power made easy八月学习笔记版阅读

SESSION40ORIGINSANDRELATED(Part1.money,andwhatitwillThemodernworldoperateslargelybymeansofapricestructure—wealthandpovertyarethereforewordsthatindicatethepossession,ontheonehand,orthelack,ontheother,ofmoney.Penury,fromLatinpenuria,need,neediness,isdire,abjectpoverty,completelackoffinancialresources.ItisoneofthetwostrongestEnglishwordstherearetodenoteabsenceofmoney.Theadjectiveform,penurious(pƏ-NYr′-ee-ƏsorpƏ-NR′ee-Əs),strangelyenough,maymeanpoverty-stricken,butmorecommonlysignifiesstingy,close-fisted,niggardly;sosparingintheuseofmoneyastogivetheappearanceofpenurious[pɪ'njʊərɪəs]（贫困的 penurious[pɪ'njʊərɪəs]（贫困的 近近义词： dire：veryseriousor leadtoconsequencesconsequencesabjectæbdʒekt]unfortunateormiserable可 Penuriousisasynonymofparsimonious-sƏ-MŌ′-nee-Əs),butismuchstrongerinimplication.Aparsimonious isstingy;a istwiceasstingy.Penury,then,ispoverty;penuriousnessisstinginess, parsimony(PAHR′-sƏ-mō′-nee). poverty)isindigence(IN′-dƏ-jƏns).Indigent(IN′ penniless—theyaresimplylivinginreducedcircumstances,forgoingmanycreaturecomforts,dtoundergothetypeofhardshipsthatmaypanyalackofsufficientparsimoniousparsimonious 的（indigence[n]贫困-indigentOntheotherhand,aclosesynonymofandoneofequalstrength,isdestitution-tƏ-T′-shƏn).Destitute(DES′-tƏ-tt)peopledonotevenhavethemeansformeresubsistence—assuch,theyareperhapsonthevergeofstarvation.Penuryanddestitutionarenotmerelystraitenedcircumstances—theyaredownrightdesperatecircumstances.destitution=penurydestituteadj. 生存，在这里也可以替换成straitenedstreitnd]：financiallydistressed经Toturnnowtothebrightersideofthethepossessionofmoney,especiallyinamounts,isexpressedbyaffluence(AF′-l-Əns).Affluent(AF′-l-Ənt)people,peopleofaffluence,orthoselivinginaffluentcircumstances,aremorethancomfortable;inaddition,thereistheimplicationthattheirwealthisincreasing.Peoplewholiveinaffluenceprobablyownlargeandcostlyhomes,runbig,newcars,belongtoexpensivegolforcountryclubs,etc.affluence[n]richness富裕affluent['æflʊənt]富裕的→moneyflowingto -yƏ-lƏns),whichnotonlyimpliesmuchgreaterwealththanaffluence,butinadditionsuggestslavishexpendituresandostentatiouslysurroundings.Peopleofopulenceownestates;driveonlyoutrageouslyexpensiveandspeciallyequippedcars(Rolls-Royces劳斯莱斯,Mercedes-Benzes奔驰,Porsches保时捷,etc.);haveacorpsofservants,includingamajor-domo（=butler管家）;belongtogolfandyachtandcountryclubs,etc.,etc.Embroiderthefantasyasmuchasyouwishto.Opulent(OP′-yƏ-lƏnt)maydescribepeople,surroundings,stylesoflife,orthelike.opulence['ɒpjʊl(ə)ns]富裕（affluent程度opulent embroiderembroiderAwithB:AembroidertheoriginalstorytomakeitmoreAffluentisacombinationoftheprefixad-,to,toward(changingtoaf-beforearootbeginningwithf),plustheLatinverbfluo,toflow—affluenceisthatdelightfulconditioninwhichmoneykeepsflowingtous,andnooneeverturnsoffthespigot.Otherwordsfromthesameroot,fluo,toflow,arefluid,influence,confluence(a“flowingtogether”),fluent(thewordsflowsmoothly),etc.opulentisfromLatinopulentus,wealthy.otherEnglishwordsderivefromthisfluidfluent2.ngandIfyouwatchafuriousathleticevent,andyougettired,thoughtheathletesexpendalltheenergy—that’svicariousfatigue.Furious狂怒的；激烈的（involvedwithlotsofenergyor vicariousvɪ'keərɪəs]间接感受的vicariouslyadv.Ifyourfriendgoesonabender,andasyouwatchhimabsorbonedrinkafteranother,youbegintofeelgiddyandstimulated,that’svicariousgoonabenderdrinklotsofalcohol /spending)spreegiddy['gɪdɪ]令人眩晕的feelunsteadyandfeelnotwellbegiddywithexcitement/delight:feelsothatyoucan’tthinkorbehave【近】dazzling眼花缭乱的（强调灯光闪耀）intoxicationincajoleryIfyouwatchamotherinamotionpictureordramaticysufferhorriblyatthedeathofherchild,andyougothroughthesameagony,that’svicarioustorment.Youcanexperienceanemotion,then,inways:firsthand,throughactualparticipation;vicariously, ingempatheticallyin ’sSomepeople,forexample,leadessentiallydullandcolorlesslives.Throughtheirchildren,throughreadingorattendingthetheater,however,theycanexperiencealltheemotionsfeltbyotherswhoselivesmovealongataswift,excitingpace.Thesepeopleliveatsecondhand;theylivevicariously.3.timeisElephantsandturtleslivealmostforever;humanbeingsintheUnitedStateshavealifeexpectancyingeneralofsixty-eighttoseventy-sixyears(thoughthegradualconquestofdiseaseisconstantlylengtheningourspan);dogslivefromseventotenyears;andsomeinsectsexistonlyafewhoursorOnesuchshort-livedcreatureisthedayfly（蜉蝣,whichinGreekwascalledephemeraHenceanythingsoshort-lived,sounenduringthatitscarcelyseemstooutlasttheday,maybecalledoutlast:livelongerthan比……更持久ephemeral[ɪ'fem(ə)r(ə)l]短暂的Asynonymofephemeralisevanescent(ev-Ə-NES′-Ənt),fleeting,stayingforaremarkablyshorttime,vanishing.Somethingintangible,likeafeeling,maybecalledevanescent;it’shere,andbeforeyoucanquitecomprehendit,it’sgone—vanished.Thenounisevanescence(ev′-Ə-NES′-theverbistoevanesce(ev-Ə-Evanescentisbuiltontheprefixe-(ex-),out,therootvanesco,tovanis