藏之物；discover普通用词，指发现本来存在，但尚未被认识的事物、真理或情况。detect/dɪˈtekt/VocabularyLearning—distribute【释义】v.togivethingstoalargenumberofpeople;tosharesthbetweenanumberofpeople分发；分配；分送【例句】Theorganizationdistributedfoodtotheearthquakevictims.这个机构向地震灾民分发了食品。Thenewspaperisdistributedfree.这份报纸免费发送。

Themoneywasdistributedamongschoolsinthearea.这笔款项是在本地区的学校中分配的。【同根词】distributionn.分发；分配【语境活用】Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.The____________(distribute)oftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.It

is

not

permitted

to

sell

or

_____________

(distribute)

copies

of

past

examinationpapers.distribute/dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/distributiondistributeVocabularyLearning—incident【释义】n.somethingthathappens,especiallysthunusualorunpleasant发生的事情（尤指不寻常的或讨厌的）

aseriousorviolentevent,suchasacrime,anaccidentoranattack严重事件；暴力事件【例句】Hisbadbehaviorwasjustanisolatedincident.他的不良行为只是个别事件。Therewasashootingincidentnearherelastnight.昨夜这附近发生了枪击事件。

Thedemonstrationpassedoffwithoutincident.这次示威平静地结束了。【同根词】incidencen.发生范围；影响程度【同义词辨析】incident;accidentincident可指小事件，也可指严重的、重要的或暴力的事件。accident指导致某人受伤或某物受损的事故，也可指并非有意造成的意外事件。incident/ˈɪnsɪdənt/VocabularyLearning—inquire【释义】v.toasksomeoneforinformation询问；打听【例句】IamwritingtoinquireaboutyouradvertisementinTheTimes.我写信询问贵公司在《泰晤士报》上的广告。He

inquired

whether

there

had

been

any

messages

for

him.

他询问是否有留给他的口信。

A

growing

number

of

customers

have

been

inquiring

about

the

pending

pricerises.越来越多的顾客在询问即将出现的涨价问题。【同根词】inquiryn.询问；调查【语境活用】After___________(inquire)thevillageraboutwhathappened,heknewifhehadalittlemorepatiencehewouldhavesucceededearlier.Thefieldof________(inquire)hasnarroweddowntofivepersons.inquire/ɪn'kwaɪə(r)/inquiryinquiringVocabularyLearning—maturity【释义】n.thequalityofthinkingandbehavinginasensible,adultmanner成熟thestateofbeingfullygrownordeveloped成熟；成年【例句】Hehasmaturitybeyondhisyears.他过于老成。The

area’s

wine

industry

still

has

a

way

to

go

to

full

maturity.

这个地区的葡萄酒业还远远没有完全成熟。

Lacking

self-confidence

and

maturity,many

teenagersareleftfeelingvulnerable十几岁的孩子既缺乏自信又不够懂事，所以感情上十分脆弱。【同根词】matureadj.成熟的【表示“品质”的形容词】①elegant高雅的

②mature成熟的③sensible明智的

④shallow肤浅的⑤modest谦虚的

⑥noble高贵的⑦generous慷慨大方的

⑧determined坚毅的maturity/məˈtʃʊərəti/VocabularyLearning—monitor【释义】v.towatchandchecksthoveraperiodoftimeinordertoseehowitdevelops监督；监视；监测n.atelevisionscreenusedtoshowparticularkindsofinformation;ascreenthatshowsinformationfromacomputer显示器；监视器【例句】

Eachstudent’sprogressiscloselymonitored.每一位同学的学习情况都受到密切的关注。The

patient’s

blood

chemistry

was

monitored

regularly.

那名患者的血液化学成分受到了定时的监测。

Thedetailsoftoday’sflightsaredisplayedonthemonitor.今天航班的详细情况都列在显示屏上。【语境活用】monitorIhadathirsttoprovemyselfwhenIwaselected_________.Thecomputerwillthen_________allofthecar’smovements.Theywere__________theupperairtocollectevidence.monitor/ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/monitorTheyweremonitoringtheupperairtocollectevidence

monitormonitoringVocabularyLearning—negotiate【释义】v.totrytoreachanagreementbyformaldiscussion谈判，磋商，协商；toarrangeoragreesthbyformaldiscussion商定，达成（协议）【例句】Thegovernmentwillnotnegotiatewithterrorists.政府不会和恐怖分子谈判。Oppositiongrewandthegovernmentagreedtonegotiate.反对势力日益强烈，政府同意进行谈判。【同根词】negotiationn.谈判，转让negotiableadj.可通过谈判解决的，可协商的【常用搭配】[negotiate(withsb)(for/aboutsth)]We'dbehappytonegotiatewithyouforsuchadeal.我们愿与你方就此事进行谈判。negotiate/nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/VocabularyLearning—permanent【释义】adj.lastingforalongtimeorforalltimeinthefutureandexistingallthetime永久的，永恒的，长久的【例句】Heisoneofourpermanentemployees.他是我们的永久雇员之一。Theaccidenthasnotdoneanypermanentdamage.那场事故没有造成什么永久性损伤。【同根词】permanentlyadv.永久地【词语辨析】permanent,endless,eternal这组词都有“持久的，永久的”的意思，其区别是：permanent指总是处于相同的情况和地位，可长期持续下去，永久不变。endless系日常用词，指无尽无休。eternal语体较庄重，侧重指永远存在，无始无终。permanent/ˈpɜːmənənt/VocabularyLearning—prejudiced【释义】adj.havinganunreasonabledislikeoforpreferenceforsb/sth,especiallybasedontheirrace,religion,sex,etc.有偏见的；有成见的；歧视的【例句】Few

people

will

admit

to

being

racially

prejudiced.

很少有人会承认自己有种族偏见。They

are

prejudiced

against

older

applicants.

他们对年长一些的申请人抱有成见。He

claimed

his

case

would

be

prejudiced

if

it

became

known

he

was

refusing

to

answer

questions.

他声称如果大家都知道他拒绝回答问题，就会对他的案件抱有成见。【同根词】prejudicen.偏见；成见

【语境活用】These

are

utterly

_____________(prejudice)

views.

prejudiced/ˈpredʒudɪst/prejudicedVocabularyLearning—remote【释义】adj.

farfromtownsorotherplaceswherepeoplelive偏僻的，偏远的；ifa

chance

or

possibility

ofsomethinghappeningisremote,itisnotvery

likely

tohappen（机会或可能性）渺茫的，微乎其微的；unfriendly,andnotinterestedinpeople冷淡的，不友善的【例句】The

helicopter

crashed

ina

remote

desertarea.直升机在一个偏远的沙漠地区坠毁。There’saremotechancethatyoucancatchhimbeforeheleaves.你不大可能在他离开前抓住他。Hisfatherwasaremote,quietman.他父亲是个冷淡的人，话不多。【同义词】isolated

adj.偏僻的，偏远的；slightadj.（机会或可能性）渺茫的；distantadj.冷淡的，不友善的remote/rɪˈməʊt/VocabularyLearning—resolution【释义】n.afirmdecisiontodoornottodosth决心；决定theactofsolvingorsettlingaproblem,disagreement,etc.解决【例句】Shemadearesolutiontovisitherrelativesmoreoften.她决定要多走走亲戚。Thegovernmentispressingforanearlyresolutionofthedispute.政府正在不断敦促早日解决这起纠纷。

They

made

a

resolution

to

lose

all

the

weight

gained

during

the

Christmas

period.

他们下定决心要减去圣诞期间增加的体重。【同根词】resolvev.解决；决定【同义词辨析】resolution;decision;resolveresolution指投票后作出的正式决定，也指为做某事下的决心。decision指经过讨论或思考之后作出的选择或判断。resolve指克服感情上的软弱，一定要做成某事的决心。resolution/ˌrezəˈluːʃn/VocabularyLearning—temporary【释义】adj.lastingorintendedtolastorbeusedonlyforashorttime暂时的；短暂的；临时的【例句】

I’mlookingforsometemporarywork.我在找临时工作。Theyhadtomoveintotemporaryaccommodation.他们不得不搬进临时住所。

Morethanhalfthestaffaretemporary.半数以上的职员是临时雇员。【同根词】temporarilyadv.临时地；暂时地【语境活用】Heimmediatelyprovidedsomet_________treatmentusingsomeclothsfromthecupboard.temporar