2022年职称英语卫生类B阅读精选练习2

2022职称英语卫生类B阅读精选练习2SleepLetsBrainFileMemories

Tosleep.Perchancetofile?FindingspublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesfurthersupportthetheorythatthebrainorganizesandstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhiletherestofthebodyiscatchingzzz”s.

GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersUniversity5andhiscolleaguesanalyzedthebrainwavesofsleepingratsandmice.Specifically,theyexaminedtheelectricalactivityemanatingfrom6thesomatosensoryneocortex(anareathatprocessessensoryinformation)andthehippocampus,whichisacenterforlearningandmemory.Thescientistsfoundthatoscillationsinbrainwavesfromthetworegionsappeartobeintertwined.So-calledsleepspindles(burstsofactivityfromtheneocortex)werefollowedtensofmillisecondslaterbybeatsinthehippocampusknownasripples.Theteampositsthatthisinterplaybetweenthetwobrainregionsisakeystepinmemoryconsolidation.Asecondstudy,alsopublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,linksage-associatedmemorydeclinetohighglucoselevels.

Previousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetessufferfromincreasedmemoryproblems.Inthenewwork,AntonioConvitofNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied30peoplewhoseaverageagewas69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevels,whichtendtoincreasewithage,affectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.Thescientistsadministered11recalltests,brainscansandglucosetolerancetests,whichmeasurehowquicklysugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody”stissues.Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollection,theteamdiscovered,alsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.Inaddition,theirbrainscansshowedmorehippocampusshrinkagethanthoseofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorbbloodsugar.

“Ourstudysuggeststhatthisimpairment12maycontributetothememorydeficits13thatoccuraspeopleage.“Convitsays.“Anditraisestheintriguingpossibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecouldreversesomeage-associatedproblemsincognition.14“Exerciseandweightcontrolcanhelpkeepglucoselevelsincheck15,sotheremaybeonemorereasontogotothegym.

词汇：

perchanceadv.偶然；可能

onlinen.在线的

stowvt.贮藏，堆装

emanatevi.发源

somatosensoryadj.体觉的

neocortexn.新（大脑）皮质

oscillationn.振荡

intertwinev.缠绕

spindlen.纺锤体

ripplen.波动，脉动

diabetesn.糖尿病

recollectionn.回忆

shrinkagen.收缩

impairmentn.损伤

intriguen.引起。。。兴趣（或奇怪心）

cognitionn.熟悉

解释：

1.filememories：归档并储存记忆。file：意为“toputorkeep(papers,etc.)inusefulorderforstorageorreference“（把…归档）。

2.Tosleep.Perchancetofile?：从莎士比亚笔下哈姆雷特的独白中的名句“Tosleep:perchancetodream.“改编而来。

3.theProceedings:(科学文献、会议文献)汇编，常用复数形式。

4.zzz：（拟声词）打鼾声

5.RutgersUniversity：美国新泽西州立大学(theStateUniversityofNewJersey)。

6.emanatingfrom：发源于。

7.neocortex：新(大脑)皮质，尤指大的高等哺乳动物大脑中新生长的局部，也叫做neopallium。neo-：前縀，意思是“新的“。

8.thehippocampus：大脑侧面脑室壁上的隆起物，也称“海马状突起“，在泛记过程中起主要作用。

9.tensofmilliseconds：几十毫秒

10.age-associatedmemorydecline：与年龄相关的记忆衰退

11.administer：实施

12.thisimpairment：指上句中hippocampusshrinkage.

13.memorydeficits：记忆衰退

14.…theintriguingpossibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecouldreversesomeage-associatedproblemsincognition：令人兴奋的可能性，即不断改善葡萄糖容许量可以完全转变对某些与年龄相关的认知问题。

15.keepglucoselevelsincheck：限制葡萄糖水平。incheck：在掌握中，被阻挡。

练习：

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnearestinmeaningtothesentence“Tosleep.Perchancetofile?“?ADoesbrainarrangememoriesinusefulorderduringsleep?

BDoesbrainhavememorieswhenoneissleeping?

CDoesbrainrememberfilesafteronefallsasleep?

DDoesbrainworkonfilesinsleep?

2.WhatistheresultoftheexperimentwithratsandmicecarriedoutatRutgersUniversity?

ATheelectricalactivityisemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortex.

BOscillationsinbrainwavesarefromhippocampus.

CSomatosensoryneocortexandhippocampusworktogetherinmemoryconsolidation.

DSomatosensoryneocortexplaysitprimaryroleinmemoryconsolidation.

3.Whatistherelationofmemorytoglucosetolerance,asisindicatedbyaresearchmentionedinparagraph4?

APeoplewithpoormemoryhavehighglucosetolerance.

BPeoplewithgoodmemoryhavelowglucosetolerance.

CMemorylevelhasnothingtodowithglucosetolerance.

DThepoorerthememory,thepoorerglucosetolerance.

4.Inwhatwayismemoryrelatedtohippocampusshrinkage?

AThereisnorelationbetweenmemoryandhippocampusshrinkage.

BThemorehippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone”smemory.

CThemorehippocampusshrinks,thebetterone”smemory.

DThelesshippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone”smemory.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatistheultimatereasonforgoingtothegym?

ATopreventhippocampusshrinkage.

BTocontrolweight.

CToexercise.

DTocontrolglucoselevels.

答案与解释:

1.A文章第一段告知我们，科学新发觉进一步支持了一种理论，即，当人体进入睡眠状态时，大脑对在白天形成的记忆进展组织和储存。Tosleep.Perchancetofile?见解释1和解释