优高空施工安全程序（中英文对照）

高空施工安全程序（中英文对照）Index目录1.Introduction引言2.Purpose目的3.Procedure程序4.ReleaseofLiftingDevices起吊设备的释放5.ManRidinginSkipsandCradles吊桶和吊篮的使用6.WorkfromScaffolds脚手架作业7.RopeAccess绳索的使用8.RoofWork屋顶/顶部作业9.IndividualResponsibility个人职责10.FallArrest坠落防护11.Definitions定义12.Procedure程序部分章节示例如下：4.ReleaseofLiftingDevices起吊设备的释放Thesafetyofpersonsworkingatheightswhomaybeinvolvedinreleasingliftingdevicesshallbetakenintoaccountineveryliftingoperationasrequired.Asafeplacefromwhichtoreleasetheload,andsafeaccesstoit,shallbeprovided.在每次起吊作业中，都必须考虑释放起吊设备的高空作业人员的安全。应提供一个释放载重物的安全工作场所及安全的通道。Thefollowingpointsmustbeconsidered:必须考虑以下因素：Locatingreleasingpointsnearexistingsafepositions,suchasneartheendsoftheworkpiece(possiblyaliftingbeamwouldassist).将释放点设置在现有安全位置附近，如，靠近工件的末端（可以借助于吊梁）。Remove/releaseliftingdevicesarenowavailablewhichcanbeoperatedfromasafeplace,sothatthereisnoneedtogainaccessalong,orontheworkpiecebeinglifted.在安全的地方移动/释放起吊设备，从而无需沿正在被起吊的工件进入。Providingadequateprotectionifaccessisnecessary;thismayincludeguardrailsfittedtothetopflangepriortolifting,ladders,mobileaccessplatforms,safetybelts/harnesses,netsandinertiareels.如果必须接近起吊的设备，则应提供充分的保护；例如，在起吊前在顶部边缘安装护栏、梯子、移动工作平台、安全带/全身性的护具、网和惯性卷筒等。5.ManRidinginSkipsandCradles吊桶和吊篮的使用5.1Whenacraneisusedtosupportaman-ridingskiporbucket,adeadman’shandlemustbefitted.Whenskipsareusedasworkingplatforms,leavingtheskipatheightshallnotbepermittedorattemptedunlessasafetyharnessandinertiareelareused,securedtotheskiporasuitablestructure.使用起重机提升吊桶或吊篮时，必须安装固定把手。当吊桶用作工作平台时，不允许让吊桶留在高空，除非有安全带和惯性缆绳固定在吊桶或合适的结构上。5.2Allliftingappliancesandmanridingequipmentshallhaveclearlymarkedwith:所有起重器具和载人设备应清楚地注明：SafeWorkingLoad安全载重量DateoflastTest最后一次测试日期。5.3Nounitshallbeusedunlessithasavalidtestcertificate.不可以使用任何没有有效测试证书的机组。5.4Theskiporcradlemustbeofsounddesignandconstruction,ofsuitablematerialandofadequatestrengthandmustbeproperlymaintained.吊桶或吊篮必须设计可靠，安装良好，材料合适，具有足够的强度，而且必须加以适当维护。5.5Itmustbesodesignedsothatnoonecanfallout,andtheremustbemeanstopreventhimorherspinningorturning.吊桶或吊篮的设计应保证人员不会掉出来，必须有措施防止人员在吊桶或吊篮里面旋转或翻转。5.6Itmustbealeast1100mmdeepandonlyinstalledunderthesupervisionofacompetentperson.吊篮（吊桶）深度至少应为1100mm，必须在合格人员监督下安装。6.WorkfromScaffolds脚手架作业6.1Wherescaffoldaccesshasbeenprovided,itshallonlybeusedforwhichithasbeendesignedandconstructed.ThescaffoldshallonlybeusedwhentheappropriateScaffoldInspectionTagisattached.使用脚手架时应遵循有关的设计和建造要求。脚手架只有经过检查并贴上合格标签后才能使用。10.FallArrest坠落防护10.1Assessment评估10.1.1NTCCrequiressuitableandsufficientstepstobetakentopreventpersonsfromfalling.Requirementsaregivenwhereapersonisliabletofall1.8mormorerequiresthatsuitableandeffectivemeasuresbetakentopreventanypersonfallingadistancelikelytocausepersonalinjury.南通***要求采取适当而充分的措施，防止人员坠落。当人员可能从1.8米以上高空坠落时，必须采取合适而有效的措施，防止坠落对人员造成伤害。10.1.2Thedisciplineconstructionteamshalladopteffectivemeasurestopreventpersonnelformslippingwhenworkingatheights,duetothecoldweatherandthefreezingofrainingoraccumulatedsnow.Allaccumulationofwater,ice,frostandsnowshallberemovedfromanyelevatedworksurfacewhenitpresentsahazardtoemployeesworkingatheights.专业施工承包班组必须采取有效措施，防止人员在进行高空作业时由于寒冷的天气、下雨后的结冰或积雪而滑倒。对雇员高空作业构成危险的所有的积水、冰、霜、雪均应及时清除。10.1.3Alightningrodorothersimilarsuitablegroundingdeviceshallbeinstalledtogroundthestructurebeforeworkingatheightcanbestarted.PersonalareforbiddentoworkatheightswhentheenvironmentalconditionspresentahazardsuchasseverefogandstrongwindsaboveLevelSix.在高处作业开始以前，应事先设置避雷设施或其它相似的接地装置。遇有六级以上强风、浓雾等恶劣气候不得进行高处作业。10.1.4Followinganyperiodofpoorweatherconditionssuchasasnowstorm,typhoonorheavyrain,theequipmentassociatedwithworkingatheightsshallbethoroughlyinspectedbeforeresumingthework.暴风雪及台风暴雨后，应对高处作业安全设施进行全面检查，发现损坏应立即修理完善。10.5RetractableTypeFallArresters收缩式坠落制动器Verticaltravel,e.g.ontowerladders,canbeprotectedbyverticallifelines.Aslidingdevicemovesupanddownarailorropeinresponsetoclimbingmovements,butlocksinresponsetothesuddenjerkofafall.垂直方向（例如在塔梯上）工作时，可采用垂直救生索对人员进行保护。当工作人员攀登时，滑动装置沿着轨道或绳索上下移动，当人员意外坠落时，滑动装置会锁住。10.6AnchoragePoints锚固点Covereyebolts,mobileeyebolts,tripods,roofanchors,anddeadweightanchorsforusewithfall-arrestequipment.Itisimportanttoensurethattheanchoragepointcanwithstandtheforcesappliedinafallwithanadequatesafetyfactor.Itisimportanttoensurethat,wherepossible,thepointispositionedabovetheworkertominimisethefallingdistance,andthatsufficientspaceexistsbeneaththeworkersothatthelengthofthefalldoesnotexceedthatwhichisavailableonsite.包括有眼螺栓、活动式有眼螺栓、三脚架、屋顶锚固件和重负载锚件等，用于坠落制动设备。保证锚固点能经得住坠落时施加的力并具有足够的安全系数，这一点是非常重要的。另外必须保证，尽可能的将锚固点设置在工人的上方，最大限度的降低坠落的距离，另外在工人的下面保持足够的空间，使坠落长度不超过现场允许的长度。11.2DecelerationDevice减速装置Adecelerationdeviceshallbeinterpretedasmeaninganymechanism,suchasaropegrab,rip-stitchlanyard,specially-wovenlanyard,tearingordeforminglanyards,automaticself-retractinglifelines/lanyards,etc.,whichservestodissipateasubstantialamountofenergyduringafallarrest,orotherwiselimittheenergyimposedonanemployeeduringfallarrest.减速装置应解释为任何机构，例如绳索夹钳、扯缝索、特殊的编结索、抗撕磨索，自动的自收缩救生索/系索等等，这些机构在坠落制动期间用来消散能量，或限制施加于雇员身上的能量。11.3EngineeredAnchorPoint工程锚固点Anengineeredanchorpointshallbeinterpretedasmeaningafixedlocation,designedandinspectedbyastructuralengineer(orequivalent)forthepurposeofconnectingasafetylanyardtopreventfalls.工程锚固点应解释为一个固定位置，该位置由结构工程师（或相当的人员）设计并检查，用于连接安全系索，防止坠落。11.4FieldTie-OffPoint现场系挂点Afieldtie-offpointshallbeinterpretedasmeaninganyfixedpointcapableofsupporting10knofforce,usedfortheattachmentofasafetylanyard.Fieldtie-offpointscouldbepipeslargerthan300mminchesindiameterandstructuralbeams.Conduit,regardlessofsize,shallneverbeusedasatie-offpoint.现场系挂点应解释为用于连接安全绳索，能支持10kn力的任何固定点。现场系挂点可以是直径大于300mm的管道，及结构梁等。任何导管，无论尺寸多大，都不能用作系挂点。11.5GuardrailSystem护栏系统Guardrailsystemshallbeinterpretedasmeaningabarriererectedtopreventemployeesfromfallingtolowerlevels.护栏系统应解释为一种栅栏，目的是防止雇员坠落到更低的位置。11.6Harness保险带Aharnessshallbeinterpretedasmeaningawebbeddevicewhichissecuredaboutthebodyinamannerthatwilldistributethefallarrestforcesoveratleastthethighs,pelvis,waist,chestandshoulderswiththemeansforattachingittoothercomponentsofapersonalfallarrestsystem.Alsoknownasabodyharnessorsafetyharness.保险带应解释为一种网状结构的设备，它对人体是安全的，它使下坠力分布在大腿、骨盆、腰部、胸部和肩部，保险带连接到人员坠落制动系统的其它部件上。也称为人体保险带或安全保险带。11.7PersonalFallArrestSystem人员高空坠落制动系统PersonalfallArrestsystemmeansasystemusedtoarrestanemployeeinafallfromaworkinglevel.Itconsistsofananchorage,connectors,abodyharness,andmayincludealanyard,decelerationdevice,lifeline,orsuitablecombinationofthese.人员高空坠落制动系统指的是用于防止雇员从高处坠落的系统。它由锚固件、连接器、人体保险带组成，也可以包括绳索、减速装置、救生索，或这些器具的适当组合。11.8PositioningBeltorPositioningDevice定位带或定位装置Apositioningbeltorpositioningdeviceshallbeinterpretedasmeaninganysystemriggedtoallowanemployeetobesupportedonanelevatedverticalsurface,suchasawall,andworkwithbothhandsfreewhileleaning.Nottobemisconstruedasasafetybelt.定位带或定位装置应解释为指任何悬挂系统，使雇员支持在一个高空垂直表面，例如墙壁，并且手臂可以自由工作。切勿误解为安全带。11.9SafetyBelt安全腰带Asafetybeltisasinglewebbedorleatherbeltconstructedwithoneormore“D”ringsbuiltintothebackoronthesides.SafetybeltsarenottobeusedonBTSSprojects.安全腰带是一个单根的化纤编制带或皮带，在背部或侧部装有一个或多个“D”形环。这种安全腰带不能用于BTSS项目。11.10SafetyLanyard安全系索Safetylanyardmeansaflexiblelineofrope,wirerope,orstrap,whichgenerallyhasaconnectorateachendforsecurelyattachingthebodybeltorbodyharnesstoadecelerationdevice,lifeline,oranchorage.安全系索指一个柔性的绳索、钢索或带状绳索，通常在每端有一个连接器，将人体绳索或人体保险带牢固地连接到减速装置、救生索或锚固件上。11.11Self-RetractableLifeline/Lanyard自收缩式救生索/系索ASelf-RetractableLifeline/Lanyardshallbeinterpretedasmeaningadecelerationdevice(seeabove)containingadrum-woundlinewhichcanbeslowlyextractedfrom,orretractedonto,thedrumunderslighttensionduringnormalemployeemovement,andwhich,afteronsetofafall,automaticallylocksthedrumandarreststhefall.自收缩式救生索/系索应解释为指一个含有鼓状绕线的减速装置（见上），在雇员正常移动期间，它可在轻微的张力下从鼓状物缓慢地抽出，或缩回到鼓状物上；在坠落开始后，它可自动地锁住鼓状物并对坠落进行制动。11.12StaticLine固定绳Astaticlineisanengineereddevice,typicallyacablethatisstrungfromtwopointstoprovideananchorpointforafallarrestsystem.Thestaticlineisusedtoallowsafetravelfromonepointtoanother.Staticlines,unlessotherwisenoted,aredesignedforsingleemployeeuseonly.固定绳是一种象电缆一样的工程装置，它固定在两个点上，为坠落制动系统提供一个锚固点。固定绳可以使人员安全地从从一个点移动到另一个点。除非另有说明，固定绳仅设计用于单一的雇员。11.13Toeboard踢脚板Toeboardmeansalowprotectivebarrierthatwillpreventthefallofmaterialsandequipmenttolowerlevelsandprovideprotectionfromfallsforpersonnel.踢脚板指的是一种低的保护栅栏，防止材料和设备跌落到较低的平面，并对人员坠落提供保护。11.14UnprotectedSidesandEdges无保护的侧面和边缘Unprotectedsidesandedgesmeananysideoredge(exceptatentrancestopointsofaccess)ofawalking/workingsurface,e.g.,floor,roof,ramp,orrunwaywherethereisnowallorguardrailsystem.无保护的侧面和边缘指的是没有墙或护栏系统的步行/步行表面（例如楼面、屋顶、斜面或通道）的任何侧面或边缘（除了到出入点的入口之外）。11.15Walking/WorkingSurface步行/工作表面Walking/workingsurfacemeansanysurface,whetherhorizontalorverticalonwhichanemployeewalksorworks,including,butnotlimitedto,floors,roofs,ramps,bridges,runways,formworkandconcretereinforcingsteelbutnotincludingladders,vehicles,ortrailers,onwhichemployeesmustbelocatedinordertoperformtheirjobduties.步行/工作表面指的是雇员步行或进行工作的任何表面，无论水平的还是垂直的，包括但不限于楼面、屋顶、斜坡、桥梁、通道、模板和钢筋混凝土，但不包括梯子、车辆或拖车，雇员必须在上面执行工作任务。12.Procedure程序12.1MinimumRequirementsForFallProtectionEquipment高空坠落保护设备的最低要求12.1.1AnchoragePoint–Construction锚固点—建筑结构Anchorageusedfortheattachmentofpersonalfallarrestequipmentshallbeindependentofanyanchoragepointbeingusedtosupportorsuspendplatforms.Theanchoragepointmustbecapableofsupportingatleast1000kgshockloadingperemployeeattached.用于固定个人坠落制动装置的锚定点必须是独立的，不同于支持平台或悬吊平台的锚定点。前者必须至少支持1000公斤的冲击负荷（每点附着一人）。12.1.2AnchoragePoint-SteelErection锚固点—钢结构Anchoragepointsusedfortheattachmentofpersonalfallarrestequipmentduringsteelerectionshallbecapableofsupportingaminimum1000kgshockloading钢结构安装期间，用于固定个人坠落制动装置的锚定点应能承受最低1000公斤的冲击负荷。12.1.3LanyardandHarness系索及保险带Webbingusedinlanyards,lifelines,andstrengthcomponentsofbodyharnessesshallbemadefromsyntheticfibers.制作系索用的带子、救生索及保险带的受力部件均采用合成纤维材料。Lanyardsshallhaveamaximumlengththatwilllimitafalltonogreaterthan1.8m.Thelanyardshallhaveaminimumnominalbreakingstrengthof2272kg.Lanyardsshallbeprotectedagainstbeingcutorabraded.Cutorabradedlanyardsshallberemovedfromserviceanddiscarded.Personalfallarrestsystemcomponentsshallneverbeusedforhoistingmaterials.系索的最大长度应限制跌落不超过1.8米。系索的额定断裂强度至少应为2272公斤。系索应防止切割或磨损。切割或磨损的系索应停止使用并抛弃。个人坠落制动系统的部件不能用来起吊材料。Connectorsshallbedropforged,pressed,orformedsteelormadeofequivalentmaterials.Connectorsshallhaveacorrosionresistantfinishandallsurfacesandedgesshallbesmoothtopreventdamagetointerfacingpartsofthesystem.连结器应锻造、压制，或采用成型钢或相当的材料制成。连接器应有防锈蚀保护层，各个层面及边缘均应保持光滑，防止接触部件之间产生损害。Dee-ringsandsnaphooksshallhaveaminimumtensilestrengthof2272kg.Snaphooksshallbeofthedoublelocking(doublelocking)snaphooksaspartofpersonalfallarrestsystemsandpositioningdevicesystemsisprohibited).吊环和弹簧扣必须承受至少2272公斤的张力。弹簧扣应为双锁紧式弹簧扣，作为个人坠落制动系统的一部分，固定式锁紧系统禁止使用。12.1.4Self-RetractableEquipment自收缩式设备Self-retractablelanyards,whichautomaticallylimitfreefalldistancetotwofeet(2’)orless,shallbecapableofsustainingaminimumtensileloadof3,000pounds(fullyextended).可以将自由坠落距离自动限制在0.6米以下的自收缩式系索，必须承受至少1350公斤的张力负荷（全部拉伸）。Self-retractablelanyards,whichdonotlimitfreefalldistancetotwofeet(2’)orless,suchasripstitchlanyards,andtearinganddeforminglanyardsshallbecapableofsustainingaminimumtensileloadof2272kgpounds(fullyextended).不能将自由坠落距离限制在0.6米以下的自收缩式系索，例如裂口缝合式系索及撕裂和变形式的收紧索，必须承受至少2272公斤的张力负荷（全部拉伸）。12.1.5SpecialWarnings特别警告Ripstitchorother“shockabsorbing”lanyardsshallnotbeusedwithself-retractablelanyards.裂口缝合式或其它“冲击吸收式”系索不能与自收缩式系带一并使用。12.2Pre-use/DailyWearInspectionsandCleaning使用前/日常磨损检查与清洁12.2.1Pre-useCheck使用前的检查Eachemployeeshall,priortothecommencementofthework,inspectallpartsofhisorherpersonalfallarrestsystem.Theemployeeshallinspectallsnaps,eyelets,fasteners,webbing,connectors,stitching,andfabricforflaws,damageandwear.Equipmentfoundtobedefectiveshouldnotbeused.每个工人在工作开始前应对其个人坠落制动系统的所有部件进行检查。应检查每个弹簧扣、线环、紧固件、背带、连结器、榫头以及织物等，确认是否受损/磨损。发现有缺陷的设备不应使用。12.2.2DailyWearRe-checks日常磨损再检查Eachemployeeshall,duringthedurationofthework,inspectallpartsofhisorherpersonalfallarrestsystem.Equipmentfoundtobedefectiveshouldnotbeused.每一工人在工作过程中均应检查其坠落制动装置。如发现设备有缺陷则不应使用。12.2.3MaintenanceandCleaning保养和清洁Thepersonalfallarrestsystemshallbecleanedasnecessarywithmilddetergentandwarmwater.Roughabrasivesand/orsolventsshallnotbeusedforcleaningormaintenanceofanysystempart.根据需要，使用中性洗涤剂和温水对坠落制动装置进行清洁。不能用粗糙的研磨料或溶剂清洗或保养系统的任何部件。12.3In-serviceLoadingorShocking工作中的荷载和震动Personalfallarrestsystemequipmentshall