高二英语人教版必修八讲义UNIT2SECTIONⅣ

Ⅰ.Skimthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．Whyshouldn'tyoucloneanextinctanimalifthereisn'tenoughdiversityinthegroup?Therewillnotbeenoughgeneticvariationinthegrouptobeabletoresistnewillnesses.2．Whyisitwrongtocloneanextinctanimalifitwouldhavetoliveinazoo?Because_it_is_not_a_suitable_habitat_to_develop_and_increase_its_numbers,_and_the_zoo_is_not_a_natural_environment_for_a_wild_animal.3．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?“The_return_of_the_dinosaurs〞_is_either_impossible_or_unsuitable.Ⅱ.Choosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．ThefilmJurassicA．peopleareinterestedinthesubjectofcloningfierceandextinctwildanimalsB．alltheactorsaredinosaursC．itwasdirectedbyascientistwhocloneddinosaursD．itprovesveryinteresting2．ThereasonswhyagroupofclonedanimalsallmightdieofthesameillnessdoNOTinclude________.A．theyhavethesamearrangementofgenesB．thereisnotenoughdiversityinthegrouptoovereillnessesC．theillnessisanewoneD．theirarrangementofgenescannotresistthatnewillness3．Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________.A．scientistsareexperimentingwithcloningdinosaursB．dinosaurswillneverreturntotheearthC．clonedanimalswillonlyliveinthezooD．theDNAofdinosaurscanonlysurvive10,000years4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudeinthistext?A．Subjective. B．Positive.C．Favorable. D．Objective.答案：1～4ACBDⅠ.单词拼写1．Wewenttotheopera(歌剧院)lastnightandsawLa2．Iboughttwoloaves(条)ofbread,adozeneggsandsixbananasaltogetherinthesupermarket.3．Policearrivedatthesceneshortly(不久)aftermidnight.4．Wearingseatbeltsincarsispulsory(强制的)bylaw.5．Thebossowes(欠)me100poundsformywork.6．Lastnight,anearthquakestruck(侵袭)theplace,causingmuchdamage.7．Woulditbother(打搅)youifIputonsomemusic?8．Allthenewemployeesareaskedtolearnabouttherulesandregulations(规那么)ofthepanyandtheymustobeythem.Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．retirevi.退休；离开→retirementn．退休；离职2．assumptionn．假定；设想→assumev．假定；设想3．resistvt.反抗；对抗；耐得住→resistancen．反抗；对抗→resistantadj.反抗的；对抗的4．merelyadv.仅；只；不过→mereadj.仅仅的；纯粹的5．decorationn．装饰→decoratevt.装饰6．reasonableadj.合情理的；讲道理的；公正的→reasonn．理由；道理[巧记单词]例词规律派生词merelyadj.＋­ly→adv.retirementv.＋­ment→n.reasonablen.＋­able→adj.1．(be)boundto(do)...肯定或注定(做)……2．oone'sheart使……刻骨铭心3．fromtimetotime不时；间或4．bringbacktolife使复生；使复活5．invain白费劲气；枉费心机6．ingood/poorcondition状况良好/不好7．shortlyafter...在……之后不久8．experimentwith...用……做试验1．[教材原句]Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?她死得早是由于她是克隆羊吗？[句型点拨]形容词作状语，表示谓语动词发生时主语的状态。[佳句赏析]Toeveryone'ssurprise,themissingchildcamebacksafeandsound.令全部人惊讶的是，失踪的孩子安稳无恙地回来了。2．[教材原句]Diversityinagroupmeanshavinganimalswiththeirgenesarrangedindifferentways.群体的多样性是指一群动物的基因要以不同的方式排列。[句型点拨]with复合结构在句中作定语，该结构也常用作状语。[佳句赏析]Thechildwithonlyashirtonwastremblingwithcold.只穿着一件衬衫的那个孩子冻得直颤抖。3．[教材原句]Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie,butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.其优点是假如发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。[句型点拨]Theadvantageisthat...“优势是……〞，that在此处引导表语从句。[佳句赏析]Thedrawbackofthepopularityofcarsisthatitbringsaboutsomuchairpollution.汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严峻的空气污染。eq\a\vs4\al([课文对译])THERETURNOFTHEDINOSAURS?Thepossibilityofcloningfierceandextinctwildanimalshasalwaysexcitedfilmmakers.Andtheyarenottheonlyones!ThepopularityoffilmssuchasJurassicPark,inwhichascientistclonesseveralkindsofextinctdinosaurs,proveshowtheideastruckamixtureoffearandexcitementintopeople'shearts.Butinfactwearealongwayfrombeingabletocloneextinctanimals.Scientistsarestillexperimentingwithcloningmammals.Thisisbecausethecloningofmammalsisstillanewscienceanditsstoryonlybeganseriouslyinthe1950sasthislistshows：1950scloningoffrogs1970sresearchusingtheembryosofmice1979workonembryosofsheepandmice1981firstexperimentalclonesofmice1983firstexperimentalclonesofcows1996firstcloneofamammal:Dollythesheep2000cowgavebirthtoabison2001China'sfirstclonedtwincalves2002firstclonedcats2005firstcloneddog...Fromtimetotimepeoplesuggestthatextinctanimalslikedinosaurs,canpossiblybebroughtbacktolifethroughcloning.Unfortunately,withwhatweknownow,thisiseitherimpossibleorunsuitable.Therearemanyreasons.·TheinitialrequirementisthatyouneedperfectDNA(whichgivesinformationforhowcellsaretogrow)．·Alleffortsofcloningananimalwillbeinvainifthereisnotenoughdiversityinthegrouptoovereillnesses.Diversityinagroupmeanshavinganimalswiththeirgenesarrangedindifferentways.Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie,butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.Thegreatdrawbacktocloningagroupofanimalsisthattheywouldallhavethesamearrangementofgenesandsomightdieofthesameillness.Thennoneofthemwouldbelefttocontinuethespecies.·Itwouldbeunfairtocloneanyextinctanimalsiftheyweretoliveinazoo.Asuitablehabitatwouldbeneededforthemtoleadanaturallife.Basedonwhatweknownow,youcannotcloneanimalsthathavebeenextinctlongerthan10,000years.Actually,dinosaursdisappeared65,000,000yearsago.Sothechanceofdinosaurseverreturningtotheearthismerelyadream.恐龙会回归吗？克隆凶狠和灭亡的野生动物的可能性始终使电影制片商感到兴奋。然而他们并不是唯一对此感到兴奋的人！在?侏罗纪公园?这部影片中，有一位科学家克隆了好几种不同的绝种恐龙。类似这样的电影很受欢送，证明白这一想法使人们感到既恐惊又兴奋。但事实上，要想克隆绝种动物，我们还有很长的路程要走。科学家们现在还在进行克隆哺乳动物的试验，这是由于克隆哺乳动物仍旧还是一门新的科学，这是从20世纪50年月才开头进行仔细讨论的，如下表所示：20世纪50年月：克隆青蛙20世纪70年月：用老鼠胚胎进行讨论1979年：对羊和老鼠的胚胎进行讨论1981年：首次对老鼠进行试验性的克隆1983年：首次对母牛进行试验性的克隆1996年：首次克隆哺乳动物：多莉羊2000年：母牛生野牛2001年：中国首次克隆出双胞胎小牛2002年：首次克隆猫2005年：首次克隆狗……不时地会有人提议，克隆技术将有可能使地球上已经消逝的动物(如恐龙)复活。不幸的是，据我们现在所知这是不行能的，也是不相宜的。其缘由有许多：·首先要求你有完好的DNA(它供应有关细胞将如何生长的信息)。·假如某个动物群体没有足够的多样性以战胜疾病，那么克隆这种动物的全部努力都将是无用的。群体的多样性是指一群动物的基因以不同的方式排列。其优点是假如发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死去，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。经过克隆的动物群体的最大缺点是：它们的基因排列有可能完全相同，因而它们有可能会死于同一种疾病，这样它们可能一个也留不下来传宗接代了。·你假如克隆出任何绝种动物，而它们必需生活在动物园里，那是不公正的。它们需要适当的栖息地过正常的野生生活。就我们现在所知，你不行能克隆出那些已经绝种了一万年以上的动物。事实上恐龙在6500万年以前就已经消逝了。所以说恐龙回归地球的可能性仅仅是个幻想罢了。1．Youowetheladyanapology.(P13)你应当向那位女士抱歉。★owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……(1)owesb.sth.＝owesth.tosb.欠某人某物napology该向某人抱歉owesb.afavour欠某人一个人情(2)owe...to...把……归功于……oweittosb.that...……归功于某人(3)owingto由于；由于①Heowesthegarage50poundsfortherepairs.＝Heowes50poundstothegaragefortherepairs.他欠汽车修理厂50英镑的修理费。②Theirsuccessowesmoretogoodluckthantocarefulmanagement.他们的胜利与其说归功于细心的管理，倒不如说是归功于好的运气。③Heowes_it_to_his_doctor's_care_thatheisquitewellagain.他把自己的再次痊愈归功于医生的关心。④Heobtainedagreatchanceowing_tohisownefforts.由于自己的努力，他获得了一个绝好的时机。[联想]owingto表示“由于〞，与其意义相近的介词短语还有哪些？试完成以下短语。①dueto②becauseof③thanksto④asaresultof⑤onaccountof2．However,theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.(P14)但是，她后来得了严峻的肺病这个问题让科学家们感到苦恼。★bothervi.操劳vt.打搅n．苦恼(1)bothertodo/doingsth.费心做某事bothersb.with/aboutsth.为某事打搅或麻烦某人Itbotherssb.that/todosth....使某人苦恼的是……(2)putsb.tobother给某人添乱①Youdon'tbothergetting/togetdinnerformetoday,I'lleatout.今日，不要麻烦为我预备饭了，我要在外边吃。②Oneshouldnotbebotheredabout/withone'spersonalgainsorlosses.一个人不应当为个人得失而苦恼。③Wouldit_bother_youifwechangedthetime?假如我们更改时间，会给你造成不便吗？④Idon'twanttoput_him_to_any_bother,soItrydoingitbymyself.我不想给他添乱，所以，我试着靠自己做这件事。3．Dolly'sdeath,likeherbirth,wasboundtoraiseworries.(P14)多莉的死和她的生一样，注定要引起忧虑。★(be)boundto(do)...肯定或注定(做)……①Evenwhenwalkinginthepanyoftwoothermen,Iamboundtolearnfromthem.三人行，必有我师焉。beboundfor预备去……；即将前往……beboundupin热心于……；忙于……beboundupwith与……有亲密关系②It'ssaidthattheyareboundfortheWestCoast.据说他们要去西海岸。③Yourfutureis_bound_up_withthefateofyourmotherland.你的前途同祖国的命运紧密相连。4．Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone？(P14)她死得早是由于她是克隆羊吗？★形容词young在句中作状语，表示主语的状态。形容词(短语)作状语表示伴随、结果、缘由或让步等。作缘由状语时，相当于because从句，这时形容词短语通常放在句首。①Mr.Blackcamebackdrunkthatnight.布莱克先生那晚回来喝醉了。②Foramomentshejuststoodthere,unable_to_believewhathadjusthappened.她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢信任刚刚发生的事情。③Thirsty_and_hungry,shewentintotherestaurantandseatedherselfatalittletable.又渴又饿，她走进饭店，在一张小桌旁坐下来。5．ThepopularityoffilmssuchasJurassicPark,inwhichascientistclonesseveralkindsofextinctdinosaurs,proveshowtheideastruckamixtureoffearandexcitementintopeople'shearts.(P15)在?侏罗纪公园?这部影片中，有一位科学家克隆了好几种不同的绝种恐龙。类似这样的电影很受欢送，证明白这一想法使人们感到既恐惊又兴奋。★strikevt.&vi.打；撞击；罢工；打动；迷住；突然想起；侵袭；敲钟n．罢工写出以下句中strike的含义①ThevisitorswerestruckbythebeautyoftheWestLake②Thatareawasstruckbyasnowstorm.侵袭③Whentheclockstrikessix,thechildrengohomefordinner.敲钟④Theywereonstrikeforhigherpays.罢工⑤AsIwatchedthem,anideastruckme.突然想起(1)oone'sheart使……刻骨铭心bestruckby...被……打动eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(Sth.strikessb.,Itstrikessb.that/wh­...))某人突然想起……(2)be/goonstrike罢工⑥Thedeathofherfatherstruck_sadness_into_her_heart.她父亲的离世给她带来刻骨铭心的哀痛。⑦It_suddenly_struck_me_thatIshouldhavebeeninfavourofhim.我突然想到，我原来应当支持他的。[联想]请想一下表示“某人突然想到……〞的句式还有哪些？试完成以下句式。①Itoccurred_tosb.eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.,that从句))②Sth.hit/occurred_tosb.6．Fromtimetotimepeoplesuggestthatextinctanimalslikedinosaurs,canpossiblybebroughtbacktolifethroughcloning.(P15)不时有人提出，像恐龙那样已经灭亡的动物可能会通过克隆使之复生。★fromtimetotime不时；间或①Itneedssomerestfromtimetotime,inordertorechargeitselfandyourbody.它需要不时地休息，这才能确保它自己和你的身体都重新布满精力。[联想]除了“fromtimetotime〞外，由time构成的高频短语还有哪些？试完成以下短语。①intime准时；终究②ontime按时；准时③attimes时常④allthetime始终⑤atthesametime同时⑥innotime立即⑦atnotime决不；在任何时候都不⑧atonetime曾经；一度⑨atatime一次；每次★bring...backtolife使复苏；使复活②Onlybyhardworkcanwebringourhometownbacktolife.只有通过艰苦的劳动才能使我们的家乡恢复生气。③Thedoctordidallhecouldtobring_him_back_to_life.这位大夫竭尽全力让他清醒过来。bringabout引起bringup培育；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐bringin引来；引进；吸引bringdown使倒下；削减；降低(价格、温度)④Thegovernmentistakingmeasuresto_bring_downthehouseprice.政府正实行措施降低房价。[联想]由life构成的短语还有哪些？试完成以下短语。①allone'slife终生；一辈子②live/leada...life过着……的生活③makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等④e(back)tolife清醒；复苏；醒来7．Alleffortsofcloningananimalwillbeinvainifthereisnotenoughdiversityinthegrouptoovereillnesses.(P15)假如某个动物的群体没有足够的多样性以战胜疾病，那么克隆这种动物的一切努力将是徒劳的。★invain白费劲气；枉费心机①Ourpowerwassoweakthatalloureffortstosaveourhomesfromtheearthquakewereinvain.我们的力气是如此微弱，以至于我们从地震中挽救家园的全部努力都白费了。(1)tryinvaintodosth.枉费心机地做某事(2)vainadj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的avainattempt/effort徒劳的尝试/努力②Wetried_in_vain_tomakeherchangehermind.我们想让她转变办法，但白费劲气。③Theymadevainattemptstoreachthetopofthemountain.他们尝试了几次想登上山顶，但都失败了。[联想]试完成以下“in＋n.〞构成的短语。①inreality/fact/effect事实上②introuble处于逆境③inreturn作为回报；作为回应④inturn轮番；反过来⑤inshort简言之⑥inplace在适当的位置⑦incase以防万一⑧inpeace和平地⑨inneed需要⑩indanger处于危急中8．...butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.(P15)……另外一些却能存活下来，并把这种免疫力传给下一代。★resistvt.反抗；对抗；忍住①Sheisoverweight,butshestillcan'tresistthetemptationtoeatmoredeliciousfood.她都超重了，但还是抵抗不住美食的诱惑。(1)resistdoingsth.反抗做某事can't/couldn'tresist(doing)sth.忍不住(做)某事(2)resistancen.抗拒；反对resistanceto对……的反对/抗拒(3)resistantadj.反抗力；有反抗力的beresistantto对……有反抗力②Shecouldn'tresistlaughing(laugh)whenherteachertoldafunnyjokeinclass.当她的老师在班上讲滑稽笑话时，她忍不住大笑。③Iprefertheplantsthatare_resistant_tobadclimate.我比拟喜爱那些对恶劣的气候有反抗力的植物。[点津]resist表示“忍住〞时常与表示否认意义的can't/canhardly/benotableto等连用；resist后接动词­ing形式作宾语，不接不定式。9．ThedodobecameextinctfairlyrecentlysoitsDNAisstillingoodcondition.(P17)渡渡鸟是最近才灭亡的，所以它的DNA仍旧保存完好。★ingood/poorcondition状况/状况很好/很坏①Inmyopinion,theshipisinpoorconditiontomakealongvoyage.在我看来，此船的状况很坏不相宜远航。outofcondition健康状况欠佳oncondition(that)...在……条件下；倘假设……on/undernocondition一点也不；决不(放在句首时，用局部倒装语序)working/living/studyingconditions工作/生活/学习环境②Heissuchanill­temperedmanthatonnoconditionwillIteamupwithhim.他的脾气太急躁了，无论如何我都不会和他合作。③Youcangoswimmingon_condition_thatyoudon'tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。④Iwenttohishomeandfoundhisliving_conditionswereworseoffthanmine.我去他家，发觉他家的生活条件比我家还差。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theyareboundto_take(take)timetoreadjustafteraholiday.2．Thelittlegirlcouldn'tresistasking(ask)herparentstobuyherabeautifulskirt.3．Having_retired(retire)fromthepany,Mr.Zhoutookupfishingashisnewhobby.4．Mysisterisverystubborn,soitisinvaintochangehermind.5．WhenaskedabouthissuccessintheTVinterview,heowedittohisfamily.6．Doesitbotheryouthatmysonplaysthepianoeverynight?7．WewerestruckbythebeautyoftheSummer8．Withhiskeylost(lose),hecouldn'tgetintotheoffice.Ⅱ.句型转换1．Youshouldtellhimwhathashappenedonnocondition.(改为倒装句)→Onnoconditionshouldyoutellhimwhathashappened.2．Itbothersmenottohavetoldhimthetruth.(同义句转换)→ItbothersmethatIhaven'ttoldhimthetruth.3．Crusoestaredatthefootprintandwasfulloffear.(用形容词短语作状语改写)→Crusoestaredatthefootprint,fulloffear.Ⅲ.完成句子1．Hehasbeenpreparingforthematchforseveralmonths,soheis_bound_to_win_it.他已经预备了好几个月了，所以肯定会赢得竞赛的。2．Evenifdinosaurswereabletobe_brought_back_to_lifebythescientists,Idon'tthinktheycouldadapttotheenvironmentonEarth.即使科学家们能使恐龙复生，我觉得它们也不能适应地球上的环境了。3．Seriously_injured,someofthepassengersweresenttothenearesthospitalatonce.因严峻受伤，其中有些乘客被立即送到最近的医院。4．Ieatathomemostofthetime,andeat_out_from_time_to_time.我大多数时候在家吃饭，间或在外面吃饭。5．Youcangoouton_condition_thatyouwearanovercoat.你要穿上外套才能出去。6．Iowe_it_to_you_thatwehavemadesuchagreatbreakthrough.幸亏有你我们才取得这么大的突破。[对应同学课下力量提升(七)]Ⅰ.依据提示写出单词的正确形式1．Ourinitial(最初的)planwastogotoItalyforourholiday.2．Thesoldiermadeavain(徒劳的)attempttoreachthedrowningchild.3．Yourinventionhasalotofdrawbacks(缺点)anditneedstobeimproved.4．Abird'sfeathers(羽毛)arethesoftcoveringonitsbody.5．Peopleadore(崇拜)himforhisnoblecharacter.6．Itisreasonable(reason)toforgivehim.Afterall,heisonlyachild.7．Christmasisdrawingnear.Let'sgoandbuysomedecorations(decorate)tomakeourhouseandtheChristmastreemorebeautiful.8．Hissuccessismerely(mere)aproblemoftime.9．JackieChanenjoysgreatpopularity(popular)bothinHongKongandinland.10．He'sputasideagreatdealofmoneyforhisretirement(retire)．Ⅱ.选词填空invain，bring...backtolife，fromtimetotime，beboundto，ingoodcondition，oone'sheart1．Westillwritetoeachotherfrom_time_to_time,butnotveryoften.2．Perhapsthetechnologyofcloningcanbringthedeadmanback_to_lifeinthefuture.3．Hisparentstriedtopersuadehimnottogiveuphiswell­paidjob,buttheireffortswerein_vain.4．MountainTaistruckitsbeautyinto_her_heartandshedecidedtovisititagainthenextyear.5．Thepalace,whichwasbuiltintheMingdynasty,isstillin_good_condition.6．Keeponworkinghardlikethis,andyourresearchis_bound_toobtaingreatsuccess.Ⅲ.完成句子1．Oneofthedisadvantagesoflivinginbigcitiesisthat_the_traffic_is_too_crowded.住在大城市的缺乏之一是交通太拥挤。2．I'dliketoseethenewfilmwith_time_permitting.时间正好许可，我想看那部新电影。3.Under_no_conditioncanwebecastdownbysuchkindofbadnews.我们绝不要由于这种坏消息而懊丧。4．Hearrivedhome,tired_and_hungry.他回到家，又累又饿。5．It_bothers_me_to_think_of_heraloneinthatbighouse.想到她孤零零地待在那座大房子里我便坐立担心。6．It_suddenly_struck_me_thatIshouldhavefinishedthetask.我突然想到，我本应当完成任务的。Ⅳ.完形填空Antarcticaislikenootherplaceintheworld.Itis__1__.Itisverybig.ItisliketheUnitedStatesandAustraliatogether.Antarcticaisthe__2__placeintheworld.Thetemperatureissometimes－125°F(－87℃)．AugustandSeptemberarethecoldestmonthsbecausethereisno__3__.Antarcticaisthehighestcontinent,about10,000feethigh.Antarcticaalsohasverystrongwinds.Thewindsometimes__4__asfastastwohundredmilesanhour.Itisalsothedriestplaceintheworld.Antarcticaisalso__5__.Therearehugeglaciersandiceeverywhere.Aglacierisanareaoficethat__6__slowly.Theiceandglaciersarebeautiful.Butmostplantsandlandanimalscannot__7__ontheice.Therearenotrees,norivers,andnocitiesinAntarctica.Onlypenguinsandotherseabirdslivethere.Antarcticadoesnot__8__anyonecountry.__9__，everycountryownsAntarctica.MorethantwentycountrieshavestationsinAntarctica.Astationisaplacewherescientistsdoexperiments.The__10__aretheonlypeoplewholiveinAntarctica.LifeonanAntarcticastationis__11__.Itislikelifeonaspacestation.Thesunshinesforsixmonths,andthenitis__12__forsixmonths.Peopleusuallyhaveproblemswithsleepingandeating.Theyeatmore__13__theyarenotbusy.Inanemergency,itishardtoget__14__.Once,anAmericandoctorNielsenrealizedshewas__15__.Shehadcancer.Itwaswinter,andairplanescouldnot__16__inAntarctica.Dr.Nielsenhadnochoicebutto__17__.Anairplanedroppedmedicinetoher,andshe__18__herself.Severalmonthslater,Dr.Nielsen__19__totheUnitedStatestogetspecialmedicalhelp.Today,shipsgotoAntarcticaduringthesummermonthsfromNovembertoFebruary.Peoplewantto__20___thisunusualplace,buttheydon'twanttolivethere!语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了南极洲的生活是怎样的。1．A.strange B．flatC．terrible D．unique解析：选D由上文中的“likenootherplaceintheworld〞可知，南极洲不像地球上的其他任何地方，它特别“独特(unique)〞。2．A.greatest B．cleanestC．coldest D．worst解析：选C由下文中的“Thetemperatureissometimes－125°F(－87℃)〞可知，南极洲是世界上“最冷的(coldest)〞3．A.sun B．airC．water D．food解析：选A由该空前的“thecoldestmonths〞可知，八、九月份是一年中最冷的季节，由于那时没有“太阳(sun)〞。4．Aes B．blowsC．rises D．drops解析：选B由上文中的“verystrongwinds〞可知，南极地区有强风，风“刮(blows)〞的速度有时能到达每小时200英里。5．A.empty B．dangerousC．noisy D．important解析：选A由下文中的“Therearenotrees,norivers...Onlypenguinsandotherseabirdslivethere〞可知，南极洲特别“空旷(empty)〞。6．A.forms B．happensC．shakes D．moves解析：选D由常识可知，冰川缓慢地“移动(moves)〞。7．A.remain B．produceC．live D．change解析：选C大多数植物和陆地动物不能在冰上“生存(live)〞。8．A.dependon B．petewithC．appealto D．belongto解析：选D由下文中的“everycountryownsAntarctica〞可知，南极洲不“属于(belongto)〞任何一个国家。9．A.Aboveall B．InfactC．Forexample D．Onaverage解析：选B“事实上(Infact)〞，全部的国家都拥有南极洲的主权。10．A.scientists B．huntersC．fishermen D．sailors解析：选A由上文中的“wherescientistsdoexperiments〞可知，许多科学试验都在科考站里进行。所以，“科学家(scientists)〞是唯一生活在南极洲的人。11．A.hard B．interestingC．normal D．active解析：选A由下文中的“Itislikelifeonaspacestation〞以及本段的描述可知，南极洲的生活特别“困难(hard)〞。12．A.day B．nightC．vacation D．winter解析：选B由上文中的“Thesunshinesforsixmonths〞可知，太阳照耀六个月，然后就是半年的漫漫长“夜(night)〞。13．A.while B．soC．though D．because解析：选D从该空后的“theyarenotbusy〞可知，他们吃得许多是“由于(because)〞无事可做。14．A.messages B．repliesC．help D．relief解析：选C由上文中的“emergency〞可知，在遇到紧急状况时，很难得到“救济(help)〞。15．A.alone B．anxiousC．sick D．hungry解析：选C由下文中的“cancer〞可知，这位美国博士意识到自己“病了(sick)〞。16．A.land B．remainC．stand D．fly解析：选A在冬季，飞机难以在南极洲“降落(land)〞。17．A.continue B．stayC．work D．adjust解析：选B由上文可知她无法乘飞机离开，所以只能“待(stay)〞在那儿。18．A.tookpridein B．feltsorryforC．paidattentionto D．tookcareof解析：选D由上文中的“cancer〞和“medicine〞可知，飞机把药品空投给她，她只好一个人“照看(tookcareof)〞自己。19．A.referred B．traveledC．returned D．drove解析：选C由本空后的“theUnitedStates〞可知，几个月后，她才“返回(returned)〞，得到了特地的治疗。20．A.remember B．visitC．control D．save解析：选B与本空后的live构成比照，人们愿意“巡游(visit)〞这片特别的地方，但是没有人情愿住在这里。Ⅴ.阅读理解AA10montholdbabyboydiedlastyearandhissadparentshavevowed(宣誓)togivehimasecondchanceatlife.They'vepaid$500,000tohaveapanycalledClonaidmakeacloneoftheirson.“Wewilldoallthatispossibletobringthetwinofthisboybacktolife，〞saidBrigitteBoisselier,directorofClonaid.Boisselierisnotaloneinherdesiretoduplicate(复制)ahuman.Anotherteamofscientistsrecentlyannouncedthatthey,too,havebegunasimilarexperiment.Ifeitherteamissuccessfulincopyingahumanbeing,itwillbeatrulyearthshakingevent.In1997,ScottishresearcherIanWilmutcreatedtheworld'sfirstanimalclone:asheepnamedDolly.First,heremovedaneggcellfromanadultfemalesheep.Thenheusedafineneedletosuckouttheegg'snucleus(核子).Next,Wilmutremovedaskincellfromanothersheep—thesheephewishedtocopy.HebinedthetwocellswithachargeofelectricityandgotaneggfromoneanimalthatcontainedtheDNAofanother.Theneweggcelldividedanddevelopedintoanembryo(thefirststageofababy).Wilmutthenimplantedtheembryointhemothersheep.Intime,theembryodevelopedintoalamb—Dolly.Fouryearslater,sheep,mice,cows,andgoats,havebeen“produced〞inlaboratoriesaroundtheglobe.Now,theraceisontoproducethefirsthumanclone.Twoscientificteamsarepubliclypetingforthefirstplace.Humancloningis“justaroundthecorner〞，saidZavos,ascientistofateam.“Thegenie(妖怪)isoutofthebottle.〞Clonaid'slabmaybemovedtoanothercountrybecausetheU．S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hasforbiddenthelab'sresearch.语篇解读：本文是说明文，介绍科学家胜利地克隆动物，现在竞赛克隆人类，对此作者表现出一丝忧虑。1．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．IanWilmutwillhelptoclonethefirsthumanintheworld.B．IanWilmutclonedthefirstanimalwiththehelpofelectricity.C．Thetwoteamsareworkinghardtorealizetheparents'dream.D．Theparentspaid$500,000tohavetheirsonebacktolife.解析：选B细节理解题。依据第三段“Hebinedthetwocellswithachargeofelectricityand...〞可知B选项正确。2．Bysaying“Thegenieisoutofthebottle〞inthelastparagraph,thescientistmeans________.A．thefirstclonedhumanwilllookterribleB．wedon'tknowwhattheclonedhumanwillbelikeC．wearen'tsurehowtocontroltheclonedhuman'sbehaviorD．therewillbesomeharmwehaven'timaginedwithhumancloning解析：选D句意理解题。综合该句的上下文可看出该句要表达的意思是：克隆人会产生一些意料不到的后果。3．Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A．somepeopledon'tagreetoclonehumansB．scientistscanclonewhatevertheylikeC．anyanimalcanbeclonednowD．thepurposeofhumancloningistomakemoney解析：选A推理推断题。由文章最终一段最终一句可知，一些人不赞成克隆人。4．Whatinformationwillprobablybeprovidedfollowingthelastparagraph?A．Theparents'dreamingtrue.B．IanWilmutandhumancloning.C．Theraceofhumancloning.D．Theanimalandhumancloningtechnology.解析：选C推理推断题。纵观全文，主要叙述了从克隆羊胜利后，克隆的竞争始终存在，并且两支科学家组成的队伍正进行着克隆人的讨论，所以C项较符合题意。BThekeytohappinessisbeingawareofwhatisreallyhappeningineverymomentratherthanbeingabsorbedinthoughtsaboutthepast,thefuture,andthemanyotherthoughtswetendtogetlostin.Happinessisinourcontrol.Whenwefocusitonwhatthemindistellingus,wesuffer；whenwefocusitonwhatisrealandtrueatthismoment,weexperiencehappiness.Thepresentmomentisallthatexists,sincethepastandthefuturearesimplythoughtsaboutthepastandthefuture.Mostpeopleliveinthementalworld.Whenwedropoutof