power made easy八月学习笔记版阅读

Session404.anexplorationofvariousgoodthingsAeuphemismisawordorexpressionthathasbeensubstitutedforanotherthatislikelytooffend—itisbuiltontheGreekprefixeu-,good,therootpheme,voice,andthenounsuffix-ism.(Etymologically,“somethingsaidinagoodvoice!”)Adjective: fromtheprefixeu-:euphony(YOO′-fƏ-nee)—goodsound;pleasantliltorrhythm(phone,Adjective:euphonic(y-FON′-ik)oreuphonious(y-FŌ′-nee-Əs)lilt[lɪlt]eulogy(Y′-lƏ-jee)—etymologically,“goodspeech”;aformalspeechofpraise,usuallydeliveredasafuneraloration.Logosinthistermmeanswordorspeech,asitdidinphilology(Chapter6).Logosmorecommonlymeansscienceorstudy,buthasthealternatemeaningineulogy,philology,monologue,dialogue,epilogue(wordsupontheotherwords,or“after-words”),andprologue(wordsbeforethemainpart,“before-words,”orintroduction). oration：aformalspeechmadein Adjective:eulogistic(y-lƏ-JIS′-tik);verb:eulogize(Y-lƏ-jīz′); deliversaeulogy:eulogist(Y-lƏ-jist)euphoria(y-FAWR′-ee-Ə)—goodfeeling,asenseofmentalbuoyancyandphysicalwell-beingAdjective:euphoric(y-FAWR′-ik)buoyancybɒɪənsɪ]“gooddeath”;methodofpainlessdeath presenttime,butadvocatedbymanypeople.Thewordderivesfromeu-plusGreekthanatos,death.词根eu:❀euphemismjuːfəmɪz(ə)m]❀euphony['juːf(ə)nɪ]pleasingeuphonic❀eulogy['juːlədʒɪ]悼词；颂歌eulogize['juːlədʒaɪz][v]eulogisteuphoria[juː'fɔːrɪə]心情愉快-euthanasiaeuthanasiaexplorationofmodesofexpressionBadinageisahalf-non-malicious,frivolousbanter,intendedtoamuseratherthanwound.Badinagehasaclosesynonym,persiflage(PUR′-sƏ-flahzh′),whichisalittlemorederisive,atriflemoreindicativeofcontemptormockery—butstilltotallyunmalicious.badinage['bædɪnɑːʒ]n./v.打趣persiflage['pɜːsɪflɑːʒ]n.嘲弄式打趣banter frivolous['frɪv(ə)ləs]notseriousinbanter derisivedɪ'raɪsɪv]Inlinewithbadinageandpersiflage,therearefourotherformsofexpression Aclichéisapatternofwordswhichwasoncenewandfresh,butwhichnowissoold,worn,andthreadbarethatonlyb,unimaginativespeakersandwriterseveruseit.Examplesare:fastandfurious;unsungheroes;byleapsandbounds;conspicuousbyitsabsence;greenwithenvy;etc.Themostdevastatingcriticismyoucanmakeofapieceofwritingistosay,“Itisfullofclichés”;themostpointedinsulttoa ’swayoftalkingis,“Youspeakinclichés.”conspicuouspointed：directandobvious,oftenAbromideisanytrite,dull,probablyfallaciousremarkthatshowslittleevidenceoforiginalthinking,andthatthereforeconvincesalistenerofthetotalabsenceofperspicacityonthepartofthespeaker.bromidebromide['brəʊmaɪd]溴化 剂陈词滥调(关于这两种释义之间的关bromide那段解fallaciousfə'leɪʃəs]bymanypeoplebutwrong）fallacy['fæləsɪ]谬见perspicacity[,pə:spi-'kæsiti]洞察力Forinstance,somedull-mindedindividualmightwarnnottotakeachanceinthesewords:“Rememberit’sbettertobesafethanYoursneeringresponsemightbe:“Oh,thatoldbromide!”Atitudeissimilartoaclichéorbromide,inthatitisadull,trite,hackneyed,unimaginativepatternofwords—but,toaddinsulttoinjury(cliché),thespeakerusesitwithanairofnovelty—asifhejustmadeitup,andisn’thethebrilliantfellow! titude titude陈词滥调（然Ananodyne,inthemedicalsense,isadrugthatallayspainwithoutcuringanillness,likeaspirinormorphine.Figuratively,ananodyneisastatementmadetoallaysomeone’sfearsoranxieties,notbelievedbythespeaker,butintendedtobebelievedbythelistener.“Prosperityisjustaroundthecorner”wasapopularanodyneoftheallay[ə'leɪ]=relieve=alleviate缓和，alleyælɪ]anodyneænədaɪn]【近】cushion['kʊʃən]【V缓缓解 影响【N】垫子；缓物Welfareprovidesacushionagainsthardship.福利为困苦提供了一个缓Abromideisalsoadrug,usedasasedative.Sedativesdullthesenses—thestatementlabeledabromidecomesfromaspeakerofdullwitandhasasedativeeffectonthelistener.Theadjectiveisbromidic(brō-MID′-ik),asin“hisbromidicwayofexpressinghimself.”剂（sedentary久坐的 [brəʊ'mɪdɪk平庸参考翻译：bromide昏欲睡的昏欲睡的者做出的就可以bromidetitudederivesfromGreek broadorflat,plusthenounsuffix-tude.Wordsliketeau(flatland),teandtter(flatdishes),andtypus(flatfoot)allderivefromthesamerootastitude,aflatstatement,i.e.,onethatfallsflat,despitethespeaker’shigh titudinous(t′-Ə-T-dƏ-nƏs),asin,“Whatatitudinous词词 t-:titude陈词滥调[,plæti'tju:dinəs] teau teaupl