西藏拉萨市第二高级中学2022届高三上学期第一次月考英语试题（A）Word版含解析

英语（A）注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第Ⅰ卷（选择题）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whyisthewomansad?A.Tomwillleaveforcollege.B.Tomwillmisstheholiday.C.Tomwilltakehisvehicleback.2.Howdoesthewomanfeelnow?A.Upset.B.Surprised.C.Confident.3.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Catchaplane.B.Orderthemanataxi.C.Lookforsomethingfortheman.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atacafé.B.Attheoffice.C.Ataball.5.Whatdoesthegirlmean?A.Herparentswanthertochoosepopmusic.B.Herparentsoftenmakefunofher.C.Herparentslikeloudmusicfromthe1920’s.第二节(共5小题，每小题1.5分；满分7.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whywon’tthemanbepayingthebill?A.Thetreatmentisfree.B.Theinjuryhappenedatwork.C.Itiscoveredbythemedicalinsurance.7.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Doctorandpatient.B.Salesmanandcustomer.C.Managerandemployee.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whichseasondoesthewomanlikebest?A.Winter.B.Summer.C.Autumn.9.Whydoesthemandislikedrivingintherain?A.Theroadsarecrowded.B.Thelightsaretoobright.C.Thetiresneedtobereplaced.10.Whendidthewomanprobablyusehertrucktohelptheman?A.Duringthewinter.B.Duringthesummer.C.Duringtheautumn.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Wheredoesthewoman’sEnglishteachercomefrom?A.TheUnitedKingdom.B.Australia.C.America.12.Whatisthewomanhavingproblemswith?A.Readingandwriting.B.Listeningcomprehension.C.Pronunciationandgrammar.13.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Askanotherteacherforhelp.B.LearnfromtheInternet.C.WatchsomeTVshows.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whenwasthelasttimethemousedeerwasseen?A.About10yearsago.B.About30yearsago.C.About100yearsago.15.Whodidthemanspeaktoaboutthemousedeer?A.AnNguyen.B.BarneyLong.C.AndrewTilker.16.Whyareresearchersstillworriedaboutthemousedeerprobably?A.Itspopulationissmall.B.Ithasbeenlosttoolong.C.Itsenvironmentisbeingdamaged.17.Whatdoesthemandoforaliving?A.Heresearchesanimals.B.Hehelpsotherstravel.C.Heinterviewscandidates.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Atwhatagedomostpeoplebeginsmokingaccordingtothetalk?A.About15.B.About25.C.About44.19.Whatwastheadvertisementlawtryingtodo?A.Makepeoplerefusetheadvertisementsoncigarettes.B.Makeiteasiertosellcigarettes.C.Makefewerpeoplebeginusingcigarettes.20.Whatisthespeakermainlydiscussing?A.Thoughtsonsmokinghavechanged.B.Recentstudiesarestillbeingexamined.C.Youngpeoplearemorelikelytosmoke.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHaveyoueverexperiencedanyinconveniencecausedbylanguagebarrierswhiletravelling?Haveyoueverthoughthowawesomethoselanguagecourseswouldbeiftheydidn'tcostsomuchmoneyandrequiresomuchtime?Translatyiscreatedtoservethispurpose-withoutwastingyourmoneyandtimeonlanguagecourses,youcaninstantlybecome“fluent"inmorethan40languageswiththisgeniusdevice!WhatisTranslaty?Translatyisasimpleyetlife-changinginventionthathelpsyoutoovercomeanyobstaclescausedbyforeignlanguages,whetheryou'reinabusinessmeetingwithaninternationalclientorsunbathingsomewhereonaSpanishbeach.Thissmallbutingeniousdeviceisabletoinstantlyrecognizeandtranslateover40differentlanguages,makingIinterculturalcommunicationcompletelyeffortless!WhatlanguagescanIactuallycommunicatein?Translatyhasmorethan40languagespre-installed,soyou'reabletouseittheminuteyougetit!Itprovidesfastandaccuratetwo-waycommunicationandallowsyoutoinstallsomeotherlanguagesthatyoumightbemissing.WhatmakesTranslatysospecial?*Makestravellingeasier-forgetlanguagebarriersandbecome“fluent”in40+languages.*Helpsinbusiness-strengtheningyourinternationalbusinessrelationships.It'seasywhenyouspeakthesamelanguage.*Assistsindailylife-allowingyoutoovercomelanguagedifferenceswithyourforeignfriends.*Convenientandeasytouse-lightweightandsimpledesign'ensuresit'stherewhenyouneeditthemost.*Offers100%accurate,two-waytranslations.*Highsoundandrecordingqualityensuretherearenomisunderstandings.Tosumup—getitwhileyoucan!1.TranslatycanhelpusersA.betterunderstandforeigners B.learnforeignlanguageswellC.spendlessinlearningalanguage D.buildrelationshipswithcolleagues2.WhatisspecialaboutTranslaty?A.It'sreliable. B.It'senormous.C.It'ssecure. D.It'sinfluential.3.What'sthepurposeofthetext?A.Todeclare. B.Toadvertise.C.Todemonstrate. D.Tocriticize.【答案】1.A2.A3.B【解析】【分析】这是一则广告。文章介绍Translaty的功能以及带来的好处。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据WhatisTranslaty?中Translatyisasimpleyetlife-changinginventionthathelpsyoutoovercomeanyobstaclescausedbyforeignlanguages“翻译学是一项简单却能改变生活的发明，它能帮助你克服外语带来的任何障碍”。可知，翻译学可以帮助用户更好地理解外国人。故选A。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据WhatmakesTranslatysospecial?中的Tosumup—getitwhileyoucan!“总而言之——趁你还能拿的时候去拿吧!”由此可知，翻译学的特别之处是“它是值得信赖的”。故选A。【3题详解】目的意图题。根据第二段中Translatyiscreatedtoservethispurpose-withoutwastingyourmoneyandtimeonlanguagecourses,youcaninstantlybecome“fluent"inmorethan40languageswiththisgeniusdevice!“翻译学就是为这个目的而生的——不用浪费你的金钱和时间在语言课程上，有了这个天才的工具，你可以立刻“流利”地说40多种语言!”由此可知，这篇文章的目的是为了登广告。故选B。BFororAgainst?—ThatIstheQuestionAndyisthemostunreasonableandhemakesmesoangrythatIcouldevenscreamsometimes!Ofcourse,Isortofhavetolovehimbecauseheismytwinbrother.AndyandAmy（thatisme）havethesamecurlyhairanddarkeyesandareequallystubborn.Yet,onmostissuesweusuallytakeoppositepositions.Justthisweekinourschool,therewasaheateddiscussiononwhethertoadoptaschooldresscode.Everystudentwouldberequiredtowearauniform.Theteachersaredivided:Someareinfavoroftheuniformswhileothersareopposed.Theprincipalhasaskedthestudentstoexpresstheiropinionsbyvotingontheissuebeforedecisionsaremade.Butshewillhavethefinalwordonthedresscode.Ithinkadresscodeisagoodidea.Thereasonissimple.ThelessIhavetodecidefirstthinginthemorning,thebetter.Ican'ttellyouhowmanymorningsIlookintomyclosetandjuststare,unabletodecidewhattowear.Andyisshockedatmyopinion.Lastnight,heevendraggedoutmyparents'highschoolphotoalbumstoshowmehowbrillianttheylookedwithoutuniforms!Healsodeclared,"BruceSpringsteenneverworeaschooluniform.BobDylanwouldn'thavebeencaughtdeadinaschooluniform!Besides,whenIamfeelingpolitical,Iwanttobeabletowearclothesmadeofnatural,undyedfibers,sewnorassembledincountriesthatdonotpollutetheenvironmentorexploitchildlabor.IfIhavetowearauniform,Iwon'tfeellikeme!"TothatIreplied,"Soyourpersonalheroesdidn'twearschooluniforms.Buttheywenttohighschoolaboutamillionyearsago!IfeelsorryforyousinceIhadnoideathatyourego（自我）issofragilethatitwouldbecompletelydestroyedbyauniform."Thatreallymadehimangryandheshouted,"You'rejustcopyingwhatyouhearthatnewmusicteachersayingbecauseyouarecrazyabouthim!"Fortunately,thebellrangbeforewecoulddoeachotherphysicalharm,andwewenttoourseparateclasses.Thevotefororagainstuniformstookplacelaterthatday.Theresultsofthevoteandtheprincipal'sdecisionwillbeannouncednextweek.Iwonderwhatitwillbe.IknowhowIvoted,andI'mprettysureIknowhowAndyvoted.Howwouldyouvote---fororagainst?4.AmyandAndyoftengetangrywitheachotherbecause______.A.they'rebothstubborn B.theylikedifferentteachersC.theyalwaysholddifferentviews D.theydon'tlikeeachotherverymuch5.Amyholdstheideathat______.A.schoolclothingshouldreflectparents'valuesB.teenagersshouldneverfollowthelatestclothingfashionC.thewayonedressesshouldbeanexpressionofone'spersonalityD.wearingschooluniformsmeansonemakeslessdecisioneverymorning6.Whowilldecidewhetherthestudentsshouldwearuniforms?A.Theprincipal. B.Theirparents.C.Theirteachers. D.Studentsthemselves.7.InParagraph5,Amyaimstosaythat______.A.Andyshouldn'tlookuptohisheroessomuchB.ourclothesshoulddecidepeople'sattitudestowardsusC.Andy'slackofself-confidenceisreflectedinhisclothingD.ourclothesshouldn'tdeterminehowwefeelaboutourselves【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，Andy和Amy虽是双胞胎，但他们在许多问题上通常采取相反的立场，例如在是否采用校服规定的问题上有争执。【4题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Yet,onmostissuesweusuallytakeoppositepositions.”（然而，在大多数问题上，我们通常采取相反的立场。），可知他们经常互相生气是因为他们总是持有不同的观点。故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。由第三段中“ThelessIhavetodecidefirstthinginthemorning,thebetter.Ican'ttellyouhowmanymorningsIlookintomyclosetandjuststare,unabletodecidewhattowear.”（我早上第一件事做决定的时间越少越好。我无法告诉你有多少个早晨我在衣橱里看了看，却无法决定该穿什么。），可推断出Andy认为穿校服意味着一个人每天早上做的决定更少。故选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的“Theprincipalhasaskedthestudentstoexpresstheiropinionsbyvotingontheissuebeforedecisionsaremade.Butshewillhavethefinalwordonthedresscode.”（校长要求学生们在作出决定前就这个问题进行表决，以表达他们的意见。但她对着装要求有最终决定权。），可知校长决定学生们是否应该穿校服。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。由第五段中的“IfeelsorryforyousinceIhadnoideathatyourego（自我）issofragilethatitwouldbecompletelydestroyedbyauniform.”（我为你感到遗憾，因为我不知道你的自我如此脆弱，以至于会被制服彻底摧毁。），可推断出Amy想告诉Andy，我们穿的校服并不应该决定我们对自己的看法。故选D项。CThereisnosuchthingasa“safe"levelofdrinking,withincreasedconsumptionofalcoholassociatedwithpoorerbrainhealth,accordingtoanewstudy.Inanobservationalstudy,whichhasnotyetbeenpeer-reviewed,researchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordstudiedtherelationshipbetweentheself-reportedalcoholintakeofsome25,000peopleintheUK,andtheirbrainscans.Theresearchersnotedthatdrinkinghadaneffectonthebrain'sgraymatter-regionsinthebrainthatmakeup"importantbitswhereinformationisprocessed,"accordingtoleadauthorAnyaTopiwala,aseniorclinicalresearcheratOxford.“Themorepeopledrank,thelessthevolumeoftheirgraymatter,“Topiwalasaidviaemail."Brainvolumereduceswithageandmoreseverelywithdementia(痴呆症).Smallerbrainvolumealsopredictsworseperformanceonmemorytesting,“sheexplained."Whilealcoholonlymadeasmallcontributiontothis(0.8%),itwasagreatercontributionthanother"modifiable"riskfactors,"shesaid,explainingthatmodifiableriskfactorsare“onesyoucandosomethingabout,incontrasttoaging.”Theteamalsoinvestigatedwhethercertaindrinkingpatterns,beveragetypesandotherhealthconditionsmadeadifferencetotheimpactofalcoholonbrainhealth.Theyfoundthattherewasno"safe"levelofdrinking-meaningthatconsuminganyamountofalcoholwasworsethannotdrinkingit.Theyalsofoundnoevidencethatthetypeofdrink—suchaswine,spiritsorbeer—affectedtheharmdonetothebrain.However,certaincharacteristics,suchashighbloodpressure,obesityorbinge-drinking,couldputpeopleathigherrisk,researchersadded.Therisksofalcoholhavelongbeenknown：Previousstudieshavefoundthatthere'snoamountofliquor,wineorbeerthatissafeforyouroverallhealth.Alcoholwastheleadingriskfactorfordiseaseandprematuredeathinmenandwomenbetweentheagesof15and49worldwidein2016,accountingfornearlyonein10deaths,accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetin2018.“Ithasbeenknownfordecadesthatheavydrinkingisbadforbrainhealth,"SadieBoniface,headofresearchattheUK'sInstituteofAlcoholStudies,saidviaemail."Wealsoshouldn'tforgetalcoholaffectsallpartsofthebodyandtherearemultiplehealthrisks.”8.Whatisthefunctionofgraymatter?A.Controlthemountofalcohol B.ProcessinformationC.Scanthebrain D.Predicttheperformanceonmemory9.WhichisNOTtrueinthefollowingstatementsaccordingtothestudy?A.Drinkingalcoholisworsethannotdrinking.B.Withpeoplegettingolder,brainvolumereduces.C.Alcoholwasthemajorriskfactorfordiseaseandprematuredeath.D.Thelesspeopledrinkalcohol,themorethevolumeoftheirgraymatter.10.Whichisoneofthe"modifiable"riskfactors?A.Smoking B.Aging C.Death D.Disease11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Themountofalcoholisnotrelatedtopeople'shealth.B.Peopledrinkingalcoholdoharmtotheirbrainhealth.C.Peopledrinkingalcoholleadtodementia.D.Theresagreatdealofliquor,wineorbeerthatissafeforhealth.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述新的研究表明，无论你喝的是什么酒，无论喝多喝少，都会对大脑造成危害。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theresearchersnotedthatdrinkinghadaneffectonthebrain'sgraymatter-regionsinthebrainthatmakeup"importantbitswhereinformationisprocessed".(研究人员指出，饮酒对大脑中的灰质区域有影响，这些区域构成了“处理信息的重要部位”。)”可知，大脑灰质区域的功能是处理信息。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Themorepeopledrank,thelessthevolumeoftheirgraymatter.(喝得越多，灰质的体积就越小。)”可知，喝酒越多，灰质的体积就越小。但文章并没有证据说明D项所描述的“Thelesspeopledrinkalcohol,themorethevolumeoftheirgraymatter.(喝酒越少，大脑灰质的体积就越大。)”，所以不能就此推出喝酒越少，大脑灰质的体积就越大。所以D项表述错误。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“"Whilealcoholonlymadeasmallcontributiontothis(0.8%),itwasagreatercontributionthanother"modifiable"riskfactors,"shesaid,explainingthatmodifiableriskfactorsare“onesyoucandosomethingabout,incontrasttoaging.”(她说：“虽然酒精对这一现象的影响很小，但它比其他可调节的‘风险因素’的影响更大。”她解释说，可改变的风险因素是你可以做些什么，而不是衰老。”)”可知，“可调节的风险因素”指的是可控的因素，是相对于不可控的衰老而言。A.Smoking吸烟；B.Aging衰老；C.Death死亡；D.Disease疾病。所以只有A项“吸烟”是人能控制的因素，其他三项都是不可控因素。故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thereisnosuchthingasa“safe"levelofdrinking,withincreasedconsumptionofalcoholassociatedwithpoorerbrainhealth,accordingtoanewstudy.(一项新的研究表明，没有所谓的“安全”饮酒水平，饮酒量的增加与大脑健康状况的恶化有关。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述新的研究发现，无论你喝的是什么酒，无论喝多喝少，都会对大脑造成危害。B项“Peopledrinkingalcoholdoharmtotheirbrainhealth.(喝酒对大脑健康有害。)”概括文章主旨。故选B项。DNostalgia(怀旧)hasbecomeincreasinglycommoninourcurrentclimateofaccelerated,unexpectedchange.MoreandmoreAmericansareturningbackwithlongingtowhatfeelslikesimpler,sweetertimes.Theycollectcassettetapes,manualtypewritersevendecades-oldvideogames.Isitamistaketogettooobsessedwiththepast?Somepsychologistswarnthattoomuchdevotiontotheso-calledgoodolddaysisanescapefromreality;itcanindicatelonelinessorthatapersonishavingadifficulttimecopinginthepresent.PsychologistStephanieCoontzarguesthatnostalgiadistractsusfromaddressingtheproblemsofmodernlifeandcontributetoanxietydepression,insomniaetc.Butnewstudiessuggestthatamodestdoseofnostalgiaisnotonlyharmless,butactuallybeneficial.Theysuggestithelpsstrengthenoursenseofidentityandmakesusfeelmoreoptimisticandinspired.Itisalsoatoolforself—discoveryandmemoriesareapsychologicalimmuneresponsethatistriggeredwhenyouwanttotakeabreakfromnegativity.Interestingly,thosehappymemoriescanbeparticularlybeneficialbothtokidsintheirteensandtosociety'selders.Recallingourchildhoodremindsusof“thetimeswhenwewereacceptedandlovedunconditionally,"saysKrystineBatcho,apsychologist."Thatissuchapowerfullycomfortingphenomenon,knowingthattherewasatimeinlifewhenwedidn'thavetoearnourlove."Nostalgiacantransformeventhemostordinarypastintolegendswhichwarmstheheartandthebody.Let'snotforgetthatnostalgiahasbeenasourceofinspirationtoinnumerableAmericanwriters.MarkTwainrecalledhisboyhood,writing,"afteralltheseyears,Icanpicturethatoldtimetomyselfnow,justasitwasthen：Thewhitetowndrowsinginthesunshineofasummer'smorning."Sogoahead,daydreamalittleaboutyourbestchildhoodfriend,yourfirstcar,along-gonefamilypct.AsDr.Sedikidessays，"Nostalgiaisabsolutelycentraltohumanexperience."Butatthesametime,keepthesewordsofwisdomfromthegreatinventorCharlesKetteringinmindaswell："Youcan'thaveabettertomorrowifyouarethinkingaboutyesterdayallthetime."12.Whatdidsomepsychologistsinparagraph2probablyagree?A.Nostalgiawillcausesomementalproblems.B.Nostalgiamakesusdevotedtothegoodolddays.C.Nostalgiashowsyouaretryingtogetridofloneliness.D.Nostalgiahelpsuscopewiththedifficulttimewearegoingthrough.13.Therearemanybenefitsofnostalgiaexcept________A.Itcanenableustoknowourselvesbetter.B.Itcanbringussomecomfortwhenwerecall.C.Wearelikelytogainattentionifwerecallthehappychildhood.D.Wecansometimesbreakawayfromnegativitywithhappymemories.14.Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Thebadinfluenceoftoomuchdevotiontonostalgia.B.Thereasonswhyweshouldavoidnostalgia.C.Thebadmemoriesthatalwaysstickaroundyou.D.Thegreatchangesnostalgiawillbringtoyou.15.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Weallhaveasoftspotfornostalgia.B.Nostalgiaisactuallygoodforyou.C.Don'tbecarriedawaybynostalgia.D.Therearemanytimeswhenweliketorecall.【答案】12.A13.C14.A15.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了怀旧的好处。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Somepsychologistswarnthattoomuchdevotiontotheso-calledgoodolddaysisanescapefromreality;itcanindicatelonelinessorthatapersonishavingadifficulttimecopinginthepresent.PsychologistStephanieCoontzarguesthatnostalgiadistractsusfromaddressingtheproblemsofmodernlifeandcontributetoanxiety,depression,insomniaetc.”(一些心理学家警告说，对所谓美好的过去过于投入是对现实的逃避；它可以表示孤独，也可以表示一个人现在很难应付。心理学家StephanieCoontz认为，怀旧会分散我们对现代生活问题的关注，导致焦虑、抑郁、失眠等。)可知，第二段中的一些心理学家可能同意怀旧会导致一些心理问题的说法。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Itisalsoatoolforself—discoveryandmemoriesareapsychologicalimmuneresponsethatistriggeredwhenyouwanttotakeabreakfromnegativity.”(它也是一种自我发现的工具，记忆是一种心理免疫反应，当你想从消极中解脱出来时，它就会被触发。)可知，怀旧是一种自我发现，自我了解的工具，并且我们可以用快乐的回忆来摆脱消极。因此选项A和选项D是怀旧的好处。根据第三段第七句“Nostalgiacantransformeventhemostordinarypastintolegendswhichwarmstheheartandthebody.”(怀旧可以把最平凡的过去变成传奇，温暖人心和身体。)可知，当我们回忆时，它可以给我们带来一些安慰，所以选项B是怀旧的好处。选项C（如果我们回忆起快乐的童年，我们很可能会引起注意）在文中没有提及。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Youcan'thaveabettertomorrowifyouarethinkingaboutyesterdayallthetime.”(如果你总是想着昨天，就不会有一个更好的明天。)可知，下面一段将会讨论过分沉溺于怀旧的不良影响。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“Butnewstudiessuggestthatamodestdoseofnostalgiaisnotonlyharmless,butactuallybeneficial.”(但新的研究表明，适度的怀旧不仅无害，而且实际上是有益的。)可知，文章主要是讲怀旧的好处。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。AliisfromaMiddleEasterncountry.HenowstaysintheUSA.Hesmokesalotofcigaretteseveryday.Hehassmokedfornineyears.Alisays,“Itriedtoquitsmokinginmyhometown,butitwasimpossible.Myparentssmoke.Mybrotherssmoke.Allmyfriendssmoke.Atpartiesandatmeetings,almostallthemensmoke.HereintheUnitedStates,notasmanypeoplesmoke.___16___”ManysmokersarelikeAli:theywanttostopsmoking.___17___Theyknowitcancausecancerandheartdisease.Butitisdifficultforthemtogiveupsmokingbecausecigaretteshaveadruginthem.Thedrugisnicotine.Peoplewhosmokealotneednicotine.___18___Thenicotinemakeshimsick.Inafewdays,thesmoker’sbodyisusedtothenicotine,andhefeelsfine.Later,thesmokerneedsnicotinetokeepfeelingfine.Withoutnicotine,hefeelsbad.___19___Manypeoplewhoquitwillsoonsmokeagain.Atapartyoratworktheywilldecidetosmoke“justone”cigarette.Thentheywillsmokeanothercigarette,andanother.Soontheybecomesmokersagain___20___.A.Itisveryhardtoquitsmoking.B.Itwillbeeasiertochangethesmokinghabithere.C.Thusnicotinemakessmokersaddictedtocigarettes.D.Thesmokersknowthatsmokingisbadfortheirhealth.E.Whenapersonfirstbeginstosmoke,heusuallyfeelsterrible.F.Maybethereisonlyoneeasywaytoquitsmoking:neverstart.G.Butitissaidthatmedicineisneededtostopthemfromsmoking.【答案】16.B17.D18.E19.A20.F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了吸烟的人成瘾的原因以及吸烟的害处。香烟里有一种叫作尼古丁的毒。许多人刚开始吸烟，感到难受，过了一些日子他们就习惯了尼古丁。然后离不开它了。吸烟容易引起癌症和心脏病。但是戒烟很难，很多人戒了烟不久有吸起来了【16题详解】根据上文Itriedtoquit(放弃)smokinginmyhometown,butitwasimpossible.和HereintheUnitedStates,notasmanypeoplesmoke.可知Ali因为家乡的人都吸烟，所以戒烟是不可能的，比较一下，在美国，吸烟的人没那么多，因此可以推测此处要在这里改变吸烟的习惯比较容易，故B选项“在这里改变吸烟的习惯比较容易”切题。故选B项。【17题详解】根据下文Theyknowitcancausecancerandheartdisease.可知吸烟的人知道他们知道它会导致癌症和心脏病。所以选项承接上文。故D选项“吸烟者知道吸烟对他们的健康有害”切题。故选D项【18题详解】根据下文Thenicotinemakeshimsick尼古丁让他们感觉很难受。所以选项承接下文。故E选项“当一个人第一次开始吸烟时，他通常感觉很糟糕”切题。故选E【19题详解】根据下文Manypeoplewhoquitwillsoonsmokeagain.可知戒了烟的人不久很快又开始吸烟，因此选项要说戒烟很难。故A选项“戒烟很难”切题。故选A【20题详解】根据上文Soontheybecomesmokersagain.可知他们有成为烟民，没有有效的戒烟方法，因此说，最好的方法就是一开始就不吸烟。故F选项“也许戒烟只有一个简单的方法:开始就不吸烟”切题。故选F第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）Mymotheris92.UnlessIhavetobeoutoftown,eachweekItakemymothertodoher___21___andvisitthedoctor,providing___22___andtransportation.Duringtheweek,however,shelikestogotoanearbystoreto___23___somesmallthingssheneeds.Lastweekshewalkeduptothestore,butwhenshewenttopayforhergroceries,shewas___24___aboutthreedollars.Theonly___25___topayforthegrocerieswastotakeoffthe___26___shecoulddowithout:abottleofrubbingalcohol（医用酒精）andabarofsoup.Bytakingofthese,shewasableto___27___thenewtotaltotheamountofcashshehadwithher.Atthisstore,people___28___andthengoofftothesideto___29___theirowngroceries.Mymotherwasputtinghergroceriesintoshoppingbagswhena___30___cameuptoherandsaid,"Herearethethingsthatyou___31___."handinghertherubbingalcoholandthe___32___.Mymother,whoisneverspeechless,wasspeechless.She___33___forthewoman'snameandaddresssothatshecould___34___her.Thewomantoldheritwasher___35___.Mymotherwasso___36___byhergesturethatshedecidedtogobacktothestoreandgivethecashier（收银员）afive-dollarbilltokeeponhand___37___thesamehappenedtosomeoneelseiftheydidn'thaveenough___38___foralloftheirgroceries.So,whoeveryouare,thankyoufortherandomactof___39___thatnotonlyhelpedmymotherout,but___40___too.21.A.exercise B.housework C.cooking D.shopping22.A.reward B.medicine C.company D.shelter23.A.return B.collet C.order D.buy24.A.short B.cautious C.wrong D.concerned25.A.aim B.way C.advice D.reason26.A.weight B.things C.mask D.glasses27.A.raise B.add C.bring D.switch28.A.showup B.callin C.checkout D.sitdown29.A.store B.select C.deliver D.bag30.A.stranger B.cashier C.friend D.doctor31.A.lookedfor B.talkedabout C.threwaway D.putback32.A.receipt B.soap C.cash D.bottle33.A.asked B.waited C.cared D.searched34.A.repay B.trust C.recognize D.help35.A.luck B.chance C.gift D.turn36.A.surprised B.amused C.touched D.convinced37.A.incase B.evenif C.asthough D.sothat38.A.energy B.money C.space D.time39.A.faith B.courage C.kindness D.honor40.A.madeherday B.changedhermind C.caughthereye D.metherdemand【答案】21.D22.C23.D24.A25.B26.B27.C28.C29.D30.A31.D32.B33.A34.A35.C36.C37.A38.B39.C40.A【解析】【详解】【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了在商店购物时，作者的母亲带的钱不够，不得不将一些东西又放回去。一位陌生女人为作者母亲买下了这些东西。陌生人的行为感动了作者的母亲，她决定将这份善意传递下去。【小题1详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每周，我带母亲去购物，看医生。exercise锻炼；housework家务活；cooking烹饪；shopping购物。根据上文中的“Mymotheris92”和下一句中的“gotoanearbystore”可知，作者母亲年纪大，每周作者带着母亲去“购物”。故选D。【小题2详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每周，我都带母亲去购物，看医生，提供陪伴和交通工具。reward报酬，酬谢；medicine药；company陪伴；shelter遮蔽，庇护。根据前文“Mymotheris92…Itakemymothertodohershoppingandvisitthedoctor”可知，作者“陪同”上了年纪的母亲去购物，看医生。故选C。【小题3详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，在这一周里，母亲喜欢去附近的一个商店买她需要的一些小东西。return返回；collect收集；order订购；buy买。根据下文中的“smallthingssheneeds”可知，作者母亲去一家附近的商店去“买”她所需要的一些小东西。故选D。【小题4详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她去付款的时候，她缺了大约3美元。short缺少的；cautious谨慎的；wrong错误的；concerned关心的。根据下文中的“Theonlywaytopayforthegrocerieswastotakeoffthe39shecoulddowithout…”可知，作者的母亲想要支付这些东西的唯一方式就是把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下。由此推知，作者的母亲带的现金不够。故选A。【小题5详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：支付这些东西的唯一“方式”把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下。aim目标；way方法，方式；advice建议；reason原因。结合上题解析可知，作者的母亲带的现金不够，所以把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下是她能够支付这些东西的唯一“方式”。故选B。【小题6详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：支付这些东西的唯一“方式”把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下。weight重量；things东西；mask口罩；glasses眼镜。根据下文中的“abottleofrubbingalcoholandabarofsoap”可知，医用酒精和肥皂是作者母亲暂时可以不买的“东西”。故选B。【小题7详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过拿掉这些东西，她最终能够使现在的商品总值达到了她所带的现金金额范围。raise提高；add添加；bring使……处于某种状况，使……到某地；switch转变。根据上文可知，母亲拿掉了一些东西才能够使得现在的商品总值达到了她所带的现金金额。bringsth.tosth.表示“使……处于某种状况”，符合语境。该处指“使商品总值达到母亲所带金额范围之内”。故选C。【小题8详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这家商店里，人们先结账，然后到一边去把他们买的东西装到袋子里。showup出现，露面；callin叫……来，拜访；checkout结账离开；sitdown坐下。根据空后的“thengoofftotheside”可知，在这家商店里，人们先结账，然后到一边去。故选C。【小题9详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这家商店里，人们先结账，然后到一边去把他们买的东西装到袋子里。store贮藏；select挑选；deliver递送；bag把……装进袋子。根据下一句中的“puttinghergroceriesintoshoppingbags”可知，在这间店里，人们结完账之后，然后走到一边，将所购之物装进购物袋。故选D。【小题10详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲正在把买的东西放进袋子里，这时候突然一个陌生人走过来，说……。stranger陌生人；cashier收银员；friend朋友；doctor医生。根据下文中的“She___forthewoman’snameandaddress”可知，这个女人对作者的母亲而言是个陌生人，所以作者母亲要她的姓名和地址。故选A。【小题11详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是你放回去的东西。lookfor寻找；talkabout谈论；throwaway扔掉；putback放回。根据上一段的“…takeoffthe___shecoulddowithout：abottleofrubbingalcoholandabarofsoap.Bytakingoffthese…”可知，由于缺大约3美元，作者母亲将医用酒精和肥皂拿出来，放回到货架上。故选D。【小题12详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：…递给她医用酒精和肥皂。receipt收据；soap肥皂；cash现金；bottle瓶子。根据上文中的“…takeoffthe41shecoulddowithout：abottleofrubbingalcoholandabarofsoap.Bytakingoffthese…”可知，作者母亲放回去的有医用酒精和一块肥皂。现在陌生人帮作者母亲又把这些东西买了下来。故选B。【小题13详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她要这个女人的姓名和地址。ask询问；wait等待；care在乎；search搜索。根据上文可知，陌生女人帮助了作者母亲，所以作者母亲想要对方的姓名和住址以便报答对方的帮助。故选A。【小题14详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她要这个女人的姓名和地址以便她可以报答她。repay报答；trust信任；recognize认出；help帮助。根据上文可知，陌生女人帮助了作者母亲，所以作者母亲询问对方的姓名和住址，这样就可以报答对方了。故选A。【小题15详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个女人告诉她这是她的礼物。luck运气；chance机会；gift礼物；turn（依次轮到的）机会。根据下一句中的“Shewasso___byhergesturethat…”可知，这个女人并没有告诉作者母亲她的姓名地址，并不期望作者母亲的报答。所以这是她给母亲的“礼物”。故选