美国研究生组织行为学教学-2要点课件

Chapter2:DiversityinOrganizationsWeichunZhuDepartmentofLaborStudiesandEmploymentRelations003KellerBuildingPennsylvaniaStateUniversityUniversityPark,PA168022-0ChapterLearningObjectivesAfterstudyingthischapter,youshouldbeableto:Describethetwomajorformsofworkforcediversity.DefinethekeybiographicalcharacteristicsanddescribehowtheyarerelevanttoOB.DefineintellectualabilityanddemonstrateitsrelevancetoOB.Contrastthetwotypesofability.Describehoworganizationsmanagediversityeffectively.Showhowcultureaffectsourunderstandingofbiographicalcharacteristicsandintellectualabilities.2-1DiversitySurface-leveldiversityDeep-leveldiversityDiversityManagement2-2BiographicalCharacteristicsObjectiveandeasilyobtainedpersonalcharacteristics.AgeOlderworkersbringexperience,judgment,astrongworkethic,andcommitmenttoquality.GenderFewdifferencesbetweenmenandwomenthataffectjobperformance.2-3BiographicalCharacteristics(Continued)Race&EthnicityContentiousissue:differencesexist,butcouldbemoreculturebasedthanracebased.TenurePeoplewithjobtenure(seniorityatajob)aremoreproductive,absentlessfrequently,havelowerturnover,andaremoresatisfied.2-4OtherBiographicalCharacteristicsReligionMayimpacttheworkplaceinareasofdress,groomingandschedulingSexualOrientationFederallawdoesnotprotectagainstdiscrimination(butstateorlocallawsmay).Domesticpartnerbenefitsareimportantconsiderations.GenderIdentityRelativelynewissue–transgenderedemployees.2-5AbilityAnindividual’scapacitytoperformthevarioustasksinajob.IntellectualandPhysicalAbilities2-6AbilityMadeupoftwosetsoffactors:IntellectualAbilitiesTheabilitiesneededtoperformmentalactivities.GeneralMentalAbility(GMA)isameasureofoverallintelligence.WonderlicPersonnelTest:aquickmeasureofintelligenceforrecruitmentscreening.Nocorrelationbetweenintelligenceandjobsatisfaction.PhysicalAbilitiesThecapacitytodotasksdemandingstamina,dexterity,strength,andsimilarcharacteristics.2-7DimensionsofIntellectualAbilityIntellectualAbilityNumberAptitudeVerbalComprehensionPerceptualSpeedInductiveReasoningDeductiveReasoningSpatialVisualizationMemoryEXHIBIT2–12-8NineBasicPhysicalAbilities2-9StrengthFactorsDynamicstrengthTrunkstrengthStaticstrengthExplosivestrengthFlexibilityFactors2-10FlexibilityFactorsExtentflexibilityDynamicflexibility

OtherPhysicalFactors

2-11OtherFactorsBodycoordinationBalanceStaminaImplementingDiversityManagementStrategiesMakingeverybodymoreawareandsensitivetotheneedsofothers.2-12Attracting,Selecting,Developing,andRetainingtheDiverseEmployeesWorkingwithDiversityinGroups EffectiveDiversityProgramsSummaryandManagerialImplicationsSummary:AbilityDirectlyinfluencesemployee’slevelofperformance.Managersneedtofocusonabilityinselection,promotion,andtransfer.Fine-tunejobtofitincumbent’sabilities.BiographicalCharacteristicsShouldnotbeusedinmanagementdecisions:possiblesourceofbias.2-13SummaryandManagerialImplicationsDiversityManage