六级高分班-阅读讲义

第一部分阅读理解全真试题

Unitl

PartIIReadingComprehension

(35minutes)

Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions

orunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)

andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron

theAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffectthe

immunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioral

imnumologist(免疫学家)MarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectric

shocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheir

enclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtime

oneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.

Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessrats

butnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthat

lackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,

hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon'tdevelopsleep

disturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsare

confrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwith

experiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists'suspicionsthattheexperience

orperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewas

discoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolof

Medicine(使形成条件反射)micetoavoidsoccMm力(糖精)bysimultaneously

feedingthemthesweetenerandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmune

systemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themice

quicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Ader

reexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthat

thosemicethathadreceivedthehighestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioning

died.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalone

nowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.

21.Laudenslager*sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnoff

theelectricity.

A)wasalteredC)wasweakened

B)wasstrengthenedD)wasnotaffected

22.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto.

A)turnofftheelectricity

B)trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

C)becomeabnormallysuspicious

D)behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

23.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder'sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat.

A)theyassociateditwithstomachaches

B)itaffectedtheirimmunesystems

C)itledtostomachpains

D)theydislikeditstaste

24.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder's

experimentwasthat.

A)thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothem

B)theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

C)theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharin

D)theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

25.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals.

A)canbealteredbyelectricshocks

B)canbeweakenedbyconditioning

C)canbesuppressedbydruginjections

D)canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Thedestructionofournaturalresourcesandcontaminationofourfoodsupplycontinueto

occur,largelybecauseoftheextremedifficultyinaffixing(把...固定)legalresponsibilityon

thosewhocontinuetotreatourenvironmentwithrecklessabandon(放任).Attemptstoprevent

pollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandfriendlypersuasionhavebeenmetbylawsuits,

personalandindustrialdenialandlongdelays——notonlyinacceptingresponsibility,butmore

importantly,indoingsomethingaboutit.

Itseemsthatonlywhengovernmentdecidesitcanaffordtaxincentivesorproduction

sacrificesisthereanyinitiativeforchange.Whereisindustry'sandourrecognitionthatprotecting

mankind'sgreattreasureisthesinglemostimportantresponsibility?Ifevertherewillbetimefor

environmentalhealthprofessionalstocometothefrontlinesandprovideleadershiptosolve

environmentalproblems,thattimeisnow.

Wearebeingasked,and,infact,thepublicisdemandingthatwetakepositiveaction.Itis

ourresponsibilityasprofessionalsinenvironmentalhealthtomakethedifference.Yes,the

ecologists,theenvironmentalactivistsandtheconservationistsservetocommunicate,stimulate

thinkingandpromotebehavioralchange.However,itisthoseofuswhoarepaidtomakethe

decisionstodevelop,improveandenforceenvironmentalstandards,Isubmit,whomustleadthe

charge.

Wemustrecognizethatenvironmentalhealthissuesdonotstopatcitylimits,countylines,

stateorevenfederalboundaries.Wecannolongeraffordtobetunnel-visionedinourapproach.

Wemustvisualizeissuesfromeveryperspectivetomaketheobjectivedecisions.Wemustexpress

ourviewsclearlytopreventmediadistortionandpublicconfusion.

Ibelievewehaveathree-partmissionforthepresent.First,wemustcontinuetopressfor

improvementsinthequalityoflifethatpeoplecanmakeforthemselves.Second,wemust

investigateandunderstandthelinkbetweenenvironmentandhealth.Third,wemustbeableto

communicatetechnicalinformationinaformthatcitizenscanunderstand.Ifwecanaccomplish

thesethreegoalsinthisdecade,maybewecanfinallystopenvironmentaldegradation,andnot

merelyholditback.Wewillthenbeabletospendpollutiondollarstrulyonpreventionratherthan

onbandages.

26.Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheindustrialistsdisregardenvironmental

protectionchieflybecause.

A)itisdifficultforthemtotakeeffectivemeasures

B)timehasnotyetcomeforthemtoputdueemphasisonit

C)theyarereluctanttosacrificetheirowneconomicinterests

D)theyareunawareoftheconsequencesofwhattheyaredoing

27.Themaintasknowfacingecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationists

is.

A)toarousepublicawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection

B)topreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandpersuasion

C)toimprovethequalityoflifebyenforcingenvironmentalstandards

D)totakeradicalmeasurestocontrolenvironmentalpollution

28.Theword“tunnel-visioned”(Line2,Para.4)mostprobablymeans"”.

A)narrow-mindedC)abletoseeonlyoneaspect

B)short-sightedD)blindtothefacts

29.Whichofthefollowing,accordingtotheauthor,shouldplaytheleadingroleinthesolution

ofenvironmentalproblems?

A)Thecooperationofecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationists.

B)Theeffortsofenvironmentalhealthprofessionals.

C)Theindustry*sunderstandingandsupport.

D)Legislationandgovernmentintervention.

30.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A)Moremoneyshouldbespentinordertostoppollution.

B)Environmentaldegradationwillbestoppedbytheendofthisdecade.

C)Ordinarycitizenshavenoaccesstotechnicalinformationonpollution.

D)Effortsshouldbeexertedonpollutionpreventioninsteadofonremedialmeasures.

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Britishuniversities,groaningundertheburdenofahugeincreaseinstudentnumbers,are

warningthatthetraditionofafreeeducationisatrisk.Theuniversitieshavethreatenedtoimpose

anadmissionfeeonstudentstoplugagapinrevenueifthegovernmentdoesnotacttoimprove

theirfinancesandscrapsomepublicspendingcutbacks.

Thegovernmentrespondedtotheuniversities*threatbysettingupthemostfundamental

reviewofhighereducationfbrageneration,underanon-partytroubleshooterIvA),SirRon

Dearing.

Oneinthreeschool-leaversentershighereducation,fivetimesthenumberwhenthelast

reviewtookplacethirtyyearsago.

Everyoneagreesasystemthatisfeelingthestrainafterrapidexpansionneedsalotmore

money-butthereislittlehopeofgettingitfromthetaxpayerandnotmuchscopefbrattracting

morefinancefrombusiness.

Mostcollegesbelievestudentsshouldcontributetotuitioncosts,somethingthatiscommon

elsewhereintheworldbutwouldmarkarevolutionarychangeinBritain.Universitieswantthe

governmenttointroducealoanschemefortuitionfeesandhavesuspendedtheirownthreatened

actionfornow.TheyawaitDearing'sadvice,hopingitwillnotbetoolate——somearealready

reportedtobeinfinancialdifficulty.

Asthecenturynearsitsend,thewholeconceptofwhatauniversityshouldbeisunderthe

microscope.Expertsponderhowmuchtheycanusecomputersinsteadofclassrooms,talkofthe

needforlifelonglearningandrefertostudentsas“consumers”.

TheConfederation^^)ofBritishIndustry,thekeyemployers'organization,wants

evenmoreexpansioninhighereducationtohelpfightcompetitiononworldmarketsfrom

boomingAsianeconomies.Butthegovernmenthasdoubtsaboutmoreexpansion.TheTimes

newspaperagrees,complainingthatqualityhassufferedasstudentnumberssoared,withclose

tutorialsupervisiongivingwayto“massproductionmethodsmoretypicalofEuropean

universities.”

31.ThechiefconcernofBritishuniversitiesis.

A)howtotackletheirpresentfinancialdifficulty

B)howtoimprovetheireducationaltechnology

C)howtoexpandtheenrollmenttomeettheneedsofenterprises

D)howtoputanendtothecurrenttendencyofqualitydeterioration

32.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatinBritain.

A)highereducationisprovidedfreeofcharge

B)universitiesaremainlyfundedbybusinesses

C)thegovernmentpaysdearlyforitsfinancialpolicy

D)studentsarereadytoacceptIoanschemesfortuition

33.WhatwasthepercentageofhighschoolgraduatesadmittedtouniversitiesinBritainthirty

yearsago?

A)About15%,C)Below10%.

B)20%orso.D)Above30%.

34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A)Britishemployersdemandanexpansioninenrollmentattheexpenseofquality

B)thebestwayoutforBritishuniversitiesistofollowtheirEuropeancounterparts

C)theBritishgovernmentwillbeforcedtoincreaseitsspendingonhighereducation

D)Britishstudentswillprobablyhavetopayfortheirhighereducationinthenearfuture

35.WhichofthefollowingistheviewpointoftheTimesnewspaper?

A)Britishuniversitiesshouldexpandtheirenrollmenttomeettheneedsofindustry.

B)ExpansioninenrollmentisboundtoaffectthequalityofBritishhighereducation.

C)Britishuniversitiesshouldhelpfightcompetitiononworldmarkets.

D)Europeanuniversitiescanbettermeettheneedsofthemodernworld.

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

There*sasimplepremisebehindwhatLarryMyersdoesforaliving:Ifyoucansmellit,you

canfindit.

MyersisthefounderofAuburnUniversity'sInstituteforBiologicalDetectionSystems,

themaintaskofwhichistochasetheultimateindetectiondevices—anartificialnose.

Fornow,thesubjectoftheirresearchislittlemorethanastackofgleamingchipstucked

awayinalaboratorydrawer.Butsoon,suchatoolcouldbehangingfromthebeltsofpolice,

arson(纵火)investigatorsandfood-safetyinspectors.

Thetechnologythattheyareworkingonwouldsuggestquitereasonablythat,within

threetofiveyears,we'llhavesomeworkablesensorsreadytouse.Suchdevicesmightfindwide

useinplacesthatattractterrorists.Policecoulddetectdrugs,bodiesandbombshiddenincars,

whilefoodinspectorscouldeasilytestfoodandwaterforcontamination.

Theimplicationsforrevolutionaryadvancesinpublicsafetyandthefoodindustryare

astonishing.Butso,too,arethepossibilitiesforabuse:Suchmachinescoulddeterminewhethera

womanisovulating(排卵)，withoutaphysicalexam一orevenherknowledge.

OneofthetraditionalprotectorsofAmericanlibertyisthatithasbeenimpossibleto

searcheveryone.That*sgettingnottobethecase.

ArtificialbiosensorscreatedatAuburnworktotallydifferentlyfromanythingeverseen

before.Aromascan,forexample,isadesktopmachinebasedonabankofchipssensitiveto

specificchemicalsthatevaporateintotheair.Asairissuckedintothemachine,chemicalspass

overthesensorsurfacesandproducechangesintheelectricalcurrentflowingthroughthem.

Thosecurrentchangesareloggedintoacomputerthatsortsoutodorsbasedontheirelectrical

signatures.

Myerssaystheyexpecttoloadasinglefingernail-sizechipwiththousandsofodor

/(感受器)，enoughtocreateasensorthat'snearlyassensitiveasadog'snose.

36.Whichofthefollowingiswithinthecapacityoftheartificialnosebeingdeveloped?

A)Monitoringfoodprocessing.

B)Performingphysicalexaminations.

C)Locatingplaceswhichattractterrorists.

D)Detectingdrugsandwatercontamination.

37.Apotentialproblemwhichmightbecausedbytheuseofanartificialnoseis.

A)ahazardtophysicalhealth

B)negligenceofpublicsafety

C)athreattoindividualprivacy

D)anabuseofpersonalfreedom

38.Thewordulogged^(Line5,Para.7)mostprobablymeans"”.

A)presetC)entered

B)simulatedD)processed

39.Toproduceartificialnosesforpracticaluse,itisessential.

A)tofindchemicalsthatcanaltertheelectricalcurrentpassingthrough

B)todevelopmicrochipswiththousandsofodorreceptors

C)todesignacomputerprogramtosortoutsmells

D)toinventchipssensitivetovariouschemicals

40.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsLarryMyers*workis.

A)approvingC)cautious

B)overenthusiasticD)suspicious

Unit2

PartIIReadingComprehension

(35minutes)

Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions

orunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)

andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron

theAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Intheworldofentertainment,TVtalkshowshaveundoubtedlyfloodedeveryinchofspace

ondaytimetelevision.Andanyonewhowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachonevariesin

styleandformat.Butnotwoshowsaremoreprofoundlyoppositeincontent,whileatthesame

timestandingoutabovetherest,thantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshows.

JerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingofutrash勿业(废话)”.Thetopicsonhis

showareasshockingasshockingcanbe.Forexample,theshowtakestheever-commontalk

showthemesoflove,sex,cheating,guilt,hate,conflictandmoralitytoadifferentlevel.Clearly,

theJerrySpringershowisadisplayandexploitationofsociety'smoralcatastrophes(灾难)，yet

peoplearewillingtoeatuptheintriguingpredicaments(困境)ofotherpeople'slives.

LikeJerrySpringer,OprahWinfreytakesTVtalkshowtoitsextreme,butOprahgoesinthe

oppositedirection.Theshowfocusesontheimprovementofsocietyandanindividuafsqualityof

life.Topicsrangefromteachingyourchildrenresponsibility,managingyourworkweekly,to

gettingtoknowyourneighbors.

ComparedtoOprah,theJerrySpringershowlookslikepoisonouswastebeingdumpedon

society.Jerryendseveryshowwithaufinalword”.Hemakesasmallspeechthatsumsupthe

entiremoraloftheshow.Hopefully,thisisthepartwheremostpeoplewilllearnsomethingvery

valuable.

Clearasitis,theOprahshowisnotforeveryone.Theshow'smaintargetaudienceare

middle-classAmericans.Mostofthesepeoplehavethetime,money,andstabilitytodealwith

life'stougherproblems.JerrySpringer,ontheotherhand,hasmoreofanassociationwiththe

youngadultsofsociety.Theseare18-to21-year-oldswhosemaintroublesinlifeinvolvelove,

relationship,sex,moneyandpeers.Theyaretheoneswhoseesomevalueandlessonstobe

learnedunderneaththeshow'sexploitation.

Whilethetwoshowsareasdifferentasnightandday,bothhaveruledthetalkshowcircuit

formanyyearsnow.Eachonecaterstoadifferentaudiencewhilebothhaveastrongfollowing

fromlargegroupsoffans.Ironically,bothcouldalsobeconsideredpioneersinthetalkshow

world.

21.ComparedwithotherTVtalkshows,boththeJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfrey

are・

A)morefamily-oriented

B)unusuallypopular

C)moreprofound

D)relativelyfonnal

22.ThoughthesocialproblemsJerrySpringertalksaboutappeardistasteful,the

audience.

A)remainfascinatedbythem

B)arereadytofaceuptothem

C)remainindifferenttothem

D)arewillingtogetinvolvedinthem

23.WhichofthefollowingislikelytobeatopicoftheOprahWinfreyshow?

A)Anewtypeofrobot.

B)Racisthatred.

C)Familybudgetplanning.

D)Streetviolence.

24.Despitetheirdifferentapproaches,thetwotalkshowsareboth.

A)ironicalC)instructive

B)sensitiveD)cynical

25.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthetwotalkshows.

A)havemonopolizedthetalkshowcircuit

B)exploittheweaknessesinhumannature

C)appearatdifferenttimesoftheday

D)aretargetedatdifferentaudiences

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifference

betweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyon

theefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedonpersuasivesalesmanship,,tomoveasmuch

ofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellerto

producegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirst

analyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfy

them.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimply

meansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersand

dealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingit

availableforpurchase.

Thisconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolent慈善)orthatconsumersatisfaction

isgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction

-thefirmandthecustomer-andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.Successful

merchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthrough

understandingandcateringtocustomers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtothe

consumerpresenteditselfinmid_1985,whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.The

nonacceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutaprompt

restorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenew.KingCustomer

ruled!

26.Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,

A)thepracticeofturninggoodsintomoney

B)makinggoodsavailableforpurchase

C)thecustomer-centredapproach

D)aformofpersuasivesalesmanship

27.Whatwasthemainconcernofindustrialistsbeforethemarketingconceptwaswidely

accepted?

A)Theneedsofthemarket.

B)Theefficiencyofproduction.

C)Thesatisfactionoftheuser.

D)Thepreferencesofthedealer.

28.Accordingtothepassage,“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”(Lines3_4,Para.1)

means.

A)tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgood

B)totransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossible

C)todisposeofthesegoodsinlargequantities

D)toredesignthesegoodsforlarge-scaleproduction

29.WhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrate?

A)Traditionalgoodshaveastrongerappealtothemajorityofpeople.

B)Ittakestimeforanewproducttobeacceptedbythepublic.

C)Consumerswithconservativetastesareoftendifficulttoplease.

D)Productsmustbedesignedtosuitthetasteoftheconsumer.

30.Indiscussingthemarketingconcept,theauthorfocuseson.

A)itsmaincharacteristic

B)itssocialimpact

C)itspossibleconsequence

D)itstheoreticalbasis

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Conventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutanddried.Toolittleconflict

breeds优y(冷漠)andstagnations^).Toomuchconflictleadstodivisiveness(and

hostility.Moderatelevelsofconflict,however,cansparkcreativityandmotivatepeopleina

healthyandcompetitiveway.

RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevel

ofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.Hestudied

perceptionsofconflictamongasampleofexecutives.Someoftheexecutivesworkedfor

profit-seekingorganizationsandothersfornot-for-profitorganizations.

Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyas

afunctionofthetypeoforganization.Specifically,managersinnot-for-profitorganizations

stronglybelievedthatconflictwasbeneficialtotheirorganizationsandthatitpromotedhigher

qualitydecisionmakingthanmightbeachievedintheabsenceofconflict.

Managersoffor-profitorganizationssawadifferentpicture.Theybelievedthatconflict

generallywasdamagingandusuallyledtopoor-qualitydecisionmakingintheirorganizations.

Schwenkinterpretedtheseresultsintermsofthecriteriaforeffectivedecisionmakingsuggested

bytheexecutives.Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmost

oftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflict

enhancedfinancialindicators.

Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromthe

perspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwith

satisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredand

acceptabledecisions.

31.Intheeyesoftheauthor,conventionalopiniononconflictis.

A)wrongC)misleading

B)oversimplifiedD)unclear

32.ProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk'sresearchshows.

A)theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconflict

B)therealvalueofconflict

C)thedifficultyindeterminingtheoptimallevelofconflict

D)thecomplexityofdefiningtherolesofconflict

33.WecanlearnfromSchwenk'sresearchthat.

A)aperson'sviewofconflictisinfluencedbythepurposeofhisorganization

B)conflictisnecessaryformanagersoffor-profitorganizations

C)differentpeopleresolveconflictsindifferentways

D)itisimpossibleforpeopletoavoidconflict

34.Thepassagesuggeststhatinfor-profitorganization.

A)thereisnoendofconflict

B)expressionofdifferentopinionsisencouraged

C)decisionsmustbejustifiable

D)successliesingeneralagreement

35.Peopleworkinginanot-for-profitorganization.

A)seemtobedifficulttosatisfy

B)arefreetoexpressdiverseopinions

C)arelesseffectiveinmakingdecisions

D)finditeasiertoreachagreement

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Imagineeatingeverythingdeliciousyouwant—withnoneofthefat.Thatwouldbegreat,

wouldn'tit?

Newufakefat“productsappearedonstoreshelvesintheUnitedStatesrecently,butnot

everyoneishappyaboutit.Makersoftheproducts,whichcontainacompoundcalledolestra,say

foodmanufacturerscannoweliminatefatfromcertainfoods.Critics,however,saythenew

compoundcanrobthebodyofessentialvitaminsandnutrients(营养物)andcanalsocause

unpleasantsideeffectsinsomepeople.Soit'suptoconsumerstodecidewhetherthenewfat-free

productstastegoodenoughtokeepeating.

Chemistsdiscoveredolestrainthelate1960s,whentheyweresearchingforafatthatcould

bedigestedbyinfantsmoreeasily.Insteadoffindingthedesiredfat,theresearcherscreatedafat

thatcan'tbedigestedatall.

Normally,specialchemicalsintheintestines(肠)“grab"moleculesofregularfatandbreak

themdownsotheycanbeusedbythebody.Amoleculeofregularfatismadeupofthree

moleculesofsubstancescalledfattyacids.

ThefattyacidsareabsorbedbytheintestinesandbringwiththemtheessentialvitaminsA,D,

E,andK.Whenfatmoleculesarepresentintheintestineswithanyofthosevitamins,thevitamins

attachtothemoleculesandarecarriedintothebloodstream.

Olestra,whichismadefromsixtoeightmoleculesoffattyacids,istoolargeforthe

intestinestoabsorb.Itjustslidesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingbrokendown.Manuf