2021高三统考北师大版英语一轮（经典版）课时作业：第一编 Book 8 Unit 24 Society含解析

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精2021高三统考北师大版英语一轮（经典版）课时作业：第一编Book8Unit24Society含解析课时作业Ⅰ。阅读理解A(2019·全国卷Ⅱ）MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself，quietlyreadingherebookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness！LunchisBechtel's“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she'snotalone。Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf（53percent）havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent）havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent，accordingtostatisticsfromthereport。“Iprefertogooutandbeout。Alone，buttogether，youknow？”Bechtelsaid，lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel，whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes，butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk。Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized。“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself，”shesaid.Justtwoseatsover，AndrewMazoleny，alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar。Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirstnamebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流）。“Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek，”hesaid。“It'sachanceforselfreflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan。"Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone。Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone，butthosedaysareover。Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable。“Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology，”saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport。篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现在的美国人多数喜欢独自一人吃饭，他们喜欢这种独处带来的自由.1。Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about？A。Foodvariety. B．Eatinghabits。C。Tablemanners。 D．Restaurantservice。答案：B推理判断题。根据第二段中的大部分人独自吃早饭或午饭，一起吃晚饭的数据可知，这是对美国人的饮食习惯进行了调查,故答案为B.2。WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A.Tomeetwithhercoworkers。B.Tocatchupwithherwork.C.Tohavesometimeonherown.D.Tocollectdataforherreport.答案:C细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Bechtel更喜欢出去吃午饭的原因是想拥有自己的时间,故答案为C。3。WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny？A.Hemakesvideosforthebar。B.He’sfondofthefoodatthebar.C.Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D.He'sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.答案：D推理判断题。根据题干中的Mazoleny可定位到第四段第一、二句，其中“beonafirstnamebasis"的意思是“关系好，可以直呼其名"，由此可知Mazoleny与酒吧服务员很熟，故答案为D。4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B。Theimportanceofselfreflection。C。Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.答案:A主旨大意题。根据第一、三、四段的例子，第二段的数据以及最后一段第一句再次提及的“eatalone”可知，本文主要说了独自用餐已经逐渐成为一种趋势，故答案为A.B（2019·山东省潍坊市高三4月二模)Charityissimpleintheory:Aheartwarms,ahandreachesout.Inpractice，though,charitycanbecomeatroubledmixofmotivesandconsequences。Givingcanbedrivenbyguilt，duty，praise,orperhapsthehopethatgivingwillsomehowmakeupforpastcrueltyorignorance.Toolittlecharityisfarlessthanvaluable。Toomuchcancausedependencewhichmakesthereceivercontinuouslyaskformore。Givingfromtheheartisgood。Butcriticshavelongworriedaboutmisdirectedcharitythatdosemoreharmthangood.Inhis2012book，“HarmfulCharity:HowChurchesandCharitiesHurtThoseTheyHelp(AndHowtoSolvetheProblem)"，RobertLupton，anexperiencedsocialworkerof40yearsofcommunityworkininnercityAtlanta，arguesthatcharitymustnotdoforthepoorwhattheycandoforthemselves.Duetoemergenciessuchasnaturaldisasters，theafterwardfinancialaidisgreatlywelcome.MrLuptonadvocatesitshouldfocusonthedevelopmentofselfsupporting.Thetaskcanbecarriedoutvia,forinstance,offeringmicroloans,hiringlocalbuildersandsuppliers，andtryingtofoundselfsupported,locallyownedandoperatedenterprises.Whatseldomworks，heargues，areuntargetedhandoutsfromfaroffprovidersandthesuddenarrivalofinexperiencedvolunteertouristshopingtoearnpersonalreputationbydiggingwellsormendingroofsthatlocalsareperfectlyabletotakecareofthemselves。Gettingcharityrightisn’teasy。ButfrommoneyraisingtotheboominvolunteeringamongMillennials（千禧一代)，fromtheincreasingworldwidewillingnesstogivetotheeffortsbycharityorganizationstobecomemoreeffectiveandfruitful,thereisstrongevidencethathumanbeings’abilityoftakingcareofothersisgrowingalongwiththeirabilitytohelpwithoutharming.Charitycanbeassimpleasholdingthedoorforastrangerandascomplexasaglobalcampaigntogetridofmalaria（疟疾).Charityworksbestwhenitreturnstheweaktostrength,whenithelpsasmalltownshakenbyaheavyearthquakegetbackonitsfeet.Asuccessfulcharityisonethateventuallyisnolongerneeded.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了正确的慈善行为的必要性以及如何正确地开展慈善活动。5.Whyhavecriticsworriedaboutmisdirectedcharity？A。Itmaydoharmtoreceivers。B。Itmaycauseindependence。C。Itcanbedrivenbyguilt.D.Itcanbeencouragedbyduty.答案:A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Butcriticshavelongworriedaboutmisdirectedcharitythatdoesmoreharmthangood.”可知，批评人士担心错误的慈善行为可能给接受者带来伤害.6。Whatcanbeaproperwaytogivecharityintimeofnaturaldisasters？A.Hiringfaroffvolunteers.B.Diggingwellsforvictims.C。Givingoutuntargetedhandouts。D.Helpinglocalstobeselfsupported.答案：D细节理解题.根据第三段第二句“MrLuptonadvocatesitshouldfocusonthedevelopmentofselfsupporting。”可知，帮助当地人自立是自然灾害发生后开展慈善活动的合适方法.7.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A.It’seasytogivecharitywithoutharming.B.Millennialsarevolunteeringtoraisemoney.C.People’sabilityofgivingcharityisimproving.D。Charityorganizationsarespreadingallovertheworld.答案：C推理判断题.根据第四段尤其是最后一句中的“humanbeings'abilityoftakingcareofothersisgrowingalongwiththeirabilitytohelpwithoutharming"可推知，人们进行慈善活动的能力正在提高。8.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Theworldisinneedofcharity。B。It’snecessarytogetcharityright。C.Charitydoesmoregoodthanharm.D.Givingcharityishelpingourselves.答案：B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，整篇文章主要讲的是错误的慈善行为的危害，如何开展正确的慈善活动，以及正确的慈善行为的意义.故B项“正确的慈善行为很有必要”符合文意。Ⅱ。七选五(2020·辽宁省五校协作体高三上学期联合模拟考试）HowtoBecomeanActivistActivistsarepeoplewhoseetheneedofchangeanddevotetheirtimetodoingsomethingaboutit。__1__Ifyouareinterestedinit，youcandoso。__2__Thiscouldbeanythingfromastudentclubtoanationalorganization.Mostactivistorganizationsofferdifferentlevelsofinvolvement，soyoucandowhateveryoufeelmostcomfortablewith，whetherthatmeansattendingmeetingsanddemonstrationsorjustdonatingalittlemoneywhenyoucan。Volunteeryourtime.Oneofthebestwaystomakeadifferenceistovolunteeryourtime.Reachouttoorganizationsinyourcommunitythatdoworkforyourcause,andaskhowyoucanhelp。Donatemoneyorsupplies.__3__Ifyoucan’taffordtodonatemoneytoanorganizationthatsupportsyourcause，youmaybeabletodonateotherthingstheyneed,likeclothingorcannedfood。Drawthefamilyandfriendsin.Tellyourfamilyandfriendsaboutyourcause,andinvitethemtogetinvolved。Iftheyareinterested,shareliteratureaboutyourcauseorjusttalktothemaboutwhatyouhavelearned。__4__Promoteyourcauseonsocialmedia.Youcanusesocialmediatohelpkeepyourfriendsandfollowersinformedaboutthecauseyousupport.__5__Also,youcaninviteyourfriendstoattendeventsordonatemoneytofundraisers（募集资金者）foryourcause.A。Takeclassesonissuesrelatedtoyourcause.B.Joinanorganizationthatsupportsyourcause.C.Theyaredrivenbypassionandavisionforabetterfuture。D.Ifyoudovolunteerwork，invitethemtovolunteerwithyou.E。Mostactivistsorcharitableorganizationsneedresourcestodotheirwork.F。Postusefularticlesandwriteaboutwhatyouaredoingtostayinvolved。G.Ifyoucan’tgetintouchwiththeminperson,thentryconnectingpeopleonline.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。积极分子是指那些看到变革的需要并投入时间去做些什么的人.本篇文章就如何成为积极分子，从事公益事业提供了一些建议。1.C前一句提到“seetheneedofchangeanddevotetheirtimetodoingsomethingaboutit”（看到变革的需要并投入时间去做些什么)，由此可推知,设空处应是进一步阐述积极分子这样做的原因，故C项“他们被激情和对更美好的未来的憧憬所驱使"符合语境.2。B根据文章结构和设空处所处位置可知，该设空为本段的主题句。根据本段中的“fromastudentclubtoanationalorganization”和“Mostactivistorganizations”可知，本段的主题是关于加入某个组织的.故选B。3.E前一句提到“Donatemoneyorsupplies.”（捐赠金钱或物资），由此可推知，设空处应是说明这样做的原因,故E项“大多数积极分子或慈善组织需要资源来开展工作”符合语境.4。D本段的主题句为“Drawthefamilyandfriendsin.”(让家人和朋友参与进来）,设空前一句是说如果他们感兴趣，向他们分享有关你的事业的宣传资料或仅仅告诉他们你学到的东西，设空处应是进一步说明你让朋友和家人参与的具体做法,故D项符合语境。5。F本段的主题句为“Promoteyourcauseonsocialmedia.”,本段也提到了利用“socialmedia"，这与F项“发布有用的文章,写下你正在做什么来保持参与”密切相关，故选F。Ⅲ。语法填空（2020·湖北省孝感市第一中学高三月考)Eatingsoilcanproducemoreeffectiveresults__1__（compare）toeatingslimmingpills，claimedresearchersfromanAustralianuniversity.ChinaPress__2__（report)thatresearchersfromtheUniversityofSouthAustraliawerelookingforawaytoimprovethebody'sabsorptiontowardsmedicationtopreventmentalillness。They__3__（accident）foundoutthatsoildoesnotonlyattractfat，itcouldalsostopfatfrombeingabsorbedintothebodyandround__4__digestivesystem.Meanwhile，otherresearcherscarriedoutanexperimentby__5__（separate）miceintotwogroups—onegroup__6__(give)slimmingpillsandtheothergroupwithsoil.Aftertwoweeks,theweightofthemice__7__atesoildecreasedobviously.Thiswasthebasisforclaimsthateatingsoilmightmakeit__8__（easy)forthebodytoexcrete(排泄)fatthantakingslimmingpills。However,they__9__(test）toseeifeatingsoilissafeforthebody__10__ifitcouldcauseanysideeffectsinthepastfewmonths。1.________2。________3。________4.________5.________6。________7。________8。________9。________10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍吃土的减肥效果可能比吃减肥药的效果好，并介绍了得出该结论的过程.1。compared考查非谓语动词。句意：澳大利亚的一个研究团队声称，吃土可能比吃减肥药的效果还好。分析句子可知，“compare"与“eatingsoil”属于逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式compared.2。reported考查动词的时态。分析句子可知，本句缺谓语,与其主语“ChinaPress”为主谓关系，陈述过去的事情，故用一般过去时reported。3.accidentally考查词性转换。修饰动词“found"用副词，故用accidentally。4。the考查冠词。消化系统为特指，故用定冠词the。5。separating考查非谓语动词。“by"为介词后接动词ing形式，故用separating。6.was/weregiven考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知,本句缺谓语,“give”与“group"为动宾关系,“group”既可以作单数,故用wasgiven；也可以表示一组老鼠，故也可用复数形式weregiven.7。which/that考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子可知，“atesoil”作限制性定语从句修饰先行词“mice”，从句缺主语，故用关系代词which或者that。8.easier考查形容词比较级。本句为结构makeit＋形容词，根据后文的“than”可知,本句为比较级结构，故用比较级形式easier.9。havebeentesting考查动词的时态。分析本句的“inthepastfewmonths”可知，研究人员过去几个月都