孔子的教育思想英文

TheEducationalThoughtsofConfucius当前第1页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点Introduction当前第2页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点BorninthevillageofZoninthecountryofLuin551BCDiedin479BCPosition:ThefirsteducatorofprivateschoolMaindoctrine——Ren当前第3页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点·FounderoftheConfucianschoolandConfucianism·SymbolofChineseculture·Thinker·Educator·Statesman·Philosopher当前第4页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点ConfuciusisfamousforhisphilosophybecausehemademanywisesayingsinancientChinathathelpedmanypeoplelearnaboutnature,theworld,andthehumanbehavior.当前第5页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点HeestablishedfirstprivateschoolinChinaandacceptedthestudentsfromeverywhere.Subjects:Manners,Music,Literature,Riding,ArcheryandMathematics(礼，乐，射，御，书，数）Hehave3000students.Amongthem,72becamefamousscholars.当前第6页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点TheAnalectsisthesinglemostimportantbookinthehistoryofChina,whichexpressaphilosophy,oramoralcode,bywhichConfucius,oneofthemosthumanethinkersofalltime,believedeveryoneshouldlive.AnenduringclassicofChineseculture,TheAnalectshasinfluencedallthinkers,writersandpoliticiansintheover2,000-year-longhistoryofChinaafterConfucius.Noscholarcouldtrulyunderstandthislong-standingcultureortheinnerworldoftheancientChinesewithoutthisbook.TheAnalects当前第7页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点Philosophy当前第8页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点仁Humanity智Knowledge义Knowledge信Knowledge礼KnowledgeBenevolence,tobehumanity,mercyandkindness;Justness,toberighteousnessRituals,customandlow,tobepoliteWisdom,tobeknowledgeableandwelleducatedRoyalty,faithful,reliable,accountable,responsible,creditable当前第9页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点I

will

not

be

afflictedatmen's

not

knowing

me;

I

will

be

afflicted

that

I

do

not

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men.不患人之不己知，患不知人也Whatonedoesnotwishforoneself,oneoughtnottodotoanyoneelse;whatonerecognizesasdesirableforoneself,oneoughttobewillingtogranttoothers."当前第10页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点Thepersonsbeingcultivated,thefamilieswereregulated.身修而后家齐Thefamiliesbeingregulated,theStateswererightlygoverned.家齐而后国治TheStatesbeingrightlygoverned,theentireworldwasatpeace.国治而后天下平当前第11页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点EducationalThoughts当前第12页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点ConfuciuswasChina'sfirsteducator.Hetaughtstudentsallhislife,andputforwardmanyimportanteducationalprinciplesandeffectiveteachingmethods.Heheldthatallmenwereeducable,becausebynaturemenwerequitealike,andtheyweremadedifferentbylearningandpractice.He

wasthefirstfigureinChinesehistorytoinitiateeducation.Hebelievedthebasicgoalofeducationwastocultivate"personsofvirtue",whoshouldhavesoundcharacterandupliftedminds.当前第13页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点Thiswasinhisdayanepoch-makingview,becauseitmeantthatnotonlythenobles，butpeopleofallotherclasses，wereentitledtoreceiveeducation.Histeachingmethodsincludedtheelicitingmethod,givinginstructionsaccordingtostudents'peculiarities,andcombiningtheorywithrealityandpractice.Todeepenhisstudents,understanding,hediscussedwiththemrealpeopleandeventsofearliertimesandhisday,expressinghisownviews,makinganalys,pointingouttheirstrengthsandweaknesses,andurginghisstudentstoweighanddecideissues.当前第14页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点Educationtarget：thefirstpersontoopenaprivateschooltocommonpeopleCoursecontentmorality,properspeech,government,therefinedartsPedagogicalmethods:Heposesquestions,orusesaptanalogies,andwaitsforhisstudentstoarriveattherightanswers.Educationgoal:tocreatesuperiormen当前第15页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点Topreferitisbetterthanonlytoknowit.Todelightinitisbetterthanmerelytopreferit.Whatyouknow,youknow,whatyoudon‘tknow,youdon’tknow.Thisisknowledge.知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。当前第16页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点Inteachingpeople,thereisnodiscrimination(ofclass,type,etc.)Reviewingwhatyouhavelearnedandlearninganew,youarefittobeateacher.Learningwithoutsatiety,instructingotherswithoutbeingwearied.If

a

man

in

the

morninghear

the

right

way,

he

may

die

in

the

evening

without

regret.当前第17页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点ZiGongasked:“WhywasKongWenZicalled‘Wen’?”Confuciusreplied:“Hewasquickanddevotedtolearning,andnotashamedtoaskedthosebelowhim.Thatiswhyheiscalled‘Wen’”.子贡问曰：“孔文子何以谓之‘文’也？”子曰：“敏而好学，不耻下问，是以谓之‘文’也。”当前第18页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点Influence当前第19页\共有22页\编于星期二\21点叁TheConfucianthoughtshaveawideinfluenceinallthenationsofEastAsia.InKoreaandJapan,ethicandetiquettehavebeenundertheinfluenceoftheConfucianviewpointssuchashumanity,justiceandetiquette,etc.Theinfluenceisstillquiteobviou