【解剖学课件】结肠下区解剖

Unit25

Infracoliccompartment结肠下区

Lecturer：MaJianmin

DepartmentofAnatomy,MedicalcollegeofNanchanguniversity一、ThevesselsofInfracoliccompartment结肠下区的血管1.

Superiormesenteric肠系膜上动脉2.

Inferiormesenteric肠系膜下动脉1.胰十二指肠下A2空肠A3回肠A4.回结肠A-阑尾A6.中结肠A5.右结肠A(供应十二指肠至结肠左曲的消化道)

动脉弓1.SuperiormesentericA肠系膜上动脉SmallintestinalA小肠AMiddlecolicA中结肠ARightcolicA右结肠AIleocolicA回结肠AAppendicularA阑尾A肠系膜上动脉的分支

1).左结肠A

2).乙状结肠A

3).直肠上

A(供应结肠左曲以下的消化道)2.InferiormesentericA肠系膜下动脉LeftcolicASigmoidASuperiorrectalA肠系膜下动脉的分支二.Jejunumandileum空、回肠1.Position位置Jejunum空肠

Ileum回肠

2.Difference区别

Jejunum

Ileum动脉弓三.Largeintestine大肠1.Composition组成

Rectum直肠Vermiformappendix阑尾Colon结肠Cecum盲肠2.Featuresofcecumandcolon形态Epiploicappendices肠脂垂Colicbands结肠带Haustraofcolon结肠袋

Ileocecalvalve回盲瓣Orificeofvermiformappendix阑尾口Ileocecalorifice回盲口四.Cecum盲肠五.Vermiformappendix

阑尾1.Position位置一般位于右髂窝内阑尾的位置2.Positionofrootofvermiformappendix阑尾根部的位置McBurney点恒定于盲肠的后内侧，是三条结肠带集中处。阑尾根部的体表投影：脐与右髂前上棘连线中、外1/3交点。六.Colon结肠Ascendingcolon

15cmDescendingcolon20cmSigmoidcolon40-50cmTransversecolon50cm七.Hepaticportalvenoussystem肝门V系1.Composition组成

HepaticportalV肝门静脉SplenicV脾静脉SuperiormesentericV肠系膜上静脉Inferiormesentericv肠系膜下静脉2.Tributaries属支Inferiormesentericv肠系膜下静脉Cysticv胆囊静脉Leftgastricv胃左静脉Rightgastricv胃右静脉Paraumbilicalv附脐静脉3.The

featuresofhepatic

portalV

肝门静脉系的特点⑴两端都是毛细血管.⑵没有功能性静脉瓣.⑶含有丰富的营养物质.1.Atthelowerendofthe

esophagus

Hepaticportalvein→leftgastricvein→esophagealvenousplexus→esophagealvein→azygosvein→superiorvenacava４.Portal-systemicanastomoses门腔静脉吻合肝门静脉血回流入肝受阻，逆行经食管静脉丛等回心，静脉丛血流增多，曲张，突向食管腔，一旦食管粘膜及静脉丛破裂，出血流入胃，呕出，临床称为呕血（胃酸的作用，呕出的血为咖啡色）2.Atrectalvenousplexus

Hepaticportalvein→splenicvein→inferiormesentericvein→superiorrectalvein→rectalvenousplexus→inferiorrectalandanalveins→internaliliacvein→inferiorvenacava肝门静脉血回流入肝受阻，逆行经直肠静脉丛等回心，静脉丛血流增多，曲张，突向直肠腔，一旦直肠粘膜及静脉丛破裂，流出的静脉血随大便排出，临床称为便血（为暗红色）Hepaticportalvein→paraumbilical

vein→periumbilicalvenousplexus→thoracoepigastricandsuperiorepigastricvein→superiorvenacavasuperficialepigastricandinferiorepigastricveins→inferiorvenacava临床表现：腹壁‘海蛇头’样外观3.AtperiumbilicalvenousplexusIntheretroperitonealregion,thesmalltributariesofthesuperiorandinferiormesentericveins(splemicandpancreaticveins)anastomosewiththesmallbreachesoftheposteriorintercostal

vein,theinferiordiaphragmvein,theleftrenalveinandtesticularveinIntheposteriorwallofabdomen,thesmalltributariesofthesuperior,theinferiormesentericandsplenicveinsanastomosewiththesmalltributariesoftheposteriorintercost