2022年大学英语六级阅读专项练习题8

2022年大学英语六级阅读专项练习题8Ahundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically“proved”byeconomiststhatthelawsofsocietymadeitnecessarytohaveavastarmyofpoorandjoblesspeopleinordertokeeptheeconomygoing.Today,hardlyanybodywoulddaretovoicethisprinciple.ItisgenerallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbeexcludedfromthewealthWesternindustrializedcountries,asystemofinsurancehasbeenintroducedwhichguaranteeseveryoneaminimumofsubsistence(生活维持费)incaseofunemployment,sicknessandoldage.Iwouldgoonestepfurtherandarguethat,eveniftheseconditionsarenotpresent,everyonehastherighttoreceivethemeanstosubsist(维持生活),inotherwords,hecanclaimthissubsistenceminimumwithouthavingtohaveany“reason”.Iwouldsuggest,however,thatitshouldbelimitedtoadefiniteperiodoftime,let’ssaytwoyears,soastoavoidtheencouragingofanabnormalattitudewhichrefusedanykindofsocialobligation.

Thismaysoundlikeafantasticproposal,butso,Ithink,ourinsurancesystemwouldhavesoundedtopeopleahundredyearsago.Themainobjectiontosuchaschemewouldbethatifeachpersonwereentitledtoreceiveminimumsupport,peoplewouldnotwork.Thisassumptionrestsonthefallacyoftheinherentlazinessinhumannature,actually,asidefromabnormallylazypeople,therewouldbeveryfewwhowouldnotwanttoearnmorethantheminimum,andwhowouldprefertodonothingratherthanwork.

However,thesuspicionsagainstasystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimumarenotgroundless,fromthestandpointofthosewhowanttouseownershipofcapitalforthepurposeofforcingotherstoaccepttheworkconditionstheyoffer.Ifnobodywereforcedtoacceptworkinordernottostarve,workwouldhavetobesufficientlyinterestingandattractivetoinduceonetoacceptit.Freedomofcontractispossibleonlyifbothpartiesarefreetoacceptandrejectit;inthepresentcapitalistsystemthisisnotthecase.

Butsuchasystemwouldnotonlybethebeginningofrealfreedomofcontractbetweenemployersandemployees,itsprincipaladvantagewouldbetheimprovementoffreedomininter-personalrelationshipsineverysphereofdailylife.

26.Peopleusedtothinkthatpovertyandunemploymentweredueto________.

A)theslowdevelopmentoftheeconomy

B)thepoorandjoblesspeople’sownfaults

C)thelackofresponsibilityonthepartofsociety

D)thelargenumberofpeoplewhowerenotwell-educated

27.Nowitiswidelyacceptedthat________.

A)thepresentsystemofsocialinsuranceshouldbeimproved

B)everybodyshouldbegrantedaminimumofsubsistencewithoutany“reason”

C)everybodyhastherighttoshareinthewealthofthecountry

D)peoplehavetochangetheirattitudetowardsthepoor

28.Thewriterarguesthatasystemofsocialinsuranceshould________.

A)providebenefitsforthesick,oldandunemployed

B)encouragepeopletotakeonmoresocialobligations

C)guaranteeeveryonetherighttobeemployed

D)provideeveryonewiththerighttoaminimumsubsistenceforacertainperiod

29.Theword“fallacy”(Para.2.L.6)means________.

A)doubt

B)fact

C)strongargument

D)wrongbelief

30.Accordingtothewriter,asystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimum________.

A)demandstoomuchfroms