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11.1Ethicaleconomics
Reading:Coffeenomics
1(P106)
-coffeegrown
-coffeepicked
-coffeetransported
-coffeepacked
-coffeesoldandshipped
-coffeesoldontoshops
-coffeeboughtanddrunk
2(P106)
(1)10p(pence)
(2)15
(3)50
(4)50
(5)rent
(6)servicecharge
(7)coffee
(8)1.26
3(P106)
(1)B
(2)A
(3)F
(4)E
(5)C
Distheextrasentence.
Vocabulary:Finanicalandtradeterms
4(P107)
(1)middlemen
(2)disparity
(3)changhands
(4)overheads
(5)factorin
(6)break-eventotal
(7)mark-up
(8)freight
(9)grossdomesticproduct
(10)charities
Grammar:Articles
1(P108)
(1)0(Fairtradeisthenameoftheorganisation)
(2)an(singularnoun)
(3)a(singularnounmentionedforthefirsttime)
(4)the(beforeasuperlative)
(5)the(thereisonlyone)
(6)an(singularnoun)
(7)the(nameofcountry)
(8)a(singularnoun)
(9)the(refersto‘foundation’-thereisonlyone)
(10)0(pluralnoun)
3(P109)
(1)C(2)A(3)C(4)A(5)B(6)B(7)B(8)B
11.2Discussingtrennds
Speaking:Alternativeenergysources
1(P110)
a)Windpowerhasalreadybeenimplementedinmanycountriesthoughsomepeoplesayitcanneverprovideenoughenergyonitsown.Theinitialcostisalsoveryhigh.
b)Solarpowerisbeingwidelyusedeitheronpeople’sownhousesorintheformofhugeareasoflandwithsolarpanels.Thecostoftechnologyisfallingforthisenergysoitlookslikeagoodinvestment.
c)Biofuelswhichmakeuseofresiduefromplantsarealreadyusedinsomecars.Theylooksettoprovideonesolutiontothelackofpetrolfuels.
d)Coaliscriticisedforthepollutionitcreatesandmanycountries
arelookingatalternativeswhichsuggestsitis’ntagoodinvestment.However,insomepartsoftheworldsuchasChinatherearehugecoalreserveswhichareonlynowbeingminedandusedinpowerstations.Inthiscasecoalmaystillbeagoodinvestmentbutbebadfortheenvironment.
e)Wavepowerhasmanyofthesameprosandconsaswondpower.
f)Nuclearpowerhasattractedbadpublicityinthepastbutmorerecentlymanygovernmentshavereturnedtotheideaofbuildingnuclearpowerstationsinthenextcenturyinordertosolvethepotentialshortageofenergy.Privateinvestmentmayyetprovidegoodreturns.
Reading:Goodgreed
2(P110)
1B2B3A4C5D6B7C8D9A10B11B12A13D14A15C
3(P78)
Thegraphshowsthatwhilesolarpowercoststwiceasmuchperkilowatt-hourthantraditionalenergysourcesusedonpowergridsatpresent,itscostshavebeenfallingcontinuouslysincetheearlynineties.Thelineshowingtheaveragepriceforpowerfromthegridforresidentialenergyisalsoclimbing.Ifthesetrendscontinue,solarpowermaybecomeverycompetitive,makingitagoodlong-terminvestment.
Vocabulary:Describingtrends
4(P78)
(1)peak(n)
(2)rising(v)
(3)soar(v)
(4)remainedstable(v)
(5)crash(n)
(6)godown(v)
(7)descent(n)
(8)declined(v)
Listening:Reasonsfortrends
1(P112)
Anospeaker
B2
C4
D3
E1
F5
2(P112)
(1)because
(2)duetothefactthat
(3)Anotherreasonfor
(4)asaresultof
(5)as
Writing:Aproposal
4(P113)
Reasonsfor:
-ithasanewdealwithMainlineEnergyworth190millioneuros-thecompanyhasovertenyears’experienceinarelativelynewfield-ithitahighearlierintheyear
-therecentfallisdescribedbymanyanalystsasashort-termproblem.
-ithasdevelopedanewsilicon-savingtechnology
Reasonsagainst:
-itsrecentstockpricefellbyhalf
-thereisashortageofsilicon
5(P113)
DearMrKeating,
InresponsetoyourenquiryaboutSungreenPower,thecompanyseemstobeperformingwell.
OnethingtoconsideristheirnewsalesagreementwithMainlineEnergy,worth190millioneuros.Thisshouldhelptheirsharepricewhichrecentlyhalved.Ontheonehandthiswascausedbyashortageofsilicon,butontheotherhandSungreenspecialiseintechnologywhichrequireslesssilicon.
Sodespitethefall,Iwouldstillsuggestyouconsiderinvesting.Thefactthatsolarpowercostshavecontinouslyfallensincetheearlyninetiesandlooksettoequalnormalenergycostsinthenextfewyearm
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