人教版英语Go For It中考语法专项复习动词

动词人教版英语GoForIt中考语法专项复习同学们，你们知道实词、虚词都有哪些吗？虚词：英语中无实在意义，在句子中不能独立承担句子成分的词实词：能单独充当句子成分，有实际意义和语法意义的词erj.conj.prep.课程引入今天让我们来复习：动词，重新探索动词的奥秘！课程引入听下面视频中的歌曲，注意歌词，回答后面的问题。课程引入NevergonnagiveyouupNevergonnaletyoudownNevergonnarunaroundanddesertyouNevergonnamakeyoucryNevergonnasaygoodbyeNevergonnatellalieandhurtyou——RickAstley《NeverGonnaGiveYouUp》giveup放弃letsb.down让某人失望runaround东奔西走desertsb.抛弃某人makesb.dosth.让某人做某事tellalie(telllies)撒谎hurtsb.伤害某人动词短语刚刚的视频播放了一首歌曲，其中有下面几句歌词：一动词的定义和分类动词（verb，缩写v.），是词类的一种，属于实词。动词是用来表示人或事物的动作或状态的词语。在句中多作谓语，说明主语“是什么”或“做什么”，是句子不可缺少的成分。它有人称、数、时态、语态和语气的变化。①延续性动词表示一种可持续的行为过程或状态，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，如“for＋一段时间”、“since＋从句”、“since＋表示时间点的名词”、howlong等。②非延续性动词非延续性动词表示动作或过程是短暂瞬间完成的。e.g.arrivediebreakcomeleavestartopenetc.③非延续性动词如果用来表示行为的结果则需用完成时态，但是在肯定句中不可与since，for等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用动词有人称、数、时态、语态和语气的变化，看下面的实例。Wearestudentswhostudyinthisschool.

我们是在这个学校学习的学生。TomlikestosingEnglishsongs.汤姆喜欢唱英文歌。TheyelectedNancymonitor.

他们选南希当班长。Bytheendofthemonthhewillhavebeenlivingherefortenyears．到了月底他在这里居住/工作/学习就满十年了。Theforeignguestsweregivenawarmwelcomebythechildren.孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。动词人称的变化（第一人称）动词时态的变化（一般过去时）动词数的变化（单数）IwishIwereabird.

我希望我是一只鸟。动词时态的变化（将来完成时）动词语态、语气的变化（主动语态、陈述语气）动词语态的变化（主动语态）动词语气的变化（虚拟语气）二实义动词、系动词助动词和情态动词1.实义动词实义动词是指具有完整意义、可以单独作谓语的动词，主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。实义动词主要包括及物动词和不及物动词两类。及物动词vt.①主语+谓语动词+宾语②主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语③主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语间接宾语后面跟人，直接宾语后面跟物：直物间人不及物动词vi.主语+谓语动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词单宾语复合宾语双宾语及物动词vt.①主语+谓语动词+宾语②主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语accept接受cover遮盖；覆盖change改变enjoy享受；喜欢finish完成forget忘记e.g.Hehastochangehisplan.他不得不改变他的计划。get去取（或带来）keep保持；保留find发现leave使留下think认为force逼迫make使成为hear听到，听见e.g.Ithinkagoodfriendmakesmelaugh.我认为一个好朋友能让我笑。Weconsiderhimanhonestboy.我们认为他是一个诚实的男孩。Iforcemyselftoworkthisterm.我逼迫自己这学期努力学习。③主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语=主语+谓语动词+直接宾语+prep.+间接宾语加介词toe.g.

PleasegiveMariathisletter.=PleasegivethislettertoMaria.请把这封信给玛丽亚。

Shepassedhimthesalt.=Shepassedthesalttohim.她把盐递给了他。give提供；给sell出售；卖lend借给；借出pass给；递offer主动提出promise承诺show展示teach教；讲授tell告诉；讲述加介词fore.g.

Didshebuyherbestfriend

anything？=Didshebuyanythingforherbestfriend？她给她最好的朋友买东西了吗？buy购买；买cook烹饪；煮choose选择prepare使做好准备keep保持；保留既可加to也可加fore.g.Thelittleboyreadtheletterto／forhisgranny.那个小男孩给他奶奶读了那封信。bring带来;

sing唱歌;

read读;

get取得下面几种情况，通常要用介词to或for引起的短语：1.当直接宾语是人称代词（it/them），间接宾语是名词时：或两个宾语都是人称代词时。e.g.ThewatchisLiLei's.Pleasegiveittohim.这块手表是李雷的。请把它给他。2.当强调间接宾语时。e.g.Mothercooksbreakfastforuseveryday.母亲每天都为我们做早饭。3.当间接宾语比直接宾语长时。e.g.Onthebus,heoftengiveshisseattoanoldperson.在公共汽车上，他经常把座位让给老人。不及物动词vi.（没有被动语态）appear出现arrive到达come来go去run跑walk走happen发生rise升起；站起sit坐下e.g.Whentheprintingprocessappeared,itchangedtheworld.当印刷术出现的时候，它改变了世界。Elizabethspokeatthemeetingyesterdayevening.伊丽莎白在昨晚的会上发了言。主语+谓语动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。open打开close关闭start开始；着手drive迫使play玩win赢得；获胜e.g.Pleaseopenthewindow.请打开窗户。（及物动词）Theshopopensatnine.这家商店9点开始营业。（不及物动词）2.系动词（虚词）系动词也称连系动词（Linkingverb），是用来辅助主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。（系+表=谓，故系表结构后面跟的从句是宾语从句，而不是其他从句。e.g.Iamhappythatyoucancome.）①表状态：be(amisarewaswere)②表持续：keepremainstaystandliee.g.Sheisateacher.

她是一名老师。Myfriendsareatwork.

我的朋友们在工作。e.g.Weremainfriends.我们仍然是朋友。Weshouldkeepquiet.我们应该保持安静。④表变化：becomegetgogrowturn③表感官：lookfeelsmelltastesounde.g.Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布摸起来很软。Thisflowersmellsverysweet.这朵花闻起来很香。e.g.Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后，他疯了。Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.她没多长时间就富了。⑤表终止：prove,turnout,表达"证实"，"变成"之意⑥表表象：seem,appear,look，看起来像3.助动词（虚词）协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词（AuxiliaryVerb，auxv.）,助动词用来构成时态和语态。助动词具有语法意义，但除情态助动词外没有词汇意义，不可单独作谓语，在句中与实义动词构成谓语。①bebe在句中有人称、数和时态的变化，主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。e.g.Shewaslisteningtomusicwhileshewaswalking.她边走路边听歌。（过去进行时）②dodo主要帮助实义动词构成否定句、疑问句，主要变化形式有does，did，done。有时，可以放在实义动词前起强调作用。e.g.Hedoesn'ttreatothersnicely.他对其他人不好。Didyougoshoppingyesterday?你昨天去购物了吗？③havehave在句中有人称、数和时态的变化，主要是与过去分词一起构成各种完成时态或完成进行时态。注意：在否定的简略答语中，只能用助动词的缩略否定式（haven’t,hasn’t,hadn’t）e.g.StarlightTownhaschangedalotovertheyears.在过去的几年里，StarlightTown已经改变了很多。Hethoughtthatshehadbeenwatchinghimwhenhehadpassed．他以为他经过时她一直在看着他。④will/shall(过：would/should)助动词will和shall用于构成一般将来时，would和should用于构成过去将来时。e.g.Hewillgotoschooltomorrow.

他明天将会去学校。Theywantedtoknowhowtheywouldfinishthehomeworkearlier.他们想知道怎样才能早一点儿完成家庭作业。4.情态动词（虚词）情态动词（Modalverb，modalv.），本身有一定的词义，表示语气的单词。但是情态动词不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情感。情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化。can/could;may/might;must(一般疑问句否定回答：No,youneedn’t/youdon’thaveto；mustn’t表示禁止);need(可作实义动词);oughtto;dare/dared(可作实义动词);will/would,shall/should(可作助动词)musthavedonesth.一定做过某事can/couldhavedonesth.本来能够做某事，而实际上未做can't/couldn'thavedonesth.不可能做过某事oughtto/shouldhavedonesth.过去本应该做某事而实际上并没有做三动词的形式英语中的动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、一般现在时的第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。例如：动词原形三单过去式过去分词现在分词dodoesdiddonedoinggodoeswentgonegoingswimswimsswamswumswimmingstudystudiesstudiedstudiedstudinglearnlearnslearned/tlearned/tlearningsmilesmilessmiledsmiledsmilingseparateseparatesseparatedseparatedseparating1.一般现在时的第三人称单数形式（三单）①一般情况下，直接在动词后加“s”。例如:like–likesread–readsstop–stopsplay–plays②以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加“es”。例如:fly–fliesstudy–studiescarry–carriesworry–worries③以“o、s、x、ch、sh”结尾的动词，在其后加“es”。例如:teach–teacheswash–washeswatch–watchesrelax-relaxesbrush–brushesdo–doesgo–goeskiss-kisses④不规则变化例如:have–has2.过去式（pt.）①一般情况下，直接在动词后加“ed”。例如:talk–talkedask–asked

play–playedclean–cleaned

watch–watchedask–asked

work–workedwant–wanted②以不发音的e结尾的动词，直接在词尾加“d”。例如:dance–dancedlike–liked

move–movedlive–lived

taste–tastedlove–lovedhope–hopeduse–used③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加“ed”。例如:study–studiedcarry–carried

hurry–hurriedcry–cried

marry–marriedcopy–copied

worry–worriedtry–tried④“辅元辅”结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写最后的辅音字母再加“ed”。例如:stop–stoppedplan–planned

trip–tripped⑤不规则变化如：am&is–wasare–were

do–didgo–went

see–sawsay–said

give–gaveget–got

come–camehave–had

eat–atetake–took

run–ransing–sang

put–putmake–made

read–readwrite–wrote

draw–drew

drink–drank

fly–flewride–rode

speak–spokeswim–swam

sit–satsweep–swept

know–knewgrow–grew

think–thoughtteach–taught

buy–boughtbring–brought

catch–caughtdrive–drove

forget–forgottell–told

understand–understoodstand–stoodcan–couldwill–would

build–built

leave–left

meet–metmean–meant

learn–learned/learnt①一般情况下，直接在动词后加“ing”。例如:go–goingdo–doingplay–playingclimb–climbinglisten–listeningwatch–watchingspeak–speakingsleep–sleeping②以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加“ing”。例如:write–writingride–ridinglike–likingskate–skatingmake–makingcome–comingsmile–smilingtake–taking③“辅元辅”结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后的辅音字母再加“ing”。例如:swim–swimmingsit–sittingrun–runningput–puttingshop–shoppingskip–skippingget–gettingcut–cutting④以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加“ing”。例如:tie–tying(系，打结)lie–lying(撒谎，躺)die–dying(adj.奄奄一息的)3.现在分词（-ing形式）①大多数动词直接在其后加“ed”。例如:finish–finishedlook–looked②以不发音的“e”结尾的单词之后加“ed”。例如:change–changedlive–lived③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加“ed”。例如:carry–carriedstudy–studied④“辅元辅”结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后的一个辅音字母，再加“ed”。例如:stop–stoppeddrop–dropped⑤不规则变化come–comehurt–hurthold–heldwin–wonlend–lentbuild–builtcatch–caughtkeep–keptforget–forgottentell–toldbe–beenhave–hadfall–fallenfly–flowndraw–drawnsee–seen4.过去分词（pp./ppt.）四动词短语①有的“动词＋副词”结构相当于不及物动词，不带宾语e.g.Ifyounevergiveupwhenintrouble,youshouldbeproudofyourself.如果你在遇到麻烦时从不放弃，你应该为自己感到骄傲。1.动副词短语e.g.breakout爆发breakup分解comeup出现fallbehind落后getalong进展getup起来giveoff散发growup长大takedown守，记下passaway去世runout用光startoff出发watchout当心goback回去goahead开始干②有的“动词＋副词”结构可跟宾语。宾语若是代词，需将其放在动词和副词中间；若是名词（短语），则可以放在动词和副词中间，也可以放在副词后面。e.g.Wehavetoputofftheschooltripbecauseofthebadweather.由于天气不好，我们不得不推迟校园旅行。Doraturnedthetapoffandcameoutofthebathroom.多拉关掉水龙头，从浴室里走了出来。HetriedtolearnGreekbutsoongottiredofitandgaveitup.他曾想学希腊语，但是不久就感到厌倦并且放弃了1.动副词短语e.g.findout查明

putoff推迟

putout使熄灭putup建造；张贴

pickup捡起；搭载

turnoff关闭turndown调低；拒绝

turnup出现；调大

workout计算出throwaway扔掉

lookthrough翻查，翻找2.动介词短语相当于及物动词，后面跟的宾语只能放在介词后。在被动语态中此类短语要被看作一个整体。e.g.Theyteachusalotofthings,buttheyaskfornothingfromus.他们教会我们很多东西，但他们不求回报。e.g.askfor请求careabout关心dependon依靠believein信任goover复习workon从事dealwith处理lookfor寻找breakinto破门而入lookafter照顾thinkof考虑listento听arriveat到达laughat嘲笑fallbehind落后standfor代表carefor喜欢getof下车diefrom死于(外部原因)lookat看arrivein到达comeacross偶然碰到lookinto调查waitfor等候3.动名词短语makethebed铺床loseinterest失去兴趣takeexercise锻炼gofishing去钓鱼haveacold感冒makefaces做鬼脸loseweight减肥takeplace发生goshopping去购物haveatry尝试loseheart灰心takecare当心goboating去划船goskating去滑冰haveaseat坐下makeadecision做决定makesense讲得通makeprogress取得进步makeadifference有影响takeaction采取行动taketurns轮流，交替4.动副介词短语catchupwith赶上runoutof用完lookforwardto期盼datebackto追溯到makeupfor弥补getawayfrom摆脱keepupwith跟上goonwith继续endupwith以...而结束makeupof组成putupwith忍受comeupwith提出；想出getalongwith进展getoutof出去；离开payattentionto注意haveconfidencein对......有信心takenoticeof注意到showaninterestin对......感兴趣takepartin参加catchsightof看到takepridein以......为骄傲makefriendswith与......交朋友makeuseof利用taketheplaceof替代makefunof取笑takecareof照顾5.动名介词短语1.putabout散布2.putaway放好3.putdown放下4.putforward提出5.putoff推迟6.puton穿上7.putout扑灭8.putsth.aside放在一边9.puttogether放在一起10.putup举起；提高；张贴1.comealong快点2.comearound拜访；改变观点；苏醒3.comeaway离开4.comeback回来5.comedown下来；下降6.comefrom来自7.comeforward自告奋勇8.comein(into)进来9.comenear走近10.comeoff脱落11.comeon加油；快点12.comeout出来13.comeover过来14.cometolight揭露，为人所知15.cometolife苏醒过来16.cometrue实现17.comeup上来，即将发生6.常见动词短语：

put&come1.cutat向……砍去2.cutaway剪掉3.cutback(on)减少，消减4.cutdead假装没看见，不理睬5.cutdown砍倒；消减6.cutin插嘴7.cutinto切入8.cutoff切断9.cutout剪下10.cutshort缩短；中断11.cutthrough穿过1.getabout走动2.getacross度过3.getalong与……和睦相处4.getaway离开，脱身5.getback回来；取回6.getdown趴下；使沮丧7.getin当选8.getoff下车9.geton上车10.getover克服11.getridof甩掉，摆脱12.getto到达13.gettogether在一起；聚会14.getthrough穿过；完成15.getup起床16.getusedto习惯于6.常见动词短语：

cut&get1.giveaway泄露2.giveatalk做演讲(报告)3.giveback归还4.givecare留意，用心5.giveearto倾听，听从6.givein屈服；投降7.giveoff释放8.giveoneselfup自首9.giveout发出10.giveover停止11.givesb.acall给某人打电话12.givesb.ahand帮助某人13.givesb.lessons给某人上课14.givethanks感谢15.giveup放弃16.giveway让步6.常见动词短语：givegiveup放弃letsb.down让某人失望runaround东奔西走desertsb.抛弃某人makesb.dosth.让某人做某事tellalie(telllies)撒谎hurtsb.伤害某人Let’stry:试着判断一下这些短语都属于什么类型的短语NevergonnagiveyouupNevergonnaletyoudownNevergonnarunaroundanddesertyouNevergonnamakeyoucryNevergonnasaygoodbyeNevergonnatellalieandhurtyou——RickAstley《NeverGonnaGiveYouUp》五随堂练习1.Somevolunteersaregoingto______thecentralpark.Let'sjointhem.A.putupB.cleanupC.lookupD.giveup2.Sandyseldomgoesoutatweekendsbecausereading______mostofherfreetime.A.takesupB.takesonC.takesoffD.takesout3.Insummervacation，Iwanttohelpparents_____clothesinthesquaretomakesomemoney.--Goodidea.It'salsoagoodchancetoknowaboutthesociety.A.lendB.chooseC.sellBAC4.Don'talways_____yourselfwithothers.Youshouldbeyourself.A.agreeB.playC.fightD.compare5.Wouldyouliketohaveapicnicwithmeontheweekend,Judy?-Sorry,Ihave____mysistertogoswimmingwithher.A.advisedB.expectedC.imaginedD.promised6.Helooksunhappytoday.Doyouknowwhat____tohim?A.happenedB.appearedC.reachedD.cameDDA7.LucydreamsofbecomingadoctorlikeZhongNanshanwhenshe____.A.growsupB.putsupC.setsupD.holdsup8.Ifyoutryyourbesttoworkhard,Ibelieveyoucan____intheend.A.loseheartB.takecareC.makeprogressD.makesenseAC9.不要只是等待暴风雨过去，要学会在雨中起舞。Don'tjust___________thestormtopass.Learntodanceintherain.10.晚饭后我经常复习功课。Ioften___________lessonsaftersupper.11.我们应该立刻行动起来，帮助他们摆脱困境。Weshould____________rightnowtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties.12.我相信，如果我们继续齐心协力，就一定能赢。Ibelieveifwecontinueto___________wearesurelowin.13.我一直在渴望收到你的来信。Iamalwaysthirstyfor_____________.14.我可以照顾自己并关爱他人Ican__________________myselfandcareforothers.15.你应该养成每天整理房间的习惯。Youshoulddevelopthehabitof_________yourroomeveryday.waitforgoovertakeactionpulltogetherhearingfromtakecareof/lookaftertidyingup16.She_____sportseverydayandneverstaysuplate.(do)17.China______anewBeidousatelliteintospaceonJune23rd,2020.(send)18.Couldyoutellmewhatthesignmeans?--Keepdistanceinpublictoavoid________avirus.(catch)19.Aclassicalconcertwillbe______onlinenextmonth.(hold)20.①我看到桌子上放着一张便条。Isawanote_______________________.②老师看着我微笑，没有说话。Theteacherlookedatmeand_________withoutaword.③这首歌听起来很甜美，使我想起了美好的童年。Thissongsoundssosweetthatit__________meofmywonderfulchildhood.④中国在很多国家已经建立了5G基站。China______________5Gstationsinmanycountries.doessentcatchingheldlyingonthedesksmiledremembershassetup21.(2022·临沂·49-55)动词应用阅读下面短文,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助动词或情态动词。OneLeaf,OneWorldMaybeyouknowChinesepapercutting,buthaveyoueverheardofleaf-cuttingart?Inautumnandwinter,manystreets______（cover）infallenleaves.Mostofusprobablyjustpassoverthemwithoutpayingmuchattention.ButnotKanatNurtazin,anartistfromKazakhstan（哈萨克斯坦）.Hewillpickupsomefallenleavesandcutbeautifulartworksoutofthem.Kanatworksatauniversity.He______（keep）drawingasahobbytostaycreativesince2013.Thislong-timehobbyhasalsoallowedhim______（express）himselfthroughart.In2013,Kanat_____（start）aprojectcalled"100MethodsofDrawing".Inthisproject,hetriestousedifferentmaterialsandskillstocreateartworks.Amongallthesecreativepai