江苏省南京师范大学附属中学2021-2022学年高三上学期寒假自检英语试卷

寒假高三英语自测卷★祝各位同学寒假快乐！第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）（共15小题，每小题2.5分，共37.5分）AWhetheryou’relookingtolearnmoreaboutsustainabilityorimagineyourselfasamediabigmanattheheadofaworld-famousmagazine,hereareseveralbooksworthpoppingonyourGoodReadslist.TheConsciousClosetbyElizabethL.ClineAsthepressuretosavetheplanetincreases,it’simportanttoturntheconversationtoourcloset（衣帽间）.Stockpilingendlessprintedbooksonsustainabilityseemssomewhatunwise,butTheConsciousClosetiseasilythebestofthelot.Itexposesthetruecostoffastfashionandencouragesthereadertothinktwiceaboutunwisepurchasing,drawingdeeplyonCline’sownexperiences.HowToDress:SecretStylingTipsFromAFashionInsiderbyAlexandraFullertonFormerfashioneditoratStylistmagazine,AlexandraFullertoncertainlyknowssomethingaboutgettingdressed.Illustratedbeautifully,thisbookallowsyoutodipeasilyinandoutofhereasy-to-followadvice,helpingyoucarveoutasignaturestyle,shopmoreeffectivelyandevenwashandstoreyourclothestomaximizetheirfullpotential.TheNewFashionRulesbyVictoriaMagrathOneoftheUK’smostsuccessfulfashionbloggers,VictoriaMcGrathhasusedherplatformtodemonstratethegrowingvalueofinfluencercultureonfashionandnewmedia.Herfriendly,accessibletoneisbackedupwithsomeseriousknowledge—herPhDinfashionmarketingallowshertoexplorehowfarfashionhascomeinrecentdecades,discussingmanythingsincludingvirtualrealityshoppingwhileofferingupabrieftouroffashion’s21stcenturyhistory.AdvancedLovebyAriSethCohenThephotographicblogseriesthatmadestarsofIrisApfelandLindaRodin,theAdvancedStylebrandhasgrownoverthepastdecade,demonstratingthatrealbeautyistrulyageless.Histhirdandmostrecentbook,AdvancedLoveseesAriSethCohenpicturingcouplesfromallwalksoflife,makingastatementaboutourdismissalofromancewithinthe0ver-40ageset.Theperfectfestivegiftforyourspecialother-half,oratreat-to-selfasaconstantreminderthatlovenevergoesoutofstyle.1．Whichisthemostsuitablebookforanewgraduateignorantoffashion?A．AdvancedLove B．TheConsciousClosetC．TheNewFashionRules D．HowToDress:SecretStylingTipsFromAFashionInside2．From________’sbook,wecanknowsomethingaboutthedevelopmentoffashion.A．ElizabethL.Cline B．AlexandraFullerton C．VictoriaMagrath D．AriSethCohen3．Whatdothebookshaveincommon?A．Theyaretargetedonyoungladies.B．Theauthorsadviseusagainstunreasonablepurchasing.C．Theyareallgoodbooksaboutsecretsofthefashionworld.D．Thewritersareallbloggersgivingpracticaladviceonhowtogetwelldressed.BGrandma,almostninetyyearsold,satweaklyontheparkbench.Shedidn’tmove.Shejustsatwithherheaddownstaringatherhands.WhenIsatdownbesideher,shedidn’tevennoticeme.IwonderedifshewasOK.SoIaskedherifshewasOK.Sheraisedherhead,lookedatmeandsaidwithasmile,“Yes,I’mfine.Thankyouforaskingme.”“Ididn’tmeantodisturbyou,Grandma,butyouwerejustsittingherestaringatyourhandsandIwantedtomakesureyouwereOK,”Iexplainedtoher.“Haveyoueverlookedatyourhands?”Sheasked.“Imeanreallylookingatyourhands.”Islowlyopenedmyhandsandstareddownatthem.AndthenIturnedthemover.No,IguessIhadneverreallylookedatmyhandsasItriedtofigureoutthepointmygrandmawasmaking.Grandmasmiledandtoldmethefollowingstory,“Myhandsputfoodinmymouthandclothesonmyback.Theytiedmyshoesandpulledonmyboots.Theyheldmyhusbandandwipedmytearswhenhewentofftowar.TheywereuneasywhenItriedtoholdmynewbornson.Decoratedwithmyweddingband,theyshowedtheworldthatIwasmarriedandlovedsomeonespecial.TheywrotemyletterstohimandshookwhenIburiedmyparents.Theyheldmychildrenandgrandchildrenandcomfortedmyneighbors.Theycoveredmyface,combedmyhairandwashedtherestofmybody.ThesehandsarethemarkofwhereI’vebeenandtheruggednessoflife.”Ineverlookatmyhandsthesameagain.WhenmyhandsarehurtorwhenItouchthefacesofmychildrenandmyhusband,Ithinkofmygrandma.IknowIcanalsocreateabrightfutureusingmyhands.4．Thewriterdisturbedhergrandmainordertoknow________.A．whatshewasdoing B．whethersheunderstoodthewriterC．whyshewasstaringatherhands D．iftherewassomethingwrongwithher5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ruggedness”inParagraph4mean?A．Pleasure. B．Richness. C．Roughness. D．Excitement.6．Whatcanweknowaboutthewriter’sgrandma?A．Sheisfondoftellingstories.B．Shetreatsothersinacaringandhelpfulway.C．Shelovestellingstoriesinaninterestingway.D．Shepreferstotalkwithothersaboutherfriends.7．Theauthormentionedhergrandma’sstorytoshowthathergrandma________.A．couldn’tdoanythingasaresultofherweakhandsB．livedapoorlifewithoutanyhelpoftechnologyC．feltverytiredwhendealingwithlifewithherweakhandsD．managedtogothroughmanydifficultieswithherweakhandsCHuman’sfingerprintcanbeseenacrosstheplanettoday,fromthepyramidstotheskyscrapersandfromroadstoagriculture.Butwhatwouldtheworldlooklikeifhumanshadneverexisted?Ascientisthaspaintedapictureoftheworldwithoutmodernhumans.“Ithinkitwouldbeanovergrowingplacewithawealthofanimalsrangingacrossallcontinents,”saidGilbertWilliams,abiologistinAustralia.Humanbeingshaveshapedtheworldattheexpenseofmanyspecies,fromthedodostodinosaurs,whichwedrovetoextinctionthroughunsustainableactivities.TheextinctionrateonEarthtodayismorethan100timeswhatitwouldbewithouthumans.Inotherwords,humanbeingshitthisplanetlikeanasteroidfromspace,andthe“dust”isstillaffectingthelivelihoodofwildlife.Scientistsalsobelievehumanbeingsplayedakeyroleinthedisappearanceoflargemammals.Withouthumans,massiveanimalswouldliveacrossEurope.Meanwhile,theAmericaswouldbehometobearsandelephants,alongwithuniquespecieslikegiantmammoths(猛犸象).“Inaworldwithouthumans,therewouldbeamuchbiggerdiversityoflargemammals,”Dr.Gilbertsaid.Theysurvivedclimatechangesandlikelycouldhavesurvivedtothepresentdaywereitnotforthepressurehumansplacedonthem.Theclimatemightalsobedifferent.Thoughactivitiessuchastheburningonfossilfuels,humanbeingshaveagreatimpactonEarth’sclimatebyraisingtheaverageglobaltemperature.Earth,therefore,wouldhavebeenmuchcoolerwithoutus.However,humanbeingsarenottheonlyintelligentcreaturesonthisplanet.There’renoreasonswhyotherintelligentanimalscouldn’thaveevolvedlikethateventually,givenenoughtime.“Removingusmighthaveopenedthedoorforothers,”Dr.Gilbertsaid.“Maybetheywouldmakeallthesamemistakesthatwe’vedone.Whoknows?”8．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthepassage?A．Bytellingajoke. B．Bygivingdetails.C．Bylistingproblems. D．Byraisingaquestion.9．Whatisthepurposeoftheunderlinedword“asteroid”inParagraph3?A．Tostressthedamagehumansbroughttowildlife.B．Toreduceenvironmentalpollutiononthisplanet.C．Topraiseeffortshumansmadetoshapetheworld.D．Toshowhighexpenseofprotectingmanyspecies.10．WhatcanweinferabouthugemammalsfromDr.Gilbert?A．Theirdiversityissmallerthanbefore.B．Theyaddedpressureonhumanbeings.C．Theiractivitiescausedglobalwarming.D．Theydisappearedduetoclimatechanges.11．WhatwouldhappenifhumanbeingswereremovedaccordingtoDr.Gilbert?A．Dinosaursmightreturntothisplanet.B．Therewouldbenopollutionanymore.C．Othersmartcreaturesmightcometopower.D．Intelligentanimalswouldavoidmakingmistakes.DJustasahungrybraincraves(渴望)food,alonelybraincravespeople.Anewbrainstudydemonstratesthis.Afterbeingleftalone,itshowspeople'sbrainswouldbeactivatedatthesightofotherpeople.Theactionwasinthesamebrainregionthatspeedsupwhenahungrypersonseesfood.LiviaTomova,aneuroscientist,whostudieshowthebrainproducesmentalactivities,andhercolleaguesbeganthisstudy.Theyrecruited(招募)40people.Ononeday,theparticipantshadtofast—noteatanythingatall—for10hours.Onanotherday,thesamepeoplewereplacedinaroomfor10hours.Theycouldn'tseeanyone.Nofriends,nofamilyandnosocialmedia.Theyweren'tevenallowedtochecktheiremail.Afterbothdays,TomovaandhercolleaguesputthepeopleinaMRImachine.Itshowsactivityinthebrainbytrackinghowmuchbloodisflowingtoeachregion.Attheendofeachday,theparticipantsshowedhighactivityinabrainareacalledthemidbrain.Thescientistswereinterestedintwo,smallareaswithinit.Bothareasproducedopamine,achemicalthatisimportantincravingandrewards.Thetwoareasactivatedwhenhungryparticipantssawpicturesoftastypizzaorjuicyhamburgers.Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainareasbecameactivewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwithfriends.Themidbrainplaysanimportantpartinpeople'smotivationtoseekfoodorfriends.Infact,itrespondstofoodandsocialsignalsevenwhenpeoplearen'thungryorlonely.Buthungerandlonelinessincreasedthereactionsandmadepeople'sresponsesspecifictothethingtheyweremissing.Andthemorehungerorisolationthevolunteerssaidtheywereexperiencing,thestrongertheactivityinthispartofthebrain.TomovaandhercolleaguespublishedtheirresultsNovember23inNatureNeuroscience.12．HowdoesTomovatestouttheresultofthestudy?A．Bystimulatingdesire. B．Bycontrollingbloodflow.C．Bymonitoringbrainactivity. D．Byexaminingmentalactivities.13．Whatdoweknowaboutmidbrain?A．Itconsistsoftwoareas. B．Ithelpsmotivatedesireforfood.C．Itstopsworkingwhenpeoplearefull. D．Itdecreasesresponsestolostfriends.14．Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inparagraph3referto?A．Amidbrainarea. B．Asocialactivity. C．Avolunteer. D．Ahamburger.15．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Dopamine—aSureSignofAge B．Midbrain—aNestfortheThoughtsC．HungerMakesMentalHealthStruggle D．LonelinessMakesOurBrainsNeedPeople（共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分）Don’tyouthinkwalkinginthecityisverydifferentfromwalkinginthepark？Asmallpsychologystudysuggestsurbanenvironmentscanslowyourstepandpossiblyincreaseyourmentalload.16.Itcaneaseyourmindandquickenyourpace.Thefindingsshowthatnaturalsettingsmaypotentiallyreducecognitive（认知的）tirednessandimprovereactiontimesstraightaway.17Thefirstofthetwoexperimentsinthenewstudyfocusedonpeople’swayofwalkingandcognitiveload.Duringthistrial,participantswerefittedwithsensorsandadozenmotioncontrolcamerasweresetuptowatchthemrepeatedlywalkdowna15-metreroomattheirnaturalspeed.Thewalloppositethemshowedanimageofeitheranaturesceneoracityscene.18Onthewhole,whenwalkingincitysettings,peoplereportedthattheyfeltmoreuncomfortableandtheywalkedataslowerpace,indicatingahighercognitiveload.19Participantswereaskedtodistinguishbetweenbasicvisualshapesonthecomputerwhilealsointhepresenceofanaturalorurbanimage(thesameonesfromthefirstexperiment).Measuringreactiontimesinbothnaturalandurbansettings,theteamfoundresultstosupporttheiridea.Inurbanenvironments,participantswereslowerindistinguishingbetweensimpleshapes.20Ourbrainstakelongertoprocess.However,moreresearchisneededtoprovethatidea.A．Natureinfluencesusinmanyways.B．Awalkthroughnaturedoestheopposite,though.C．Thereasonisthaturbanenvironmentsaremoredistracting.D．Theysaidtheycouldn’tconcentrateproperlyafterwalking.E．Theseconddugintosomehigher-levelcognitiveprocesses.F．Aftereach,participantswereaskedtoratetheirdiscomfort.G．Differentapproachesareemployedintheseparateexperiment.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）（共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。OnedayGaryandhispartnerweredivingintheseawhentwoAtlanticsealsappearedoutofnowhereandtookthembysurprise.Thetwodiverswerewell-trainedandhadbeentaughtnotto21animalsintheirnaturalhabitat,sotheytriedtostayas22aspossible.However,thesealsweresocuriousandplayfulthattheybegan23themslowly.Garyrealizedthiswouldbea24chance,sohetookhiscameraoutand25whatcouldhappennext.Itseemedlikea26atthetime.ThesealsswamcloserandcloserandJamesandhispartner27thesealswerejustbabies!Thetwodiverscouldnotbelievetheireyes,norwouldtheymissoutthisonce-in-a-lifetime28.Tokeeponfilming,theystayedcalmandgentleinordernotto29thebabysealsaway.Luckily,thesealsdidn’tleavebutstartedgoingaroundthedivers,30theywantedtomakefriendswiththem.Oneofthesealsheldoutitsflippers(鱼鳍)andshook“31”withthedivers,whocould32believewhatwashappeningtothem.Therecordofthewholescenewentviralandbecamevery33ontheInternet.Garyhopestoconveyaclear34thattheunderwaterworldisbeautifulandimpressive,butatthesametimeitsuffersfrompollutionand35.Whenyouseethesephotosandvideos,couldyoutoleratesomeonewantingtodestroyit?21．A．hunt B．disturb C．raise D．observe22．A．positive B．independent C．silent D．still23．A．dragging B．chasing C．approaching D．touching24．A．dangerous B．wonderful C．frightening D．simple25．A．recorded B．announced C．discussed D．imagined26．A．fact B．condition C．truth D．miracle27．A．noticed B．expected C．remembered D．doubted28．A．choice B．accident C．opportunity D．secret29．A．block B．catch C．scare D．wake30．A．eventhough B．asif C．sothat D．eversince31．A．signals B．tails C．notes D．hands32．A．actually B．quickly C．hardly D．gradually33．A．ordinary B．important C．specific D．popular34．A．belief B．tradition C．religion D．custom35．A．experiment B．destruction C．failure D．adventure第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The“Beijing2022WinterOlympicsNight”galawasheldonMondayinRome.OverahundredguestsfromItalianpolitical,cultural,andbusinesscircles36(attend)theevent,includingRiccardoSessa,37servedasItalianambassadortoChinaduringtheBeijingOlympies,andPatriziaPrestipino,representativeoftheSportsCommissionoftheItalianChamberofDeputies.Sessasaidinhisspeechin2008hepersonallywitnessedthegrandoccasionofChinahostingtheOlympicGamesandhe38(touch)bytheChinesepeople’sconcertedefforts.AthletesfromallovertheworldhavealsoachievedgreatsuccessinBeijing,headded,39(say)theOlympicspiritisinternationalfriendship,brotherhoodandsisterhood,40itisalsoacompetitionandbreakthrough.ThisancientOlympicspirit,hesaid,willbepassedoninBeijing.“Todaywearegatheredheretosupportthe2022BeijingWinterOlympics.Ifirmlybelievethat41(it)openingceremonyandtheentireGameswillbeasbeautifuland42(success)asthe2008SummerOlympics,”Sessasaid.Aguzhenginstrumentalperformance,teaartceremonyandother43(event)stagedatthegalawere44(warm)welcomedbytheItalianguests.TheBeijing2022venuesandBeijingsceneryweredemonstratedthroughvideos.ThegalawasjointlyorganizedbytheItalianCinainItaliamagazineandtheChinaTouristOffice45Rome.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46．假定你是李华，你所在的城市突降暴雪。学生会组织全体同学明天扫雪，请你给交换生写一则英语通知，告知相关事宜，内容包括：1.暴雪情况；2.时间、地点；3.已备工具，注意保暖。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Notice________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Students’Union第二节（满分25分）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhenAidenaskedmetogowithhimonacampingtriptothemountains,Ithoughtitwouldmeanacottagewithawood-burningfireplaceandhotchocolate.Mycomfortableimageofcampingbecameanightmare(噩梦)whenAidenandhisolderbrother,Lebron,showedupwithcampingsupplies-tents,rolled-upsleepingbags,andcanteens!Ididpackabackpack,asinstructed,butIhadnoideaweweregoingonsurvivaltraining!Lebronhadaperfectplan,andhehurriedmetogetinsowecouldleavethebusycitylifebehindus.Ahead,themountainsappearedbiggerthanIhadrememberedthem:thetreeswerelarger,andtheenvironmentwasmuchmoredangerous.Atleasttheweatherwasamazing-cotton-candycloudsdottedthedeepbluesky.Beforewebeganhiking,LebronhadasleepingbagstuffedintomypackandtoldAidenandmeabouthikingrules.Thefirstpartoftheroadlookedeasy.Soon,thepathbecamenarrowerandrougher,forcingmetotalkless.Aswewenthigher,Icouldseetheroadzigzagging(蜿蜒)upthemountain.“Itlookscloserthanitis,”Lebronsaid,readingmyfacialexpressions.“Thisisthemostdifficultpart…watchyourstep,nottheview.Looserocksandtreerootsmaketheroaddangerous.”Finally,wereachedthetop.Mylegsaching,Idroppedmypackandcomplained.“Notimetorest,”Lebronsaid,lookingupatthesky.Theweatherhadbeenwarmallday,anditfeltgoodtorelaxinthecoolwind.“Theweatherupherechangesquickly,andthatcoolairmeansastormisaroundthecorner.Weneedtosetupcamp.”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。IthoughtLebronwaskidding,butwithoutdelaytheyworkedexpertly.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lebron,sensingthatIwasscared,reachedinhisbackpackforcandies.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________