Unit4Problemsandadvice-句子成分与基本句型

Module2IdeasandviewpointsUnit4Problemsandadvice句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语。Grammar一、主语主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于______

。1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playing

footballafterschoolisgreatfun.句首1.WeloveChina.2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3.HecanspeakEnglish.4.Sheseemstired.二、谓语谓语：说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由______充当。动词常分为实义动词，连系动词，情态动词和助动词。动词△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语，必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词Heisateacher.2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stayHealwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。系动词3）表像系动词，用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysad.4）感官系动词，主要有feel,smell,sound,tasteThisflowersmellsverysweet.

5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHebecamemadafterthat.6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnoutTherumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.他的计划终于成功了。三、宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_________或_______后面。1.Westudy

English.

2.Ourteacher

said

thathewouldgothere.3.Heislookingatthedog.△双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。

Hegavemetwobooks.及物动词介词表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句，用来说明主语的身份，特征，状态。Thetreesturngreen.Theflowerisbeautiful.四、表语定语：用来修饰_____。Thisisaredcar.Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.Thewomandoctorismywife.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.五、定语名词状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。六、状语Johnoftencametochatwithme．()Ashewasill,

hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.()Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.()Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago.()Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.()Hecamerunning.()程度，目的地点，伴随地点，时间让步方式原因补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。七、补语EveryonecallshimJack.

（宾补）HeiscalledJack.（主补）同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.八、同位语一、主语主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Thesunrisesintheeast.（）2.Helikesdancing.（）3.Twowillbeenough.()4.Seeingisbelieving.（）6.Toseeistobelieve.（）7.Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.()8.Whatheneedsisabook.（）9.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（）名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。什么情况下用it作形式主语？

你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗？1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()

2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.()

3)Itisuncertainwhowillcome.()说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。二、宾语宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Shelivedahappylife.()2.Iloveyou.()3.Weneedtwo.()4.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?()5.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.()6.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.()7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?()8.Shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem.()名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语二、表语表语可以用下面这些东西表示：

Heisateacher.()Myideaisthis.()Shewasthefirsttoarrive.()Ifeelmuchbettertoday./Imustbeoffnow.()Heisoutofdanger.()Thenewswasexciting./Theywereexcitedatthenews.()WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeChinesesowell.()名词代词数词从句形容词/副词介词短语分词三、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示：It’saredcar.()Theyliveintheroomabove.()Mybrotherisateacher.()Webelongtothethirdworld.()Lucy’sfatherisapoorworker.()Mothermadeabirthdaycakeforme.()Themanunderthetreeismyteacher.()Theswimmingboyis

mybrother./Theboyswimmingintheriverismybrother.()形容词副词代词数词名词所有格名词介词短语现在分词三、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示：Ilikedthefoodcookedbymymother./Retiredpeoplehaveagoodtimeathome.()Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.（）Willyoutellusaboutyourteachingplan?（）ThisistheverybookthatIneed.

（）过去分词不定式动名词从句四、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示：Heisoftenlateforclass.()Wesawthatpictureatthecinema.()Hesattheresmoking.()Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.（）Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.

（）Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.()TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tliftit.()副词，程度介词短语，地点分词，伴随不定式，目的形容词，状态让步状语从句结果状语从句四、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示：Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.（）Hewasangrybecausewewerelate．(）Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoout.()时间状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句五、宾语补足语：IconsiderJimagoodfriend.()Ialwaysfindherhappy.()Peoplepraisedhimasahero.()IhadtheTVfixed.()Isawhimenteringthebuilding.()Whatmadeyouthinkso?()Doyouwantmetogo?()形容词名词介词短语过去分词现在分词省略掉to的不定式不定式英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)

简单句的五种基本句型

英语五种基本句型列式如下：

基本句型一：

Ｓ

Ｖ

（主＋谓）

基本句型二：

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｐ

（主＋系＋表）

基本句型三：

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｏ

（主＋谓＋宾）

基本句型四：

Ｓ

Ｖ

ｏ

Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

基本句型五：

Ｓ

Ｖ

Ｏ

Ｃ

（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一主谓（S+V）S+VShecooks.Heisworking.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.SVShecooks.Heisworking.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.基本句型二主系表S+V+PHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.S VPHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.Hisfacet