初中英语阅读理解之推理判断题

2021/5/91在冬天的夜晚，天气冷得让人不想出门。见习警员走在大街上，突然听到远处一女子大叫：“有人打劫啊！”。见习警员刚一回身，就见一个黑影朝着远处逃离，他立刻追了上去。但是这贼跑得飞快，追了八条街之后没影了。最后，见习警员在附近的一个商店店铺前看到有四个人：A：正在闲暇百无聊赖地抽烟B：正在聚精会神地看报纸C：正在手机通话中D：正在狼吞虎咽的吃拉面根据调查，犯人就在这四人当中。2021/5/92初中阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧授课老师：黄文婷2021/5/93什么是推理判断题？1推理判断题的分类？2推理判断题解题技巧3内容大纲2021/5/94推理判断题的定义透过文章表面信息推测文章隐含意思；对作者的态度意图及文章细节的发展做出正确的推理判断；从作者的角度去考虑，不可脱离原文仅凭个人的主观看法而主观臆断。2021/5/95推理判断题分类推断作者观点或态度推断文章出处推断隐含意义2021/5/96推断隐含意义Part12021/5/97什么是隐含意义T:Doyouthinkthisclassisinteresting?S:Iwanttogohome.Q:Whatdoesthestudentreallymean?**根据文章事实进行逻辑推理，透过字面意义理解作者的言外之意。2021/5/98设问方式：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat____.Whenthewritertalksabout...,whatthewriterreallymeansis____.Thewritersuggeststhat____.Thestoryimpliesthat____.Wecaninfer/concludefromthepassagethat____.2021/5/99如何推断隐含意义？寻找相关信息点研读其字面意义结合语境进行推断理解作者的言外之意2021/5/910技巧点拨1.判断有据，推断有理，忠于原文2.全面分析：不可断章取义3.善于揣摩作者思路2021/5/911排除干扰项1.原文信息的简单重复4.符合常识，但文章中没有信息支持3.与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论2.推理过度的片面结论2021/5/912"Whohasmorequestions,ateacherorastudent?"Aboutthisquestionagreatlearnedmantoldhisstudentthatnobodydoesbutateacher.Thestudentgotpuzzled.Withasmile,theteacherdrewtwocircles（圆）.Within（在……里面）thelargeroneismyknowledgeofthings,andwithinthesmalleroneisyours.Outofthecirclesisstillunknowntobothofus.Sincemineislarger,asyoucansee,thelinethatmarksoutthecircleislonger.Thatmakesitclearthatwhohasmorechances（机会）tofacesomethingstillunknown.Attheendofthestory,thegreatlearnedmanconcluded（推断）that________.A.astudentshouldlearnfromhisteacherB.ateacherdoesnothavesomanyquestionsashisstudentC.astudentknowsmorethanhisteacherD.ateacherhasmorechancestofacewhathedoesn'tknow2021/5/913Therehaveneverbeenmanyadventurers.Youcanreadstoriesaboutmencalledadventurers.Buttheywerereallybusinessmen.Therewassomethingtheywanted-----alady,ormoney,oracountry,orhonor.Andsotheygotit.Butatrueadventurerisdifferent.Hestartswithoutanyspecialpurpose.Heisreadyforanythinghemaymeet.Therehavebeenmanyhalf-adventurers.Andtheyweregreatmen.Historyisrichwiththeirstories.Buteachofthemhadaspecialpurpose.Theywerenotfollowersoftrueadventurers.InthebigcityofNewYork,RomanceandAdventurearealwayswaiting.Aswewalkalongthestreet,theyarewatchingus.Welookupsuddenlyandseeafaceinawindow.Thefaceseemstointerestusstrangely.Orinaquietstreet,wehearacryoffearandpaincomingfromahousewherenoonelives.Acartakesustoastrangedoor,insteadoftoourown.Thedoor2021/5/914opensandweareaskedtoenter.Ateverycorner,eyeslooktowardus,orhandsareraised,orfingerspoint.Adventureisoffered.Butfewofusarereadytoaccept.Wearereadytodoonlythethingswedoeveryday.Wewishtodoonlythethingsthateveryoneelsedoes.Wemoveon;andsomedaywecometotheendofalongquietlife.Thenwebegintothink.Then,whenitistoolate,wearesorrythatwehaveneverknowntrueRomanceandAdventure.Inwhatwaydoestheauthorsayatrueadventureisdifferentfromabusinessman?A.Heisreadyforanythinghemaymeet.B.Heisnotinterestedinmoney.C.Heenjoysexcitementwhileabusinessmandoesnot.D.Atrueadventureisromantic,whileabusinessmanisdull.2021/5/915推断人物性格观点或态度Part22021/5/916人物的观点和态度objective

客观的neutral中立的subjective主观的positive积极的negative消极的approval

赞成的disapproval不赞成的critical批评的.......2021/5/917设问方式：Thewriter'sattitudetowards...is____.Thewriterthoughtthat____.Accordingtotheauthor,____.......2021/5/918技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子2021/5/919MrsSmithtreatedherlittledogquite____.A.cruellyB.fairlyC.kindlyD.unfriendly ItwasMondy.MrsSmith’sdogwashungry,buttherewasnotanymeatinthehouse.Consideringthattherewasnobetterway.MrsSmithtookapieceofpaper,andwrotethefollowingwordsonit:“Givemydoghalfapoundofmeat.”Thenshegavethepapertoherdogandsaidgently:“Takethistothebutcher(personwhosejobissellingmeat),andhe’sgoingtogiveyouyourlunchtoday.”……2021/5/920Ifsomeoneasksme:“Doyoulikemusic?”I'msureIwillanswerhimorher:“Ofcourse,Ido.”becauseIthinkmusicisanimportantpartofourlives.Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutmusic.Forme,Ilikerockmusicbecauseit'ssoexciting.Andmyfavoriterockband,the“FoxyLadies”（酷妹）isoneofthemostfamousrockbandsintheworld.Ialsolikepopmusic.MyclassmateLiLanlovesdancemusic,becausesheenjoysdancing.Mybestfriend,Jane,likesjazzmusic（爵士乐）.Shethinksjazzisreallycool.“Ilikedancemusicandrockverymuch.”saysmybrother,“becausetheyareamazing.”Butmymotherthinksrockisboring.“Ilikesomerelaxing（轻松的）music,”shesays.That'swhyshelikescountrymusic,Ithink.Thewriter"smotherthinksthatcountrymusicis_______.A.amazingB.boringC.relaxingD.disappointing2021/5/921“Iwouldalmostratherseeyoudead.”BobertS.Cassatt,aleadingbankerofPhiladelphia,shoutedwhenhistwenty-year-oldeldestdaughterannouncedthatshewantedtobecomeanartist.Inthe19thcentury,playingatdrawingorpaintingondisheswasallrightforayounglady,butseriousworkinartwasnot.Andwhentheyounglady’sfamilyrackedamong(挤身于)thebestofPhiladelphia’ssocial(社会各界的)families,suchanideacouldnotevenbeconsidered.ThatwashowMaryCassatt,born1844,beganherstruggleasanartist.Shedidnottremble(颤抖)beforeherfather’sanger,sheopposed(反对)himwithcourageandatlastmadehimchangehismind.MaryCassattgaveuphersocialpositionandallthoughtsofathousandandafamily,whichinthosetimeswasunthinkableforayounglady.Intheend,afterlongyearsofhardworkandperseverance(坚持),shebecameAmerica’smostimportantwomanartistandtheinternationally(国际上的)recognizedleadingwomanpainterofthetime.WhatdoweknowaboutRobertCassatt’scharacterfromthetext?A.Hewasacruelman.B.Hewasastubborn(固执的)man.B.Heknewnothingaboutart.D.Heknewlittleabouthisdaughter.2021/5/922Wearealreadyfamiliarwithcomputers—computersworkforusathome,inofficesandinfactories.Butitisalsotruethatmanychildrentodayareusingcomputersatschoolsbeforetheycanwrite.Whatdoesthismeanforthefuture?Arethesechildrenluckyornot?Manypeoplewhodonotknowaboutcomputersthinkofthemasmachinesthatchildrenplaywith.Theyworrythatchildrendonotlearnfromexperiencebutjustfrompressingabuttonandthatthisisnotgoodforthem.Theythinkthatchildrenaregrowingnotknowingabouttherealworld.Butpeoplewhounderstandmoreaboutcomputerssaythatcomputerscanbeverygoodforchildren.Acomputercanhelpthemtolearnabouttherealworldmorequickly,tolearnwhattheywanttolearnandthinkforthemselves.Andforthefuture,don’tweneedpeoplewhocanthinkclearly,whoknowhowtogetinformationquicklyanduseitwell?Whatdoyouthink?Doesthewriterthinkcomputerisagoodthing?A.Itisn’tmentioned.B.No,hedoesn’tthinkso.C.Hedoesn’tknow.D.Yes,hedoes.2021/5/923Onedayamansawanoldladystandingbyherexpensivecar,clearlyinneedofhelp.Sohestoppedhisoldtruckandgotout.Althoughhewassmiling,theoldladywasworried.Washegoingtohurther?Hedidn’tlooksafe.Themancouldseethatshewasfrightened,soinhisfriendliestvoicehesaid,“I’mheretohelpyou,madam.Whydon’tyouwaitinthecarwhereit’swarm?Bytheway,mynameisBryanAnderson.”Bryanquicklyfixedthecarandtheladythankedhim.Thensheaskedhowmuchsheshouldpayhim.ButBryanwantednomoney.Hewasjustgivingahandtosomeoneintrouble.Thiswasnormalforhim.Hesaid,“Ifyoureallywanttorepayme,nexttimeyouseesomeoneinneed,helpthemandthinkofme.”Aftersayinggoodbye,theladycontinueddowntheroaduntilshereachedasmallcaféwhereshedecidedtostopforsomethingtoeat.Astheprettywaitresstookherorder,

2021/5/924theladynoticedshewasnearlyeightmonthspregnant(怀孕).Althoughthewaitresslookedtiredshewasverykind.Astheladywasgoingtopaythe$10bill,sherememberedBryan’swords.Shepaidwithahundred-dollarbill.Butwhenthewaitressreturnedwiththechangetheladywasgone.Onthetableshesawasmallnote.Thereweretearsinhereyeswhenshereadit:“SomebodyoncehelpedmethewayI’mhelpingyou.Ifyouwanttopaymeback,continuebeingkindtoothers.”Underthenotewereninemore$100bills.Wastheoldladyanangel?Thewaitresswassoexcitedthatshecalledherhusbandtotellhimthenews.“Bryan…BryanAndersonmydear…you’renotgoingtobelievewhatjusthappened…”Whatcanwelearnabouttheoldladyfromthestory?A.Shewasneverkindtoothers.B.Shewasusuallyquitecareless.C.Shewasprobablyveryrich.D.Shewasnotaverygooddriver.2021/5/925Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities.Ofcourse,therehavealwaysbeenpeoplewhohavelookedforadventures----thosewhohaveclimbedthehighestmountains,traveledintounknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinsmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans.Now,however,therearepeoplewholookforanimmediateexcitementfromariskyactivitywhichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds.Iwouldconsiderbungeejumpingtobeagoodexampleofsuchanactivity.Youjumpfromahighplace(perhapsabridgeorahot-airballoon)200metresabovethegroundwithanelastic(有弹性的)ropetiedtoyourankles.Youfallatupto150kilometresanhouruntiltheropestopsyoufromhittingtheground.Itissaidthatabout2millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavenowtriedbungeejumping.Otheractivitieswhichmostpeoplewouldsayareasriskyasbungeejumpingincludejumpingfromtallbuildinganddivingintotheseafromthetopofhighcliff(悬崖).2021/5/926Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?Somepsychologistssuggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,diseasescouldnoteasilybecured,andlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival.(生存).Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.Thewriterofthetexthasa____attitudetowardsdangeroussports.A.Positive(肯定的)B.negative(否定的)C.neutral(中立的)D.nervous(紧张的)2021/5/927推断文章出处Part32021/5/928设问方式：Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom____.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear____?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof,____.2021/5/929技巧点拨a.报纸：日期、地点或通讯社名称从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：a.报纸

b.广告

c.产品说明……b.广告：物品价格，广告词等c.产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的使用说明会告知服用的时间、次数、药量2021/5/930Asubwayisnotjustanimportantformoftransport.Itisalsoawindowforotherpeopletolearnaboutlocalculture.Beijing,ChinaTheBeijingSubwaywasopenedin1969andistheoldestsubwaysysteminChina.Ithasaddedsomemodernt