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河北省邢台市公共英语五级(笔试)知识点汇总(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________
一、1.ListeningComprehension(15题)1.AsimplediethighinvitaminsandsugarbutlowinfatandchemicalsbenefitsthosepeopleinHunza.
A.RightB.Wrong
2.PartC
Directions:Youwillhearatalk.Asyoulisten,answerthequestionsorcompletethenotesinyourtestbookletforQuestions21-30bywritingNOTMORETHANTHREEwordsinthespaceprovidedontheright.YouwillhearthetalkTWICE.
Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions21-30.
听力原文:Inyouruniversitywork,youwillbeexpectedtogiveoralpresentationsintheform.ofreportsorsimplyintheformsofanswerstoquestions.Thereareseveralthingsyoucandotomakeyouroralpresentationsclearandeasytounderstand.
Thefundamentalpointtorealizeisthatspeechandwritingaredifferent.Ifyouwanttobebestunderstood,youcan'tsimplyreadyourwrittenreportaloud.Thebiggestdifferencebetweenspokenandwrittenlanguageisthatreaderscanlookbackovertheprintedwordswhentheydon'tunderstand.Inspokenlanguage,however,listenerscan'tgobackandcheckthewords.Theycanrelyonlyonmemory.Sothefirstprincipletokeepinmindwhenyou'replanningtospeakinpublicisthatyouhavetohelpthelistener'smemory.Thismeansthatanoralreportcan'tdeliverinformationasrapidlyasawrittenreport.Thatis,youcan'thaveasmanypiecesofnewinformationpackedintothesamenumberofwords,becausetheywillcomeattoofastarateforthelistenertounderstand.
Inanoralreport,therateofdeliveryhastobeslower.Oneofthebestwaystohelpyouraudienceissimplytospeakslowly.Manypeoplespeaktoofastwhentheyspeaktoagroup.Thisisamistake,especiallyifyouhaveaforeignaccent,becauseitmakeslisteningmoredifficult.Beyondthesimpletechniqueofspeakingmoreslowlywhenyouspeakbeforeagroup,therearewaysoforganizingyourpresentationthatcanhelpthelistenerbeclearandunderstandyourmainpoints.
Theorganizationofyourtalkshouldallowenoughtimeforthelistenertothinkbothbeforeandaftereachnewidea.Thepurposeofthetimebeforethenewinformationistogivetheaudienceachancetounderstandthebackgroundclearly.Knowledgeofthebackground,orsettingoftheinformation,makesitmucheasiertoanticipatewhatkindofinformationiscomingnext.Ifthenewinformationoccurstooearly,withoutenoughbackground,thelistenersshouldnotbepreparedwithenoughbackgroundtobeabletopredictwhat'scoming.
I'vebeendescribingthetimeforthinkingbeforethenewinformation.It'salsoimportanttoprovidetimeforthinkingafterthenewinformation.Thisthinkingtimeallowslistenerstofittheideaintotheirgeneralknowledgeofthesubject.Thinkingtimegivesthelistenerachancetomakesurethattheideawasunderstoodbeforegoingontothenextnewidea.
Therearethreegeneralwaystogivethelistenertimeforthinkingandtimeafterapointofnewinformation.Onewayissimplytopause.Amomentofsilencegivesthelistenertimetotakeinthenewinformation,butthereareotherways.Asecondmethodistouseaparaphrase.Thatis,yousaythesamething,butindifferentwords.Thisparaphrase,orrepetitionoftheidea,helpsthelistenerstofixthethoughtintheirmemory.Athirdwaytogivethelistenertimetothinkistousewordsthatdon'tmeanmuch.Thesearewordsthatconveynoinformation,butjustfillintime.Forinstance,youmightsaysomethinglike"asI'vebeensaying"or"andsoforth"and"andsoon".Thatkindofexpressiondoesn'treallysayanything.It'sjustmadeofwhatwecall"fillerwords".Thewordshavenorealmeaning,buttheydoperform.ausefulfunction,sincetheyallowthelistenertimetothink.
Insummary,then,weknowthatorallanguageshoulddeliverinformationataslowerratethanyoucanuseinwrittenlanguage.Newinformationshouldbe:presentedmoregradually.Thinkingtimeshouldbeprovidedbothbeforeandaftereachimportantnewitem.Th
3.Thepossibilitiesofourliteraryexperiencesarealmostunlimited.
A.TrueB.Fasle
4.WangpreferstolivewithanEnglishfamily.
A.RightB.Wrong
5.Howmanypsychologistsarementionedinthetalk?
6.Theirschemeisbasedonthepremisethatallpeoplehaveabasicwayof______.
7.Whatdoesbusinessconcernusuallydo?
8.A15%-20%dropinbodywatercancausethebloodsystemtofail.
A.TrueB.Fasle
9.Calories,naturalfood,mountainsandthedistancefrommodemcitiesaretheonlycommonthingsinthethreeregions.
A.RightB.Wrong
10.Dr.MannisnowinCambridge,writingabookonthe______.
11.Withonlyagoodbookweareverylikelytofeellonely.
A.TrueB.Fasle
12.What'sthecommonmisconceptionaboutartandscience?
13.Canyougiveanexampleof"fillerwords"?
14.Whatsuggestiondoesthemanthinkitisgood?
A.Trytogiveupsmoking.
B.Eatsweetseverydayinsteadofsmoking.
C.Trytogiveuponecigaretteeveryday.
D.Gotoahypnotist.
15.Whatproblemdoesthemanthinkcanbesolvedifthegovernmentputupsmallunitstobuildsolarpanels?
A.Theheatsupply.
B.Theelectricsupply.
C.Thewatersupply.
D.Theunemploymentsituation.
二、2.UseofEnglish(10题)16.
【C9】
17.
【C4】
18.
【C8】
19.
【C14】
20.(36)
21.
【C3】
22.(46)
23.
【C13】
24."Down-to-earth"meanssomeoneorsomethingthatishonest,realisticandeasytodealwith.Itisapleasuretofind【31】______whoisdown-to-earth.Apersonwhoisdown-to-earthiseasytotalk【32】______andacceptsotherpeopleasequals.Adown-to-earthpersonisjustthe【33】______ofsomeonewhoactsimportantorproud.
Down-to-earthpersonsmaybe【34】______membersofsociety,ofcourse.Buttheydonotlettheirimportance"【35】______totheirheads".Theydonotconsiderthemselvestobebetterpersonsthan【36】______oflessimportance.Someonewhoisfilledwithhisownimportanceandpride,【37】______withoutcause,issaidtohave"hisnoseintheair".Thereis【38】______wayapersonwithhisnoseintheaircanbedown-to-earth.
Americans【39】______anotherexpressionthatmeansalmostthesameas"down-to-earth".Theexpressionis"both-feet-on-the-ground".Someone【40】______both-feet-on-the-groundisapersonwithagoodunderstanding【41】______reality.Hehaswhatiscalled"commonsense,"hemayhavedreams,【42】______hedoesnotallowthemtoblockhisknowledgeof【43】______isreal.
Theoppositekindof【44】______isonewhohashis"head-in-the-clouds".Amanwithhishead-in-the-cloudsisadreamer【45】______mindisnotintherealworld.
【46】______,suchadreamercanbebroughtbacktoearth.Sharpwordsfromteachercanusually【47】______aday-dreamingstudentdown-to-earth.
Usually,thepersonwhoisdown-to-earthisvery【48】______tohavebothfeetontheground.【49】______wehavebothourfeetontheground,whenwearedown-to-earth,weacthonestlyandopenly【50】______others.Ourlivesarelikethegroundbelowus,solidandstrong.
(31)
25.Psychologiststakecontrastiveviewsofhowexternalrewards,from【C1】______praisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,【C2】______researchtherelation【C3】______actionsandtheirconsequencesarguethatrewardsCanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Cognitiveresearchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintain【C4】______rewardsoftendestroycreativity【C5】______encouragingdependence【C6】______approvalandgiftsfromothers.
Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especially【C7】______educators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparks【C8】______ingrade-schoolchildren,suggesting【C9】______properlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,【C10】______toastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.
“Ifkidsknowthey'reworkingfora【C11】______andcanfocus【C12】______arelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity”,saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit'seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsfor【C13】______performanceorcreatingtoo【C14】______anticipationforrewards.”
Ateacher【C15】______continuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohands【C16】______highgradesforordinaryachievementendsup【C17】______discouragedstudents,Eisenbergerholds.【C18】______anexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailing【C19】______
Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,in【C20】______studentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.
【C1】
三、3.ReadingComprehension(15题)26.(72)
27.(78)
28.PartB
Directions:Inthefollowingarticlesomeparagraphshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions66-70,choosethemostsuitableparagraphfromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.
Thepressisconstantlyremindingusthatthedramaticincreaseintheageofourpopulationoverthenext30orsoyearswillcausenationalhealthcaresystemstocollapse,economiestocrumpleunderthestrainofpensiondemandsanddisintegratingfamiliestobuckleunderincreasingcarecommitments.YetresearchatOxfordisbeginningtoexposesomeofthewidespreadmythsthatunderliethisrhetoric.Demographicageingisundoubtedlyareality.Lifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieshasrisencontinuouslyoverthepastcentury,increasingthepercentageofthoseovertheageof60relativetothoseundertheageof15.By2030halfthepopulationofWesternEuropewillbeovertheageof50,withapredictedaveragelifeexpectancyofafurther40years.Bythen,aquarterofthepopulationwillbeover65andby2050theUK'scurrentnumberof10,000centenariansarepredictedtohavereachedaquarterofamillion.SomedemographershaveevensuggestedthathalfofallbabygirlsbornintheWesttodaywilllivetoseethenextcentury.
66.______
Indeed,ifthiscouldbeachievedthroughouttheworld,itwouldsurelycountasthesuccessofcivilization,forthenwewouldalsohaveconqueredthekillersofpoverty,disease,famineandwar.
Decreasingmortalityrates,increasinglongevityanddecliningfertilitymeansmallerpercentagesofyoungpeoplewithinpopulations.Overthepast20yearslifeexpectancyatbirthintheUKhasrisenbyfouryearsformen(to75)andthreeyearsforwomen(to80).MeanwhilefertilityratesacrossEuropehavedeclinedmoreorlesscontinuouslyoverthepast40yearsandremainwellbelowthelevelsrequiredforEuropeanpopulationstobeabletoreplacethemselveswithoutsubstantiveimmigration.Butagain,ratherthanseeingthisasadoomandgloomscenario,weneedtoexplorethepositiveaspectsofthesedemographics.Thenext50yearsshouldprovideuswithanopportunitytoenjoythemanyadvantagesofasocietywithamaturepopulationstructure.
67.______
ThefirstoftheseisthecurrentpoliticalrhetoricwhichclaimsthathealthservicesacrosstheWesternworldarecollapsingunderthestrainofdemographicageing.
68.______
Thesecondmythistheviewthattheratioofworkerstonon-workerswillbecomesoacutethatWesterneconomieswillcollapse,compoundedbyamassivegrowthinpensiondebt.Whilethereareundoubtedconcernsovercurrentpensionshortfalls,itisalsoclearthatworkingliveswillthemselveschangeoverthenextfewdecades,withapredictedincreaseinflexibleandpart-timeworkandtheprobableextensionofworkinglifeuntiltheageof70.Indeed,wehavetorecognizethatwecannotexpecttoretireattheageof50andthenbeabletosupportourselvesforanother40orsoyears.Neitherasolidpensionschemenorsavingscancarrypeoplethatlong.
69.______
Afurthermythisthatwewillallliveinloose,multigenerationalfamilies,experiencingincreasedemotionaldistancingfromourkin.Evidencefromavarietyofstudiesacrossthedevelopedworldsuggeststhat,ifanything,themodernfamilyisactuallybecomingmoreclose-knit.WorkcarriedoutbytheOxfordInstituteinScandinaviaandinaPan-EuropeanFamilyCareStudy,forexample,showsthatdespitedieinfluenceofthewelfarestate,overthepast10years,peoplehavecometovaluefamilyrelationshipsmorethanpreviously.
70.______
Inthedevelopedworld,therefore,wecanseeactualbenefitsfrompopulationageing:abetterbalancebetweenagegroups,matureandlessvolatiles
29.(79)
30.
Thelanguageofthepassageismostly______.
A.descriptiveB.narrativeC.expositiveD.critic
31.(70)
32.
AccordingtoJackMaple,tocutcrime______.
A.theheadsofpolicedepartmentshouldmakemorecontactwiththecriminals
B.thegovernmentshouldeducatetheresidentsmore
C.acomputersystemcalledComstatshouldbeadoptedbythepolice
D.thecriminalsshouldbeseverelypunished
33.(68)
34.(67)
35.(76)
36.PartC
Directions:Answerquestions71-80byreferringtothefollowinggames.
Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,BorCandmarkitonANSWERSHEET1.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.
A=BOOK1B=BOOK2C=BOOK3D=BOOK4
Whichbook(s)say(s)that...
theclimateaffectsthefuturesustainableagriculturaldevelopment?71.______
environmentalcontrolisrelatedwiththenationalrevenues?72.______
theenvironmentalproblemsarenotcausedovernight?73.______
avarietyofspeciesareonthedecrease?74.______
agricultureisalsoafactorforfiledegradationofenvironment?75.______
pollutioncanbecontrolledbyincreasingtheproductioncostofpollutinggoods?76.______
pollutioncontrolneedsthesupportoftechnologyandtechniques?77.______
provideslessonsforagriculture,trade,landuseandtaxpolicyfromaneconomicperspective?
78.______
thedegradationofenvironmentcausesthechangeofclimate?79.______
theapproachestoresearchshouldbeadjustedtothechangingsituation?80.______
A
BOOK1
Thebookoffersacomprehensiveperspectiveontheconsequencesandpossiblepolicysolutionsforclimaticchangeaswemoveintothetwenty-firstcentury.Itassessestheimpactofpotentialfeatureglobalclimatechangeonagricultureandtheneedtosustainagriculturalgrowthfortheeconomicdevelopment.
Thebookbeginsbyexaminingtheroleofinternationalresearchinstitutionsinovercomingenvironmentalconstraintsonsustainableagriculturalgrowthandeconomicdevelopment.Theauthorsthendiscusshowagriculturalresearchsystemsmayberestructuredtorespondtoglobalenvironmentalproblemssuchasclimatechangeandlossofgeneticdiversity.Thediscussionthenextendstoconsiderenvironmentalaccountingandindexing,toillustratehowenvironmentalqualityc;inbeincludedformallyinmeasuresofnationalincome,socialwelfareandsustainability.Thethirdpartofthebookfocusesontheeffectsofandpolicyresponsestoclimatechange.Chaptersinthispartexaminetheeffectofclimatechangeonproduction,trade,landusepatternsandlivelihoods.Theyconsiderimpactsonthedistributionofincomebetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountriesremainamajoreconomicactivity.Authorstakeonaneconomy-wideperspectivetodrawlessonsforagriculture,trade,landuseandtaxpolicy.
B
BOOK2
Theozonelayeristhreatenedbychemicalemissions;theclimateisendangeredfromfossilanddeforestation,andglobalbiodiversityisbeinglostbyreasonofthousandsofyearsofhabitatconversions.Globalenvironmentalproblemsariseoutoftheaccumulatedimpactsfrommanyyears'andmanycountries'economicdevelopment.Inordertoaddresstheseproblemsthestatesoftheworldmustcooperatetomanagetheirdevelopmentprocessestogether—thisiswhataninternationalenvironmentalagreementmustdo.Butcantheworld'scountriescooperatesuccessfullytomanageglobaldevelopment?Howshouldtheymanageit?Whoshouldpayfortheprocess,aswellasfortheunderlyingproblems?
Thisbookpresentsanexaminationofboththeproblemandtheprocessunderlyinginternationalenvironmentallawmaking:therecognitionofinternationalinterdependence,thenegotiationofinternationalagreementsandtheevolutionofinternationalresourcemanagement.Itexaminesthegeneralproblemofglobalresourcemanagementbymeansofgeneralprinciplesandcasestudiesandbylookingathowandwhyspecificnegotiationsandagreementshavefailedtoachievetheirtargets.
Thebookisdesigned
37.PaulStraussmann,retiredvicepresidentofXerox,indicatesinhisbookInformationPay-offthat"almosthalfoftheU.S.informationworkersareinexecutive,managerial,administrativeandprofessionalpositions."Hefurtherstatesthat"managersandprofessionalsspendmorethanhalfoftheirtimeincommunicatingwitheachother."
Inotherwords,peopleareacorporation'smostexpensiveresource.Foratypicaloffice,over90percentoftheoperatingbudgetisforsalaries,benefitsandoverhead.Withthisinvestment,isitanywonderthatmanagersarefocusingmoreandmoreattentiononemployeeproductivity?Theyrealizethatthepaperjunglecannotbetamedsimplybyhiringmorepeople.Toreceiveareturnontheirinvestment,wisecorporateexecutiveofficersarerealizingwhatindustrialistsandagriculturistslearnedlongago—efficienttoolsareessentialforincreasedproductivity.
Adirectrelationshipexistsbetweenefficientflowofinformationandthequalityandspeedoftheoutputoftheendproduct.Forthosecompaniesusingtechnology,theperdocumentcostofinformationprocessingisonlyafractionofwhatitwasafewyearsago.Thedecreasingcostofcomputersandperipherals(equipmenttiedtothecomputer)willcontinuetomaketechnologyacost-effectivetoolinthefuture.AnexampleofthistypeofsavingisillustratedinthecaseoftheWesternDivisionofGeneralTelephoneandElectronicsCompany(GTE).Bymakingaone-timeinvestmentof$10milliontoautomateitsfacilities,managementestimatesanannualsavingof$8.5millionforthecompany.Thissavingsisgainedmainlythroughtheeliminationofsupportpeopleonceneededforproposalprojects.Throughatelecommunicationsnetworkthatsupports150computerterminalswithgoodgraphicscapabilities,theengineerswhoconceptualizetheprojectsarenowdirectparticipants.Theyusethegraphicscapacitiesofthecomputerratherthanrelyondrafterstopreparedrawings,theyentertheirowntextratherthanemploytypists,andtheyusethenetworktotrackprojectprogressratherthanconductingmeetings.
Inthefirstparsgraph,theauthorquotesStraussmann'swordsinordertomakeclear______.
A.theimportanceofcommunicativecapabilityinbusiness
B.theneedibrpeopleofhigherpositionsinacompany
C.theimportanceofassigningpeopletoproperpositions
D.thenecessityforpeopleinhigherpositionstoknowinformationscience
38.(74)
39.Throughouthistorytherehavebeenmanyunusualtaxesleviedonsuchthingsashats,beds,baths,marriages,andfunerals.AtonetimeEnglandleviedataxonsunlightbycollectionfromeveryhouseholdwithsixormorewindows.Andaccordingtolegend,therewasaTurkishrulerwhocollectedataxeachtimehedinedwithoneofhissubjects.Why?Topayforthewearandtearonhisteeth!
Differentkindsoftaxeshelptospreadthetaxburden.Anyonewhopaysataxissaidto“beartheburden”ofthetax.Theburdenofataxmayfallmoreheavilyonsomepersonsthanonothers.Thatiswhythethreelevelsofgovernmentinthiscountryuseseveralkindsoftaxes.Thisspreadstheburdenoftaxesamongmorepeople.Fromthestandpointoftheiruse,themostimportanttaxesareincometaxes,propertytaxes,salestaxes,andestate,inheritance,andgifttaxes.Someareusedbyonlyonelevelofgovernment;othersbytwoorevenallthreelevels.Togetherthesedifferenttaxesmakeupwhatiscalledourtaxsystem.
Incometaxesarethemainsourceoffederalrevenues.Thefederalgovernmentgetsmorethanthree-fourthsofitsrevenuefromincometaxes.Asitsnameindicated,anincometaxisataxonearnings.Bothindividualsandbusinesscorporationspayafederalincometax.
TheoldesttaxintheUnitedStatestodayisthepropertytax.Itprovidesmostoftheincomeforlocalgovernments.Itprovidesatleastapartoftheincomeforallbutafewstates.Itisnotusedbythefederalgovernment.
Asalestaxisataxleviedonpurchases.MostpeoplelivingintheUnitedStatesknowaboutsalestaxessincetheyareusedinallbutfourstates.Actuallythereareseveralkindsofsalestaxes,butonlythreeofthemareimportant.Theyaregeneralsalestaxes,excisetaxes,andimporttaxes.
Otherthreecloselyrelatedtaxesareestate,inheritance,andgifttaxes.Everythingapersonowns,includingbothrealandpersonalproperty,makesuphisorherestate.Whensomeonedies,ownershipofhisorherpropertyorestatepassesontooneormoreindividualsororganizations.Beforethepropertyistransferred,however,itissubjecttoanestatetaxifitsvalueexceedsacertainamount.
ThereasonthattheTurkishrulercollectedadiningtaxistopayfor_______.
A.theinconvenienceforhimtoputonandtakeoffclothes
B.thedamagethateatingdidtohisteeth
C.hiseffortstocutthefoodintopieces
D.thedecayofhisteethbecauseofsugar
40.
Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon______.
A.thebrainstructureasawhole
B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain
C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes
D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum
四、阅读理解(5题)41.
根据下列文章回答36~40题:
第
36
题
Howmanynewmaterialsarementionedinthispassage?
42.
第
28
题
TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries__________.
43.
第
38
题
providesaround20%oftheworld’selectricity?__________
44.
第
30
题
Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthetext?
45.
第
47
题
wouldremainsilentintheeventoftheft?_________
参考答案
1.B
2.Answerstoquestions
3.A
4.A
5.Three
6.seeingtime
7.Providesgoods/servicework
8.A
9.B
10.WorldsofTime
11.B
12.Completelyseparate/exclusive
13.Andsoon./Andsoforth
14.C
15.D
16.atat解析:某大学的教授,应为“aprofessorat…university”,所以答案为介词“at”。
17.importantimportant解析:从本句后面的一句话可以看出,Adown-to-earthperson就算是重要的人物,他们也不会把这种显赫写在脸上。所以前面应填important。故答案为important。
18.diddid解析:据38题解析,由于while意为“尽管”,才有后面起强调作用的did,意为“确实”,言下之意有转折之意。
19.ratherrather解析:此空所在句意为“用四个手指握笔而不是三个。”ratherthan表示“而不是”。
20.thoughthough解析:本句话的意思是“尽管知道顾客们可能不知道自己为什么买了这些商品,但是卖家却知道怎么去做。”故答案为though。
21.pollpoll解析:此句意为“Synovate市场研发公司的调查显示”,poll的意思为“民意调查”。因此答案为“poll”。
22.takestakes解析:要注意时态,这里意为“占据”,所以所以此处应填“takes”。
23.ofof解析:deprivesb.ofsth.为固定短语,意为“剥夺某人的某东西(或某权利)”。
24.someonesomeone解析:由本文的第一句话“‘Down-to-earth’meanssomeoneorsomethingthatishonest.realisticandeasytodealwith.”可知“Down-to-earth”指的是诚实,现实、平易近人的那些人。这里的someone和后面是相对应的。故答案为someone。
25.WarmWarm解析:由此句中的“contrastiveviews”可知,观点是相对的,此空所在短句意为“从…赞扬到冷酷的批评”,显然,应是“热烈的”。
26.B解析:B中提到“TheaccoladeofwinningtheSchools
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