2022年职称英语理工B类完形填空考前练习题二

2022职称英语理工B类完形填空考前练习题二AdramaticandsurprisingmagneticeffectoflightdiscoveredbyUniversityofMichigan1researcherscouldleadtosolarpowerwithouttraditionalsemiconductor-basedsolarcells.

Theresearchersfoundawaytomakean“optical1,“saidStephenRand,aprofessorinthedepartmentsofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience,PhysicsandAppliedPhysics.

Lighthaselectricandmagneticcomponents.Untilnow,scientiststhoughtthe2ofthemagneticfieldweresoweakthattheycouldbeignored.WhatRandandhiscolleaguesfoundisthatattherightintensity,whenlightistravelingthroughamaterialthatdoesnotconductelectricity,thelightfieldcangeneratemagneticeffectsthatare100milliontimesstrongerthan3expected.4thesecircumstances,themagneticeffectsdevelopstrengthequivalenttoastrongelectriceffect.

“Thiscouldleadtoanewkindofsolarcellwithoutsemiconductorsandwithoutabsorptiontoproducechargeseparation,“Randsaid.“Insolarcells,the5goesintoamaterial,getsabsorbedandcreatesheat.Here,weexpecttohaveaverylowheatload2.Insteadofthelightbeingabsorbed,energyisstoredinthemagneticmoment3.Intensemagnetizationcanbeinducedbyintenselightandthenitisultimatelycapableofprovidingacapacitivepower6.“Whatmakesthispossibleisapreviouslyundetectedbrandof“opticalrectification4,“saysWilliamFisher,adoctoralstudent5inappliedphysics.Intraditionalopticalrectification,light’selectricfieldcausesachargeseparation,orapulling7ofthepositiveandnegativecharges6inamaterial.Thissetsupavoltage,similarto8inabattery.

RandandFisherfoundthatundertherightcircumstancesandinrighttypesofmaterials,thelight’smagneticfieldcanalsocreateopticalrectification.Thelightmustbeshonethrough7a9thatdoesnot10electricity,suchasglass.Anditmustbefocusedtoanintensityof10millionwattspersquarecentimeter8.Sunlightisn’tthisintenseonitsown,butnewmaterialsarebeingsoughtthatwouldworkatlowerintensities,Fishersaid.

“Inourmostrecentpaper,weshowthatincoherentlight9likesunlightistheoreticallyalmostas.11inproducingchargeseparationaslaserlightis,“Fishersaid.

Thisnew12couldmakesolarpowercheaper,theresearcherssay.Theypredictthatwithimprovedmaterialstheycouldachieve10percentefficiencyin13solarpowertouseableenergy.That’sequivalenttotoday’scommercial-gradesolarcells.

“Tomanufacture14solarcells,youhavetodoextensivesemiconductorprocessing,“Fishersaid.“Allwewouldneedarelensestofocusthelightandafibertoguideit.Glassworksfor15.It’salreadymadeinbulk10,anditdoesn’trequireasmuchprocessing.Transparentceramicsmightbeevenbetter.“

词汇：

opticaladj.光学的

incoherentadj.非相干的

capacitiveadj.电容(量)的

semiconductorn.半导体

rectificationn.改正，修正

ceramicsn.陶瓷

解释：

1.UniversityofMichigan：密歇根大学。建校于1817年，是美国名列前茅的公立大学，拥有优良的师资和顶尖的商学院、法学院、医学院和工学院。

2.heatload：热负荷

3.magneticmoment：磁矩

4.opticalrectification：光学校正

5.doctoralstudent：博士生

6.positiveandnegativecharges：正电荷与负电荷

7.shonethrough：shone是shine的过去式。shinethrough是“(光)通过“。

8.anintensityof10millionwattspersquarecentimeter：每平方厘米一千万瓦特的强度

9.incoherentlight：非相干光

10.It’salreadymadeinbulk：它(指玻璃)已大量生产。inbulk是“大量，成批“。

练习：

1.AmicroscopeBinstrumentCfiberDbattery

2.AmodificationsBeffectsCapplicationsDresults

3.AfrequentlyBprivatelyCpreviouslyDformally

4.AUnderBAtCOnDOver

5.AlightBelectricityCchemicalDmagnetism

6.AplantBequipmentCsourceDline

7.AdownBupCtogetherDapart

8.AthisBthatCthoseDit

9.AmaterialBlensCmeterDdetector

10.AproduceBconveyCuseDconduct

11.AremoteBpoorCeffectiveDrare

12.AprototypeBskillCtechniqueDmiracle

13.AconvertingBobtainingCdeliveringDtransmitting

14.AcompactBmodernCdurableDhandy

15.AothersBsomeCallDboth

答案与题解：

1.D第一段说密歇根大学发觉，光所产生的巨大磁效应有望用于太阳能发电，从而取代传统的半导体太阳能电池。因此此题的正确选项应当是battery。opticalbattery是“光电池“。

opticalmicroscope(光学显微镜)、opticalinstrument(光学仪器)或opticalfiber(光纤)与第一段的意思没有联系。

2.B选择此题的答案的依据还是要回到第一段。第一段第一句的起始词语是“Adramaticandsurprisingmagneticeffectoflight“。本篇文章中心议题是用magneticeffectoflight开发新型的太阳能电池。而以前的科学家认为magneticeffectoflight太微弱，不值得去关注它。因此，此题选effects与上下文的意思很连贯。

3.C本句的意思是：当光通过一种绝缘材料时，光场产生的磁效应比以前想象的要强一亿倍。previously