2022年江苏省盐城市大学英语6级大学英语六级

2022年江苏省盐城市大学英语6级大学英语六级学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Despitemultipleauthors,thebookis______throughoutthetext.

2.Exercisesingratitude,kindnessandoptimismcanmakepeoplehappier--butonlyiftheykeepdoingthemandtheseexercises______.

3.ClimateChange

Scientistspredictincreasingdroughts,floodsandextremeweatherandsaythereisgrowingevidencethathumanactivitiesaretoblame.

WhatIsClimateChange?

Theplanet'sclimateisconstantlychanging.Theglobalaveragetemperatureiscurrentlyintheregionof15℃.Geologicalandotherevidencesuggeststhat,inthepast,thisaveragemayhavebeenashighas27℃andaslowas7℃.

Butscientistsareconcernedthatthenaturalfluctuation(波动)hasbeenovertakenbyarapidhuman-inducedwarmingthathasseriousimplicationsforthestabilityoftheclimateonwhichmuchlifeontheplanetdepends.

WhatIsthe"GreenhouseEffect"?

ThegreenhouseeffectreferstotheroleplayedbygaseswhicheffectivelytrapenergyfromtheSunintheEarth'satmosphere.Withoutthem,theplanetwouldbetoocoldtosustainlifeasweknowit.

Themostimportantofthesegasesinthenaturalgreenhouseeffectiswatervapor,butconcentrationsofthatarechanginglittleanditplaysalmostnoroleinmodemhuman-inducedgreenhousewarming.

Othergreenhousegasesincludecarbondioxide,methane(甲烷)andnitrous(含氮的)oxide,whicharereleasedbymodernindustry,agricultureandtheburningoffossilfuels.Theirconcentrationintheatmosphereisincreasing—theconcentrationofcarbondioxidehasrisenbymorethan30%since1800.

ThemajorityofclimatescientistsacceptthetheorythatanincreaseinthesegaseswillcauseariseintheEarth'stemperature.

WhatIstheEvidenceofWarming?

Temperaturerecordsgobacktothelate19thcenturyandshowthattheglobalaveragetemperatureincreasedbyabout0.6℃inthe20thcentury.

Sealevelshaverisen10～20cm—thoughttobecausedmainlybytheexpansionofwarmingoceans.

MostglaciersintemperateregionsoftheworldandalongtheAntarcticPeninsulaareinretreat,andrecordsshowArcticsea-icehasthinnedby40%inrecentdecadesinsummerandautumn.

Thereareanomalies(异常)however—partsof.theAntarcticappeartobegettingcolder,andtherearediscrepanciesbetweentrendsinsurfacetemperaturesandthoseinthetroposphere(对流层)(thelowerportionoftheatmosphere).

HowMuchWillTemperaturesRise?

Ifnothingisdonetoreduceemissions,currentclimatemodelspredictaglobaltemperatureincreaseof1.4～5.8℃by2100.

Evenifwecutgreenhousegasemissionsdramaticallynow,scientistssaytheeffectswouldcontinuebecausepartsoftheclimatesystem,particularlylargebodiesofwaterandice,cantakehundredsofyearstorespondtochangesintemperature.Italsotakesgreenhousegasesintheatmospheredecadestobreakdown.

Itispossiblethatwehavealreadyirrevocably(不可撤回地)committedtheGreenlandicesheettomelting,whichwouldcauseanestimated7mriseinsealevel.TherearealsoindicationsthatthewestAntarcticicesheetmayhavebeguntomelt.thoughscientistscautionfurtherresearchisnecessary.

HowWilltheWeatherChange?

Globally,wecanexpectmoreextremeweatherevents,withheatwavesbecominghotterandmorefrequent.Scientistspredictmorerainfalloverall,butsaytheriskofthoughtininlandareasduringhotsummerswillincrease.Morefloodingisexpectedfromstormsandrisingsealevels.

Thereare,however,likelytobeverystrongregionalvariationsinthesepatterns,andtheseeredifficulttopredict.

WhatWilltheEffectsBe?

Thepotentialimpactishuge,withpredictedfreshwatershortages,sweepingchangesinfoodproductionconditions,andincreasesindeathsfromfloods,storms,heatwavesanddroughts.Poorercountries,whichareleastequippedtodealwithrapidchange,willsuffermost.

Plantandanimalextinctionsarepredicte

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

Americans'shortcomingsinsciencearevast,andunfortunately______ismakingeffortstodefeatthem.

5.HowtoLovetheWorldAsItIs?

Itstruckmerecentlythatalotofpeoplethinktheyknowwhat'swrongwiththisworld,anditalsostruckmethatthey'reallwrong.

Seriously-almosteverypoliticalandreligiousgroup,everyopinionatedperson,everypublicationwithanopinion,hassaidatonetimeoranotherwhattheythinkiswrongwiththisworld.

Sowhat'sreallywrongwiththeworld,inmyopinion?

Notathing.

ThePrevailingWorld-view

Itseemstobeaprevailingworld-viewthattheworldismessedup,thattherearejustafewthingswrongwithit,andifwecouldonlygetthosethingstochange,theworldwouldbegreat.Ifwecouldjusteducatepeopleandgetthemtorealizewhat'swrongwiththisworld,thingscouldchange.

Thistypeofviewoftheworld-andlikeIsaid,Ithinkit'stheprevailingview-stemsfromanidealthatmanypeoplehaveintheirheadsofwhattheworldshouldbelike.Theymightnotrealizetheyhavethatideal,butit'sthere.AndtheworldwillneverreachthisPlatonicideal,becauseit'sjustthisimageofperfectionthatdoesnotmatchreality.Realityandthisidealareincompatible.

SoWhat'sWrongwithThat?

Nothing'swrongwiththat,actually.That'showmostpeopleare,andIdon'tthinkIcanchangethat,norwouldIwantto.Ithoughtitwouldbeaninterestingdiscussion,though,becauseIthinkthisdiscrepancybetweenwhatpeoplethinktheworldshouldbeandwhattheworldreallyiscancauseunhappiness.

Ifyouwanttheworldtobecompletelyvegetarianandkindtoanimals,anditisn'tandwon'tbeintheforeseeablefuture,youwillmostlikelybeunhappy.Ifyouwanttheworldtogobacktohowitwasduringyourchildhood,orduringyourparents'generation,anditisn'tlikelytodoso,you'renotgoingtobehappy.

Thesameistrueofanyofourideals.It'sverypossiblethattherealityofthepeopleinyourlifedon'tmeettheseideals.Thatmightcauseyoutobeunhappywiththem.

Whenrealitydoesn'tmeetideals-anditrarelydoes-webecomeunhappy.

SoWhat'stheAlternative?

I'mnotproposingthatyou,oranyoneelse,changeyourworld-view.Ifyou,oranyoneelse,arehappywiththatworld-view,don'tchangeit.

Butthereisanalternative,andI'mnotsayingit'sbetter.It'stheworld-viewItrytohave:insteadofhavinganideal,stoplookingforperfection.Accepttheworldasitis,andloveitforwhatitis.Acceptpeopleastheyare,andlovethem.

Whatwouldbetheresultofthisalternativeworld-view?Well,Ithinkyou'dbehappier,ifonlybecauseyoudidn'tseetheworldasafundamentallyflawedorevilplace,andbegantoseethegoodintheworld.This,however,isopentoindividualinterpretation,andyourownexperienceislikelytobedifferentthanmine.

Doesthismeanthatweshouldgiveupontryingtomakepositivechangesintheworld?Shouldwestoptryingtomaketheworldabetterplace?No!Don'teverstoptryingtodogoodthings!Eveniftheworldisalreadyagoodplace,wecanalwaysfindhappinessandsatisfactionintryingtodogood,intryingtomakepeople'slivesbetter.

Butwhataboutalltheevilandsufferingintheworld?Shouldweacceptandlovethataswell?That'sthetoughestpart,Ithink.It'shardtoacceptthatpeoplearedyingofdiseasesandfamineandwarandmurderandabuse,andperhapsimpossibletolovethataspectoftheworld.Youdon'thavetoloveit,butithelpstotrytoreallyunderstandit.Whydoesthishappen?Whatarethedeeperreasons?Attheheartofthedeepestreasonsishumanity-weareallflawedcreaturesinsomeway,andthat'swhatmakesushumanandbeautiful.

&nb

A.Theworldisinamess.

B.Humansdon'tknowwhat'swrongwiththeworld.

C.Theworldispromising.

D.Humanscan'tgetadjustedtothechangingworld.

6.

______workswhenpatientstalkfreelyaboutthingstroublingthemandthenlearntocontroltheirfears.

7.

ManyGermaninternationalcorporationsholdintroductoryChinesecoursesforemployeesassignedworkinChinabecausetheywanttheirstaffbecomeinterestedinChina.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Feldmanfindsthatwildanimalsalsotakedeceptiveactionswhen______.

A.theirfoodgetsscarce

B.theirlifeisendangered

C.theyfightformoreterritory

D.theymovetoanewhabitat

9.

AsinthestoryofMickey,AmyandJoey,agossipmaycause______tothegossiped.

10.

Thesystemblockscallswhen______.

11.

Howdidcableproviderssolvetheproblemoftheearliestcablesystems?

A.Theystrategicallyplacedantennaswithverylongcablesconnectingtosubscribers'televisionsets.

B.Theymadethesignalfromtheantennatravelthroughthelengthofcable.

C.Theyinsertedamplifiersatregularintervals.

D.Theyincreasedthelengthofcable.

12.

Tocertainextent,GMcropsareregardedas______sincethegeneinsertedintoaplantcannotbeseen,tastedortouched.

13.

TheFlightSimulatorsucceededbychance.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.What'sthepurposeofthemanufacturers'addingaswitchtomostnewtelevisionsets?

A.Tomakemoremoney.

B.Tospreadthecablesystem.

C.Tomakeordinaryviewingpossible.

D.Toadapttothenewdevelopmentofthecablesystem.

15.

Smokersareeasytosufferfrominflammatoryheadachesbecausesmokingcancause______.

16.

JaffepointsoutthattheeffectofAIDSon______societyisevengreaterthanthenumbersofdeath.

17.

Besidesthefeatureof"doingmorewithless",thesphericalstructureofdomecanalsoallownatural______withoutobstruction.

18.

AccordingtotheindustryexpertsatASPO,theproductionofoilwilldecreasesignificantlyintheworldby2008.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Theauthorsaysthebestwaytoensuretherightsizeofabikeforyouistoalterthepositionofthehandlebarsandtheseat

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

AftertheresignationofIndonesianPresidentin1998,IndonesianChineseresidentssenttheirchildrentoschooloffering______inthebeliefthat"ChinesechildrenshouldlearnChinese".

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.

【B4】

22.听力原文：M:IwonderifIcouldborrowyourelectronicdictionary,please?

W:YoucertainlycouldifIhadone,butIgavemyoldonetomybrotherwhenheenteredhighschool,andIhavenotboughtanewoneyet.

Q:Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherelectronicdictionary?

(14)

A.Shehasboughtanewone.

B.Herbrotherhasjustgivenherone.

C.Shehasonlyanoldone,

D.Shehasnoneatpresent.

23.听力原文：Toooftenyoungpeoplegetthemselvesemployedquitebyaccident,notknowingwhatliesinthewayofopportunityforpromotion,happinessandsecurity.Asaresult,theyareemployeddoingjobsthataffordthemlittleornosatisfaction.Ourschoolgraduatesfacesomuchcompetitionthattheyseldomcarewhattheydesolongastheycanearnaliving.Somestaylongatajobandlearntolikeit,othersmovefromonejobtoanotherlookingforsomethingtosuitthem.TheyounggraduateswholeavetheuniversitylookforJobsthatofferasalaryuptotheirexpectations.Veryfewgooutintotheworldknowingexactlywhattheywantandrealizingtheirownabilities.Thereasonbehindallthisconfusionisthatthereneverhasbeenapropervocationalguidanceinoureducationalinstitutions.Nearlyallgropeinthedarkandtheirchiefconcernwhentheylookforajobistoaskwhatthesalaryislike.Theyneverbothertothinkwhethertheyaresuitedforthejobor,evenmoreimportant,whetherthejobsuitsthem.Havingajobismorethanmerelyprovidingyourselfandyourdependentswithdailybreadandsomemoneyforleisureandentertainment.Itsetsapatternoflifeandinmanyways,determinessocialstatusinlife,selectionoffriends,leisureandinterests.

Inchoosingacareeryoushouldfirstconsiderthetypeofworkwhichwillsuityourinterests,Nothingismoresadthantakingonajobinwhichyouhavenointerest,foritwillnotonlydiscourageyourdesiretosucceedinlifebutalsowasteyourtalentsandultimately,makeyouanemotionalwreckandabitterperson.

(30)

A.Becausetheywanttoearnhighsalary.

B.Becauseschoolsdonotteachstudentshowtochoosejobs.

C.Becausetherehasbeenseverecompetitioninthejobmarket.

D.Becausetheyhavenoworkingexperience.

24.(35)

A.Writing.B.Science.C.English.D.Mathematics.

25.(20)

A.Becausesheownedacar.

B.Becauseshedrovesowell.

C.Becauseitwasherchildhooddream.

D.Becauseshelikedthehandsomeuniformsofthetaxidrivers.

26.

【B5】

27.(43)

28.(24)

A.Theymayhavetoobeycertainhousingrules.

B.Adepositmayberequiredtorentanapartment.

C.Apartmentsareverylimitedoncampus.

D.Theyhavetodothehouseworkthemselves.

29.(25)

A.BecausepeoplegivetoomuchtimetotheInternet.

B.BecausepeoplehavemorefriendsontheInternet.

C.Becausepeoplehavelessface-to-faceconversationsthanbefore.

D.Becausepeoplestayathomelongerthanbefore.

30.(31)

A.75000B.50000C.25000D.100000

31.(13)

A.Maryshouldselectanothercourseinstead.

B.Someonehasbrokendowntheelectivesystem.

C.Maryshouldcheckoutoncemorerightnow.

D.Marystillhasachancetoregistertheclassthissemester.

32.

【B8】

33.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Ironically,intheUnitedStates,acountryofimmigrants,prejudiceanddiscriminationcontinuetobeseriousproblems.Therewasoftentensionbetweeneachestablishedgroupofimmigrantsandeach【B1】______group.Aseachgroupbecamemore【B2】______successful,andmorepowerful,theyexcludednewcomersfromfullparticipationinthesociety.PrejudiceanddiscriminationarepartofAmericanhistory;however,thisprejudicialtreatmentofdifferentgroupsisnowheremore【B3】______thanwithblackAmericans.

Blackshad【B4】______disadvantages.Forthemostpart,theycametothelandofopportunityasslavesandtheywerenotfreetokeeptheirheritageandcultural【B5】______UnlikemostEuropeanimmigrants,blacksdidnothavetheprotectionofasupportgroup.Theycouldnotmixeasilywiththe【B6】______societyeitherbecauseoftheirskincolor.ItwasdifficultforthemtoadapttotheAmericanculture.Evenaftertheybecamefreepeople,theystill【B7】______discriminationinemployment,housingandeducation.

Untilthetwentiethcentury,the【B8】______oftheblackpopulationlivedinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.ThentherewasapopulationshifttothelargecitiesintheNorth.PrejudiceagainstblacksisoftenassociatedwiththeSouth.

【B9】______.Becausetheirneighborhoodsaresegregated,manyblacksfeelthateducationalopportunitiesarenotadequatefortheirchildren.【B10】______.Naturally,allparentswantthebestpossibleeducationfortheirchildren.

【B11】______.Timewillbetherealsolutiontotheproblemofrace.

【B1】

34.(22)

A.Heisplanningoncallingafriendwhoownsanapartmentbuilding.

B.Hewillcheckthenewspaperstoseeifhecanfindanapartmentforrent.

C.HewillputanadvertisementonthelocalBBS.

D.Heisgoingtovisitanapartmentbuildingnearhisplace.

35.(36)

A.Toillustratetheimportanceofthespeaker'sresearch.

B.Totellthedifferenceof"self-respect"and"self-esteem".

C.Topersuadepeoplenottobeconcernedwith"self-esteem".

D.Toexplainwhysomepeoplearemorepronetoguiltandstress.PassageThree

36.(29)

A.AmyJohnson'slifestoryasafemaleflyer.

B.AmyJohnson'sgreatcontributiontoaviation.

C.AmyJohnson'sdeterminationtobeapilot.

D.AmyJohnson'sflighttoAustralia.

37.听力原文：M:Andnow,Mrs.Smith,canyoutelluswhathappenedatyourapartmentwhentheearthquakeended?

W:Oh,itwasterrible.I'llneverforgetit.Well,JackandIalwaysgetupataboutaquartertofive.Hehastoworkearly.Yousee,whileIwasinthekitchenpreparingbreakfast,thequakecame.Therewasthishorriblesoundandthefloorwasjustbouncingandrollinglikewave,allatthesametime.

M:Thenwhatdidyoudo?

W:Well,wefigureoutitwasanearthquake.ThenIcrawledunderthetable,andIshoutedatJacktocome.Buthejuststoodthere.

M:Whoa!

W:Itlasted24seconds,andthenitstopped.AndJackandIcouldhearpeopletalkingoutside,sowetriedtogoouttothefrontdoor,butitwasjammedshut.Andthenthefirstaftershockhit.

M:That'sincredible.Thenwhatdidyouguysdo?

W:Well,Irememberthatsomeoneshouted,"Getoutofthere,quickly!"Jacksaid:"We'llgooutofthewindow."ButIcalledout:"It'stoohighup,"becausewewerelivingonthesecondfloor."Notanymore,"Jackshoutedback.So,welookedoutofthewindowand,sureenough,weweredownontheground!

M:Yoursecondfloorapartmentwasontheground?

W:Wecouldn'tbelieveit.Weopenedthewindowandcrawledout.Onceweweredownsafely,weturnedaroundandlookedbackatourapartmentbuilding.Thewholefirstwasgone—itwasjusttotallyflattened.

M:Mrs.Smith,doyoumeanthatthewholefirstfloorwasgone?

W:Yes,thefirstfloorwasgone.

M:Andwhataboutyourapartment?

W:Theapartment,canyoubelieveit,hadmovedandstoodthere.

M:Incredible,Mrs.Smith,absolutelyincredible.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.Atwhattimedoesthewomangetupeverymorning?

20.WhatwasJack'sfirstreactionaftertheearthquakecame?

21.Whydidthewomanandherhusbandgetdownonthegrounddirectlyaftercrawlingoutofthewindow?

22.Whatwasthewoman'sapartmentlikeaftertheearthquake?

(23)

A.5:15.B.4:45.C.0.239583D.0.177083

38.听力原文：M:Ihopethatyoucanunderstandmyreasonfordecidingtoleave,Mrs.Smith．

W:DoIhavetoremindyouthatwehaveinvestedalotoftimeandmoneyinyourcareerhere?

Q:HowdoesMrs.Smithreply?

(16)

A.Sheisannoyed.

B.Sheiscareless.

C.Sheisunderstanding.

D.Sheisapologetic.

39.

【B2】

40.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:Holditrightthere.Putyourhandsagainstthewall.

M:ButIwasjustcheckingtobesurethedoorwaslocked.

Q:Towhomisthesecondspeakerprobablytalking?

(12)

A.Adoctor.B.Arepairman.C.Apoliceofficer.D.Anactress.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Environmentliterallyis"thatwhichenvironsorsurrounds".Thetermisusedinvariouswaysinacademicdiscourse.Inbiologyandpsychology,environmentisfrequentlyjuxtaposed(相提并论)toheredity,inanexhaustivedivisionofthecausesthatshapethecharacteroflivingthings.Heredityreferstowhatis【C1】______transmitted,environmenttowhatisgivenexternally.Muchofthedebatehasfocusedontheirrelativeimportance,andenvironmentitselfisusuallygivenlittle【C2】______content.Inotherusagestheenvironmentissimplythe(delimited)socialcontextinwhichtheindividual(oranylivingorganism)islocated,andtheemphasisisonissuesofadaptationandadjustmenttothisenvironment,asinJeanPiaget'sworkon【C3】______development.

Thenaturalenvironment,forallitspotentialsignificancetosociologyastheterritoryinwhichhumanactionoccursandasitselfmodifiedbyhumanagency,israrelyconstrued(解释)insocialterms;untilrecentlyitfeaturedlittleinsociologicalthinkingbeyondreferencestotheheredity【C4】______environmentdebate.Significantly,thecurrentsocialandpoliticalattentiongiventotheenvironmentconcentratesonthephysicalworld—ontowns,houses,thecountryside,andnaturalresourcessuchasairandwater—albeit(尽管)anenvironmentrecognizedtobenotjustamatterofnaturebutalsoofhuman【C5】______.Inthisinterpretationthetermcontrastswithconceptslikecommunity,society,andsocialgroupthat【C6】______socialrelationsratherthanphysicalandmaterialconditions.However,itispreciselythefocusonthespecificitiesandimpactofthematerialworldandonthewayitissociallyconstructedthatproducesthepotentialofanenvironmentalsociology.

Sincethe1980s,thesociologyoftheenvironmenthasemergedasanidentifiablespecialismwithinthe【C7】______,althoughitisstillratherlooselydefined.Amongthetopicslikelytobeencounteredinanyofthestandardtextsnowavailablewillbethefollowing:theroleofindustrialismingeneratingenvironmental【C8】______;thestructuralandsocialoriginsofenvironmentalmovements;thecontentandinfluenceof【C9】______politicsandparties;theenvironmentalimplicationsofurbanizationandglobalization;theproblemsofsecuringsustainabledevelopment;andwidertheoreticalissuessuchasthepossibleconflictbetweenanon-exploitativeapproachtonatureandthecontinuedcommitmenttoEnlightenmentvaluessuchasthoseofdemocracy,humanrights,andthe【C10】______ofprogress.

A.cognitiveI.Green

B.ulcerJ.tenured

C.pursuitK.versus

D.disciplineL.highlight

E.degradationM.wretched

F.geneticallyN.substantive

G.volleyO.generally

H.intervention

【C1】

42.

bynomeansinthefirstparagraphmeans______.

A.withoutdoubtB.hardlynotC.probablynotD.innoway

43.Thepurposeofthetransgenicengineeringresearchisto______.

A.getpigsoflargersizeinashortertime

B.makesowsproducemoremilk

C.makecowsproducemoremilk

D.makepigsgrowmoreleanmeat

44.

Howmighttheteacherfindhimselfwastinglessontime?

A.Byspendinglessontimeonpronunciation.

B.Bynotusingbooksonspeechmechanicsonpronunciation.

C.Bynotgivingstudentsaclearmentalpictureofthedifferencebetweensounds.

D.Bymakingill-informedcommentsuponstudents'pronunciation.

45.Accordingtothetext,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe______.

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflowwageworkers

B.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwages

C.establishmenterasystemofrecordkeepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalence,amonglowwageworkersandtheunemployed,ofmembersoffamiliesinwhichothersareemployed

46.

TheauthordevelopsthediscussioninparagraphIbymeansof______.

A.describingaprocess

B.classifyingtypesofworksheets

C.providinghistoricalbackground

D.explainingatheory

47.

Theicebergsaredangerousbecausetheyarehidden______andcanturnoverunexpectedly.

48.

Itcanbeinferredthatit'sthesafestforkidsto______.

49.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Withhandwrittendocuments,itisnotjustscholarswhoarefrustratedbytheirinaccessibility.Somesophisticatedhandwritingrecognitionsystemsareinuse.ButDr.Manmathasaidtheexperiencedevelopedfromthosesystemswasnotparticularlyuseful.Thecurrentsystemshavetocopewithonlyalimitedrangeofmaterial—forexample,namesandaddresses—writteninaconsistentformat.Ontopofthat,postalsystemshavelargenumbersofhumanreadersasbackups,somethingthatwouldn'tbepossibleforamanuscript.searchengine.

TheybeganbyworkingonavariationofanapproachusedtosearchdigitalphotographsandtheCongressdocuments,tryingtomatchspecifictypewrittenletterswithdigitalimagesoftheirhandwrittencounterparts.ButDr.Manmathasaidtheinherentvariationsinhandwritingquicklymadethatapproachtoocumbersome.

TheproblemwasalsomademoredifficultbythefactthatWashingtondictatedtoseveralsecretariesandwrotesomeofhisletterspersonally.Theresultisthathispaperscontainatleastfivehandwritingstyles.Thebreakthroughcamefromlookingatresearchintohowpeopleread,Dr.Manmathasaid.Ratherthananalyzingindividualletters,hesaid,peoplelookatwordsandevenpartsofsentencesaswholeunits.Todevelopsoftwarethatwouldtakeasimilarholisticapproach,Dr.ManmathaturnedtoanideadevelopedtoletsearchengineusersenterqueriesintheirownlanguagetofindWebpageswritteninanotherlanguage.Ratherthanmappingwordsbetweenthetwolanguagesoneforone,thosesystemsrelyonsoftwarethatistrainedtospotcommonground.

Outsideofaccuracy,thereweretwothingsthatneededimprovementinthesystem.ItcangenerallycopewiththedifferenceinthewritingstylesinWashington'spapersbecausetheycontainbroadsimilarities.Butsomewhatlikevoicerecognitionsoftware,theprogramhastoberetrainedbeforeitcandigestdocumentsinasignificantlydifferenthand.Dr.Manmathasaidthateliminatingorminimizingthatretrainingstepwouldbedifficult,butthathebelieveditwouldbepossible.

Accordingtothepassage,whyarehandwrittendocumentshardofaccessontheweb?

A.Theamountofsuchdocumentsishugeandhardtoread.

B.Handwritingdiffersgreatlyfrompersontoperson.

C.Handwritingshavenevergotdefinitedigitalcounterparts.

D.Lesspeoplearewillingtoreadhandwritingstoday.

50.

Bysayingthat"Studentshavemixedviews"(Para.2),theauthormeansthat______.

A.studentshavedifferentattitudestowardsbeingseparatedbysex

B.girlsandboysthinkdifferentlyabouttheeffectofsingle-sexclass

C.studentshavedifferen