《Leadership-introduction-lecture领导力》(英文版)课件

《Leadership_introduction_lecture领导力》（英文版）ActivitiesFilmReview&Applications(Individual) Gandhi Braveheart PatchAdamsIn-ClassFilms DanielGoleman RonKauffman FishPrinciple NinoyAquino

WhatisaGoodLeader?Thinkofthreeleadersthatyouwillfollowfreely.Whataretheirqualities?Whatdotheydothatmakeyouwanttofollowthem?Howdotheyaffectyou?Thinkofthreeleaderswhomyouwillfollowonlyifyouareforcedtodosoorifyouarepaidwithlotsofmoneyorwhoyouwillnotfollowatallnomatterwhat.Whywon’tyoufollowthemvoluntarily?Whataretheirtraits?Whatdotheydo?Whatistheirimpactonyou?FollowVoluntarilyLotsofexperienceConsiderateEmpowerspeopleVisionaryOpen-mindedInspiringLeadsbyexampleHonestCommendspeopleGoodcommunicatorPassionateGreatmotivatorHardworkingHumbleIntelligent/smartRisktakerCharmingThinksofthewelfareofhisfollowersApproachableFlexibleTransparentfirmprincipledFollowUnwillinglyorWon’tFollowAtAllCorruptImmoralClosedmindedDoesnotacceptaccountabilityInefficientIndecisiveIncompetentHypocriteDoesn’tacceptmistakesBuckpasserRumorMongererFavoritesUnethicalSelfishSarcasticArrogantSelf-servingLazySelf-righteousTaintedwithdishonorUnprofessionalNarrowmindedImpatientResearchFindingsGameAnimalGameWinnerVsLoserThewinnerispartoftheanswerTheloserispartoftheproblemBestBossWorstBossbyJamesB.MillerWinnerVsLoserThewinnerhasaprogramTheLoserhasanexcuseBestBossWorstBossbyJamesB.MillerWinnerVsLoserThewinnerseesananswerineveryproblemTheloserseesaproblemineveryanswerBestBossWorstBossbyJamesB.MillerWinnerVsLoserThewinnersays,“Letmedoitforyou”Thelosersays,“That’snotmyjob”BestBossWorstBossbyJamesB.MillerWinnerVsLoserThewinnerseesagreenneareverysandtrapTheLosersees2or3sandtrapsneareverygreenBestBossWorstBossbyJamesB.MillerWinnerVsLoserThewinnersays,”Itmaybedifficultbutit’snotimpossible”Thelosersays,”Itmaybepossible,butit’sdifficult”BestBossWorstBossbyJamesB.MillerWinnerVsLoserThewinnerispartoftheanswerTheloserispartoftheproblemThewinnerhasaprogramTheLoserhasanexcuseThewinnersays,“Letmedoitforyou”Thelosersays,“That’snotmyjob”ThewinnerseesananswerineveryproblemTheloserseesaproblemineveryanswerThewinnerseesagreenneareverysandtrapTheLosersees2or3sandtrapsneareverygreen

Thewinnersays,”Itmaybedifficultbutit’snoimpossible”Thelosersays,”Itmaybepossible,butit’sdifficult”BestBossWorstBossbyJamesB.MillerChangingManagementMindset From:ManagingothersDirectingCompetingRelyingonrulesUsingHierarchyConsistency/SamenessSecrecyPassivityIsolationPeopleasanexpense To:LeadingothersGuidingCollaboratingFocusingonoutcomesUsingnetworkDiversity/FlexibilitySharinginformationRisktakingInvolvementPeopleasassetsBestBossWorstBossbyJamesB.MillerHumanRelationsThesixmostimportantwords:

IadmitImadeamistake.Thefivemostimportantwords:

Youdidagoodjob!Thefourmostimportantwords: Whatisyouropinion?Thethreemostimportantwords:

Ifyouplease.Thetwomostimportantwords:

Thankyou.Thesinglemostimportantword:

WeTheleastimportantword:

IBestBossWorstBossbyJamesB.MillerLeadershipL ListeningE EmpoweringviewpointA AmbitionD DesireE ExampleR RespectS Self-esteemH HeartI InitiativeP PatienceBestBossWorstBossbyJamesB.MillerFamousLeaderDick&Mauriceveryentrepreneurialestablishedatheaterthenadrive-inrestaurantin1937.1948theystartedtoservewalk-inclientswithfastservice(Speedyservicesystem),streamlinedtheiroperationsandconcentratedonsellinghamburgers.1954RayKrocownerofamilkshakemachinefactoryjoinedthem.Hehasthevisiononwhatthecompanycanbe.Agreatleaderthatalwaysinsearchofgoodleadersthatcanhelphiminrunningthecompany.WhatLeadersDoEstablishdirection:developingavisionofthefuture(strategies)Aligningpeople:Communicating,directingbywordsanddeedsMotivatingandinspiring:EnergizingpeopletoovercomeproblemsProducingchange:dramaticchangeLeadershipWe’reallleadersLeadershipspringsfromwithinLeadershipisnotanact.ItisawayoflivingOngoingprocessSession2PuzzleGameTeamworkCompetitivenessVs.CooperationLookatothersasenemiesConcentrateonyourselfBecomesuspiciousofothersWinonlyifyouaregoodWinningdeterminedbyyourskillsSmallvictorySomejoyTherearewinnersandlosersLookatothersasfriendsConcentrateonothersBecomesupportiveofothersWinifyouorothersaregoodWinningdeterminedbyskillsofmanyLargevictoryMuchjoyThereareonlywinnersLeadershipHierarchyLevel1HighlycapableindividualMakesproductivecontributionsthroughtalent,knowledge,skillsandgoodworkhabitsLevel2ContributingTeamMemberContributesindividualcapabilitiestotheachievementofgroupobjectivesandworkseffectivelywithothersinagroupsettingLevel3CompetentManagerOrganizespeopleandresourcestowardtheeffectivepursuitofpredeterminedobjectivesLevel4EffectiveLeaderCatalyzescommitmenttoandvigorouspursuitofaclearandcompellingvision,stimulatinghigherperformancestandardsLevel5ExecutiveBuildsenduringgreatnessthroughaparadoxicalblendofpersonalhumilityandprofessionalwillDifferenceinconcernbetweenLevel4andLevel5Leaders Level4Leaders1.Finetuneconcept2.Strategyquestionsfirst:AskWhattodo?Whattomake?Howmuchtochargeit? Level5Leaders1.Who’sfirst2.Strategylater,Rightpeopletodecide3.Statementoftrust4.Senseofownership5.CommitmentLevel5Leadership

(ProfessionalWill)BurningambitionforcompanySuccess Lovefirm Workrelentlessforresults Beyondambition

Level5Leadership

(ProfessionalWill)Committedtobuilding“Generationally” Longevity Passingofbaton Discoverability NotweaksuccessorLevel5Leadership

(PersonalHumility)UnassumingQuietlyproducingNotclaimingcreditDirectattentiontoothers(MirrorWindowprinciple)TipstoavoidMediocrityintheworkplace

KeepRaisingstandardsGivechoicewhotoloseLetgotopeopleunabletomeetbarsetKEYPOINTS Everygood-to-greatcompanyhadLevel5leadershipduringthepivotaltransitionyears.“Level5”referstoafive-levelhierarchyofexecutivecapabilities,withLevel5atthetop.Level5leadersembodyaparadoxicalmixofpersonalhumilityandprofessionalwill.Theyareambitious,tobesure,butambitiousfirstandforemostforthecompany,notthemselves.KEYPOINTS Level5leaderssetuptheirsuccessorsforevengreatersuccessinthenextgeneration,whereasegocentricLevel4leadersoftensetuptheirsuccessorsforfailure.Level5leadersdisplayacompellingmodesty,areself-effacingandunderstated.Incontrast,two-thirdsofthecomparisoncompanieshadleaderswithgargantuanpersonalegosthatcontributedtothedemiseorcontinuedmediocrityofthecompany.KEYPOINTS Level5leadersarefanaticallydriven,infectedwithanincurableneedtoproducesustainedresults.Theyareresolvedtodowhateverittakestomakethecompanygreat,nomatterhowbigorhardthedecisions.Level5leadersdisplayworkmanlikediligence–moreplowhorsethanshowhorse.KEYPOINTS Level5leaderslookoutthewindowtoattributesuccesstofactorsotherthanthemselves.Whenthingsgopoorly,however,theylookinthemirrorandblamethemselves,takingfullresponsibility.ThecomparisonCEOsoftendidjusttheopposite–theylookedinthemirrortotakecreditforsuccess,butoutthewindowtoassignblamefordisappointingresults.KEYPOINTS Oneofthemostdamagingtrendsinrecenthistoryisthetendency(especiallybyboardsofdirectors)toselectdazzling,celebrityleadersandtode-selectpotentialLevel5leaders.IbelievethatpotentialLevel5leadersexistallaroundus,ifwejustknowwhattolookfor,andthatmanypeoplehavethepotentialtoevolveintoLevel5.DefinitionsofLeadership“Theartofmobilizingotherstowanttostruggleforsharedaspirations.” -KouzesandPosner,1995“…liberatingpeopletodowhatisrequiredoftheminthemosteffectiveandhumanewaypossible.” -MaxDePree,1990DefinitionsofLeadership“Leadership…isexercisedwhenpersonsofcertainmotivesandpurposesmobilize,incompetitionorinconflictwithothers,institutional,political,psychological,andotherresourcessoastoarouse,engage,andtosatisfythemotivesoffollowers.”JamesMacGregorBurns,1975DefinitionsofLeadership“Transformingfollowers,creatingvisionsofthegoalsthatmaybeattained,andarticulatingforthefollowersthewaystoattainthosegoals”Bass,1985;TichyandDevanna,1986DifferenceBetweenManagingandLeadingManagingPlanningandBudgettingOrganizingandStaffingControllingandProblemSolvingSource:AForceforChange,JohnP.KotterLeadingEstablishingDirectionAligningPeopleMotivatingandInspiringWhatLeadersDoWhatLeadersDoRelentlesslyupgradetheirteams,usingeveryencounterasanopportunitytoevaluate,coach,andbuildself-confidence.Makesurepeoplenotonlyseethevision,theyliveandbreatheit.Getintoeveryone’sskin,exudingpositiveenergyandoptimism.Establishtrustwithcandor,transparency,andcredit.Havethecouragetomakeunpopulardecisionsandgutcalls.Probeandpushwithcuriositythatbordersonskepticism,makingsuretheirquestionsareansweredwithaction.InspirerisktakingandlearningbysettingtheexampleTheycelebrate!

JackWelch-WinningRelentlesslyupgradetheirteams,usingeveryencounterasanopportunitytoevaluate,coach,andbuildself-confidence.

Youhavetoevaluate-makingsuretherightpeopleareintherightjobs,supportingandadvancingthosewhoare,andmovingoutthosewhoarenot.Youhavetocoach-guiding,critiquing,andhelpingpeopletoimprovetheirperformanceineveryway.Buildself-confidence-pouringoutencouragement,caringandrecognition.Makesurepeoplenotonlyseethevision,theyliveandbreatheitNojargonsmustbeused(cannotbenoblebutvague)!Leadersmustcommunicatethevisiondownstream(neverfilter!).Rewardsmustbealigned.Novisionisworththepaperit’sprintedonunlessitiscommunicatedconstantlyandreinforcedwithrewards.Getintoeveryone’sskin,exudingpositiveenergyandoptimism.“Thefishrotsfromthehead”.Theleader’smoodiscatching.Unhappytribesahaveatoughtimewinning.Anupbeatmanagerwhogoesthroughthedaywithapositiveoutlooksomehowendsuprunningateamororganizationfilledwithupbeatpeoplewithpositiveattitude.Establishtrustwithcandor,transparency,andcredit.Trusthappenswhenleadersaretransparent,candidandkeeptheirwords.Peopleshouldknowwheretheystandintermsoftheirperformance.Peopleshouldknowhowthebusinessisdoing.Givecreditswherecreditisdue.TheCandorEffectGetsmorepeopleintheconversationandwhenyougetmorepeopleintheconversation,yougetmoreideas.Generatesspeed.Whenideasaredebatedrapidly,expandedandenhanced,theygetactedupon.Cutscost.Iteliminatesmeaninglessmeetings.Havethecouragetomakeunpopulardecisionsandgutcalls.Youarenotaleadertowinapopularitycontest.Yourjobistolistenandexplainyourselfclearlybutmoveforward.You’vebeenaleaderbecauseyou’veseenmoreandbeenrightmoretimes(listeningtoyourgut).Probeandpushwithcuriositythatbordersonskepticism,makingsuretheirquestionsareansweredwithaction.Thejoboftheleaderistoaskquestions.Questionslike“whatif?,Whynot?AndHowcome?”Yourquestionsmuststimulatedebatesandraiseissuesthatgetaction.Youmustalwayschallengetogetabiggerandbettersolution.InspirerisktakingandlearningbysettingtheexampleSuccessfulcompaniesembracerisktakingandlearning.Createaculturethatwelcomesriskbyfreelyadmittingyourmistakesandtalkingaboutwhatyou’velearnedfromthem.Learnfromourpeople.Getpeoplewhocancomplementyourweaknesses.Theycelebrate!Celebratingmakespeoplefeellikewinnersandcreatesanatmosphereofrecognitionandpositiveenergy.Workistoomuchapartoflifenottorecognizemomentsofachievement.Session3MeetingandMaking

Friends“BreakingDownWalls”Theobjectiveofthegameistohavethemostnumberofcorrectmatchesbetweenthepersonbeingpertainedtoandthe“descriptor.”Inyourgroup,individuallyanswerthefollowingquestions:AnamazingfactaboutyourselfnotmanypeopleknowAnicknameyouwerefondlycalledwhenyouwereachildWhatyouwouldbringtoyourHighSchoolreunionYourgreatestfearYourpricelesspossession“BreakingDownWalls”Asagroup,decidewhichofthefactsunderthefiveheadingsyouwouldincludeinthecontest.Yourobjectiveistomisleadtheotherteamssothattheycouldnotaccuratelymatchtheanswerwiththepersonitcamefrom.Sochoosethosethatfewpeopleknowabouttheperson.GO!GandhiGandhiPrivatemanw/owealth,propertyofficialtitleNotcommanderofArmyNoraRulerofvastlandNoscientificachievementsartisticgiftGandhi Gen.GeorgeC.Marshall-Hasbecomethespokesmanfortheconscienceofallmankind HemadehumilityandsimpletruthmorepowerfulthanempiresEventsinGandhi’slifeSouthernAfricatrainride1893-“NocoloredattyinSouthAfricaCan’twalkinthepavementwithwhitemen(equalrights)Burningofpasses(courageandpersistence)Walkinginthepavementwithaclergyman(Whenyourenemystrikeyouonyourrightcheekofferyourleftalso)CreationofapapertounitethecommunityEventsinGandhi’slifeQuarrelwithwiferegardingcleaningtherestroom(youarehumanonlyhuman)NewLaw(allIndiansmustbefingerprintedlikecriminals,OnlyChristianmarriagearevalid,PolicemendemandcardofIndianwoman)MinersstrikePrisoncellEventsinGandhi’slifeHisreturntoIndia(Politicianwantstousehim)HesawpovertyHewaswearingatunicthesameclotheshisprisonmateswear(Nopoliticalambitions)HistrainridegoingbacktohisprovincehesawtheinsurgentsCongressindependencerallyPoliticianswhowantstoreplacetheBritish(MillionsthattoilthesoilunderthesuncanonesayherepresentsIndia)LivelikeanIndia(goesbacktobasic)EventsinGandhi’slifeWheneverthereisinjusticeIalwaysbelieveinfighting.Questiondoyoufighttochangethingsortopunishit;leavepunishmenttoGodThevisitoftheoldpoorfarmercomplainingabouttheirlandlordsSecondarrest(NoshirtifIwanttobeonewiththem,Ihavetolivelikethem)HeaskedhisclergyfriendtoleaveIndia(isnotaneasytodecision)Refusaltoleavetheprovinceandrefusaltopay100rupees.(Showofcharacter)releasewithoutbailNoLuxuriesridingon3rdclassandwalkingAdayoffasting(General

strike)EventsinGandhi’slife3rdarrest(fightingerupted)Massacreoftheinnocentgatheringfiringsquad(couragetotaketheiranger)JointmeetingherequestedtheBritishtoliveIndiaBurningoftheclothesfromEnglandPolicemenkilledbymarchersleadtoGandhi’sfirstfasting(willingnesstodieforacause)4tharrestsedition(noncooperationwithevilisaduty)6yearsimprisonmentSaltmaking(Royalmonopoly)EventsinGandhi’slifeGandhi’s5tharrestRallytosaltfactorywhereintherallyistwerebeatenbythesoldiersandtheydidnotretaliate6tharrestthedeathofhiswifeHinduvsMuslim2ndfastingforpeacebetweenHinduandMuslimHinduwhokilledachildDeathofGandhiSayingsWhenyou’refightingforajustcausepeopleseemedtopopupevenwhenit’sdangerousYoumustshowcouragewillingtotakeablowandnotfightback(decreaseangerandincreasesrespect)MinorityofonethetruthisthetruthEachman’slaborisasimportantasanothersIt’snotme,it’stheprinciple.AndyouwilldoitwithjoyornotatallNocause,thatIampreparedtokill.TheycannottakeawaytheirselfrespectifwedonotgiveittothemSayingsFightagainsttheirangernottoprovokeitReceivetheblowsinourpainwewillmakethemtheirinjusticeTheymaketorturemybodyandkillmetheywillhavemybodynotmyobedience

MydignitycomesfromfollowingmyhusbandEmbarrassthosewhotreatsasslaveMahatma-GreatsoulEyeforaneyeonlymakesupthewholeworldblindLeadershipAssessmentTestASSESSMENTOFCURRENTLEADERSHIPQUALITIES

(FORPOTENTIALLEADERS)

0=Never1=Seldom 2=Sometimes 3=Usually 4=Always1.

Thepersonhasinfluence. 2.

Thepersonhasself-discipline. 3.

Thepersonhasagoodtrackrecord. 4.

Thepersonhasstrongpeopleskills. 5.

Thepersonhastheabilitytosolveproblems. 6Thepersondoesnotacceptthestatusquo. 7.

Thepersonseesthebigpicture. 8.

Thepersonhastheabilitytohandlestress. 9.

Thepersondisplayspositivespirit.10.Thepersonunderstandspeople. 11.Thepersonisfreeofpersonalproblems. 12.

Thepersoniswillingtotakeresponsibility. ASSESSMENTOFCURRENTLEADERSHIPQUALITIES

(FORPOTENTIALLEADERS)

13.Thepersonisfreefromanger.14.

Thepersoniswillingtomakechanges. 15.

Thepersonhasintegrity. 16.ThepersonisgrowingclosertoGod.17.

Thepersonhastheabilitytoseewhathastobedonenext. 18.

Thepersonisacceptedasaleaderbyothers.19.

Thepersonhastheabilityanddesiretokeeplearning.20.Thepersonhasamannerthatdrawspeople.21.

Thepersonhasagoodself-image. 22.

Thepersonhasthewillingnesstoserveothers. 23.

Thepersonhastheabilitytobouncebackwhenproblemarise.24.

Thepersonhastheabilitytodevelopotherleaders.25.Thepersontakesinitiatives.

ASSESSMENTOFCURRENTLEADERSHIPQUALITIES

(FORPOTENTIALLEADERS)

90-100

Greatleaders(shouldbementoringothergood&greatleaders)

80-89Goodleaders(mustkeepgrowingandkeepmentoringothers)

70-79Emergingleaders(focusongrowthandbeginmentoringothers)

60-69Burstingwithpotential(excellentpersontobedeveloped)

Below60Needsgrowth(maynotbereadytobementoredasaleader)

Thebelow“60”categoryisoftenthemostdifficulttojudge.Somepeopleinthisgroupwillneverbecomeleaders.

Session4EnneagramEnneagram“Canhelpunderstandfearsanddesires,strengthsandweaknesses,defensesandanxieties,howwereacttofrustrationanddisappointment-and,morepositively,whatourtruestcapacitiesandgreateststrengthsaresothatwecanbuildonthoseratherthanonmisjudgmentsandillusions.”Enneagram

self-understandingself-knowledgeself-transcendenceself-transformationMatchingParagraphA:Point9TheMediatorParagraphB:Point7TheEpicureParagraphC:Point8TheBossParagraphD:Point2TheGiverParagraphE:Point1ThePerfectionistParagraphF:Point3ThePerformerParagraphG:Point6LoyalSkepticParagraphH:Point4TheRomanticParagraphI:Point5TheObserverTheEnneagramAdvantagebyHelenPalmerGiftsofEachPersonalityType1 Discerner Reformer2 Empathiser/Sympathiser Generous Compassionate3 Performer,achiever,efficient Dedicatedtowork Concernedwithproductivity4 Sensitive,tragicromantic Creativewithanewwayoflookingatlife Looksatlifethroughart5 Wise,intelligent,observer,thinker Abletomakemeaningoutofexperiences Makethemisunderstoodunderstoodunderstandable6

Responsible,dependable, trustworthy Loyaltowhatislawful7 Optimist,enthusiastic Happy-go-lucky Alwaysa“silver-lining”8 Leader,magnanimous, empowering Challengetaker9 Peacemaker Mediator

IamPeaceful9IamStrong81IamPerfectIamHappy72IamCaringIamKnowledgeable54IamSpecial3IamLoyal63IamSuccessfulTheEnneagramofPersonalityStatements

OfSeparation/Conflict9OfBeingWeak81OfBeingImperfectOfBeingDeprived72OfOwnNeedsOfBeingOverwhelmed54OfBeingOrdinary3OfBeingAbandoned63OfFailure/OfBeingRejectedTheEnneagramofBasicFearsTYPEHEALTHYPOINTSUNHEALTHYPOINTS1

Perfectionist2

Helper3

Achiever4

RomanticEthical,fair,honest,idealistic,orderly,Productive,reliable,self-disciplineAdaptable,caring,compassionate,emphatic,Generous,insightful,loving,sympathizerConfident,efficient,energetic,industriousOptimistic,practical,self-propelledCompassionate,creative,expressive,introspective,intuitive,refined,supportive,warmAnxious,critical,controlling,dogmatic,inflexible,judgmental,overlyserious,obsessive-compulsiveHysterical,indirect,manipulative,martyr-like,over-attention,over-doting,possessiveDeceptive,narcissistic,overlycompetitive,pretentious,superficial,vain,vindictiveDepressive,guilt-ridden,moody,melancholic,self-absorbed,self-conscious,stubbornTYPEHEALTHYPOINTSUNHEALTHYPOINTS5

Observer6

Questioner7

Adventurer8

Asserter9

PeacemakerAnalytical,objective,perceptive,persevering,self-contained,sensitive,wiseCaring,dependable,loyal,practical,responsible,warm,wittyCharming,confident,curious,enthusiastic,fun-loving,imaginative,spontaneous,quickAuthoritative,direct,earthy,energetic,loyal,protective,self-confidentDiplomatic,emphatic,generous,open-minded,patient,peaceful,pleasant,receptiveCritical,cynical,distant,intellectually,arrogant,stingy,stubborn,unassertiveControlling,defensive,hyper-vigilant,judgmental,paranoid,rigid,self-defeating,testy,unpredictableImpulsive,manic,narcissistic,possessive,rebellious,restless,self-destructive,undisciplined,unfocusedAggressive,controlling,domineering,insensitive,rebellious,self-centered,skeptical,vengefulApathetic,forgetful,judgmental,obsessive,passive-aggressive,spaced-out,stubborn,unassertiveLifeStory/ChildhoodHistory1

Highstandardsofexcellence “Goodboy/girl” Resentfultowardsmother2 Livedintheshadowofsomebodyimportant Self-evasive Notawareoftheirsneeds3 Putupafront Needsapprovalforachievementsandaffirmation4 Abandonedchild Senseof“trip-drama” Canstaylonginpain Wantstobeunderstoodandnotunderstood5 Poormothercontact Authoritarianmothers Feelthattheyhavenotbeenlovedenough6 Memoriesofwarmthprematurelycut-off Overprotectiveparentalenvironment Closetoauthorityfigure7 Experienceofhappinessearlyinlife,butprematurelycut-off8 Adultatanearlyage Sourceofdifficulty9 Unaffectionatemother Familymembersnotemotionallyclosetooneanotherbutingoodtermswithoneanother Livedwithlittle“should’s”1Perfect2Needed3Successful4Unique5Knowledgeable6Responsible7Joyful8Content9PeacefulLIFESTATEMENTSELF-CONCEPTMOTIVESLifeisbeing…Iam…To/Tobe...RightGenerousEfficientDifferentWiseFaithfulFunPowerfulPeacefulCorrectNeeded/LovedApproved/AffirmedUnderstandtheselfToknow/understandApprovedtheauthorityHavefunSelf-reliantHaveunityandharmony1Perfect Anger Judgmental2ServicePride Possessiveness Manipulative3EfficiencyDeceitOverlycompetitiveBasiclackoftrustVain4AuthenticityEnvyPuttingothersdownEnvious5

KnowledgeStinginessOverlycriticalCynical6SecurityFear“Rightlyobedient”7IdealismOver-IndulgenceGluttonyInsensitivity8PowerArroganceSarcasmVerbalput-down9Self-abasementLazinessOver-patience Lackofinvolvement

TRAPSPASSIONMANIFESTATION1Anger ResentmentHardworking2Need FlatteryHelpful

3FailureVanitySuccessful

4OrdinarinessMelancholyUnique5EmptinessStinginessKnowing6DevianceCowardiceLoyal7PainPlanningNice8Weakness