2023年6月英语六级考试真题及答案解析(全3套)

2023年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第1套)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheuseofrobots.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenmoreandmorerobotstaketheplaceofhumanbeingsinindustryaswellaspeople'sdailylives.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswer.fromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此局部试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Projectorganizer.B)Publicrelationsofficer.C)Marketingmanager.D)Marketresearchconsultant.2.A)Quantitativeadvertisingresearch.B)Questionnairedesign.C)Researchmethodology.D)Interviewertraining.3.A)Theyareintensivestudiesofpeople'sspendinghabits.B)Theyexaminerelationsbetweenproducersandcustomers.C)Theylookfornewandeffectivewaystopromoteproducts.D)Theystudytrendsorcustomersatisfactionoveralongperiod.4.A)Thelackofpromotionopportunity.

B)Checkingchartsandtables.

C)Designingquestionnaires.

D)Thepersistentintensity.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)HisviewonCanadianuniversities.

B)Hisunderstandingofhighereducation.

C)Hissuggestionsforimprovementsinhighereducation.

D)HiscomplaintaboutbureaucracyinAmericanuniversities.6.A)Itiswelldesigned.

B)Itisratherinflexible.

C)Itvariesamonguniversities.

D)Ithasundergonegreatchanges.7.A)TheUnitedStatesandCanadacanlearnfromeachother.

B)Publicuniversitiesareoftensuperiortoprivateuniversities.

C)Everyoneshouldbegivenequalaccesstohighereducation.

D)Privateschoolsworkmoreefficientlythanpublicinstitutions.8.A)Universitysystemsvaryfromcountrytocountry.

B)Efficiencyisessentialtouniversitymanagement.

C)Itishardtosaywhichisbetter,apublicuniversityoraprivateone.

D)ManyprivateuniversityintheU.S.areactuallylargebureaucracies.SectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

9.A)Government'sroleinresolvinganeconomiccrisis.

B)Theworseningrealwagesituationaroundtheworld.

C)IndicationsofeconomicrecoveryintheUnitedStates.

D)Theimpactofthecurrenteconomiccrisisonpeopledlife.

10.A)Theywillfeellesspressuretoraiseemployees'wages.

B)Theywillfeelfreetochoosethemostsuitableemployees.

C)Theywillfeelinclinedtoexpandtheirbusinessoperations.

D)Theywillfeelmoreconfidentincompetingwiththeirrivals.

11.A)Employeesandcompaniescooperatetopullthroughtheeconomiccrisis.

B)Governmentandcompaniesjoinhandstocreatejobsfortheunemployed.

C)Employeesworkshorterhourstoavoidlayoffs.

D)Teamworkwillbeencouragedincompanies.

PassageTwo

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Whethermemorysupplementswork.

B)Whetherherbalmedicineworkswonders.

C)Whetherexerciseenhancesone'smemory.

D)Whetheramagicmemorypromisessuccess.

13.A)Theyhelptheelderlymorethantheyoung.B)Theyarebeneficialinonewayoranother.

C)Theygenerallydonothavesideeffects.D)Theyarenotbasedonrealscience.

14.A)Theyareavailableatmostcountryfairs.

B)Theyaretakeninrelativelyhighdosage.

C)Theyarecollectedorgrownbyfarmers.

D)Theyareprescribedbytrainedpractitioners.

15.A)Theyhaveoftenprovedtobeashelpfulasdoingmentalexercise.

B)Takingthemwithothermedicationsmightentailunnecessaryrisks.

C)Theireffectlastsonlyashorttime.

D)Manyhavebenefitedfromthem.SectionC

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.RecordingOne

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Howcatastrophicnaturaldisastersturnouttobetodevelopingnations.

B)HowtheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationstudiesnaturaldisasters.

C)Howpowerlesshumansappeartobeinfaceofnaturaldisasters.

D)Howthenegativeimpactsofnaturaldisasterscanbereduced.

17.A)Bytrainingrescueteamsforemergencies.

B)Bytakingstepstopreparepeopleforthem.

C)Bychangingpeople'sviewsofnature.

D)Byrelocatingpeopletosaferplaces.

18.A)Howpreventiveactioncanreducethelossoflife.

B)HowcourageousCubansareinfaceofdisasters.

C)HowCubanssufferfromtropicalstorms.

D)Howdestructivetropicalstormscanbe.

RecordingTwo

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

19.A)PaybacktheirloanstotheAmericangovernment.

B)Provideloanstothoseinseverefinancialdifficulty.

C)Contributemoretothegoalofawiderrecovery.

D)Speeduptheirrecoveryfromthehousingbubble.

20.A)Somebanksmayhavetomergewithothers.

B)Manysmallerregionalbanksaregoingtofail.

C)Itwillbehardforbankstoprovidemoreloans.

D)Manybankswillhavetolayoffsomeemployees.

21.A)Itwillworkcloselywiththegovernment.

B)Itwillendeavortowriteoffbadloans.

C)Itwilltrytolowertheinterestrate.

D)Itwilltrytoprovidemoreloans.

22.A)Itwon'thelptheAmericaneconomytoturnaround.

B)Itwon'tdoanygoodtothemajorcommercialbanks.

C)ItwillwintheapprovaloftheObamaadministration.

D)Itwillbenecessaryiftheeconomystartstoshrinkagain.

RecordingThree

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Beingunabletolearnnewthings.B)Beingratherslowtomakechanges.

C)Losingtempermoreandmoreoften.D)Losingtheabilitytogetonwithothers.

24.A)Cognitivestimulation.B)Communityactivity.

C)Balanceddiet.D)Freshair.

25.A)Ignoringthesignsandsymptomsofaging.

B)Adoptinganoptimisticattitudetowardslife.

C)Endeavoringtogiveupunhealthylifestyles.

D)Seekingadvicefromdoctorsfromtimetotime.Section

ADirections:

In

this

section,

there

is

a

passage

with

ten

blanks.

You

are

required

to

select

oneword

for

each

blank

from

a

list

of

choices

given

in

a

word

bank

following

the

passage.

Read

thepassage

through

carefully

before

making

your

choices.

Each

choice

in

the

bank

is

identified

bya

letter.

Please

mark

the

corresponding

letter

for

each

item

on,AnswerStreet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions

26

to

35

are

based

on

the

following

passage.Let'ssayyouloveroller-skating.Justthethoughtof__26__onyourroller-skatesbringsasmiletoyourface.Youalsoknowthatroller-skatingisexcellentexercise.Youhavea__27__attitudetowardit.Thisdescriptionofroller-skating__28__thethreecomponentsofanattitude:affect,cognition,andbehavior.Youlovetheactivity;it'sgreatfun.Thesefeelings__29__theaffectiveoremotionalcomponent;theyareanimportantingredientinattitudes.Theknowledgewehaveabouttheobjectconstitutesthecognitivecomponentofanattitude.Youunderstandthehealth__30__thattheactivitycanbring.Finally,attitudeshaveabehavioralcomponent.Ourattitudes__31__ustogooutsidetoenjoyroller-skating.Now,wedon'twanttoleaveyouwiththe__32__thatthesethreecomponentsalwaysworktogether__33__.Theydon't;sometimestheyclash.Forexample,let'ssayyoulovepizza(affectivecomponent);however,youhavehighcholesterolandunderstand(knowledgecomponent)thateatingpizzamaybebadforyourhealth.Whichbehaviorwillyourattituderesultin,eatingpizzaor__34__it?Theanswerdependsonwhichcomponenthappenstobestronger.Ifyouarewalkingpastapizzarestaurantatlunchtime,youremotionsandfeelingsprobablywillbestrongerthanyourknowledgethatpizzamaynotbethebestfoodforyourhealth.Inthatinstance,youhavepizzaforlunch.Ifyouareathometryingtodecidewheretogofordinner,however,theknowledgecomponentmay__35__,andyoudecidetogowhereyoucaneatahealthiermeal.A.avoidingB.benefitsC.highlightD.illustratesE.impressionF.improvesG.inquiringH.perfectlyI.positiveJ.prevailK.primarilyL.promptM.specificationsN.strappingO.typicalSectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheChangingGenerationItturnsouttoday'steenagersaren'tsoscaryafterall.ResultsofUSAWEEKEND'STeens&Parentssurveyrevealagenerationofyoungpeoplewhogetalongwellwiththeirparentsandapproveofthewaythey'rebeingraised.Theythinkoftheirparentswithaffectionandrespect.TheyspeakwithMomorDadwhentheyhaveaproblem.Mostfeelthattheirparentsunderstandthem,andtheybelievetheirfamilyistheNo.1priorityintheirparents,lives.Manyeventhinktheirparentsarecool!Althoughmorethanathirdhaveanobjectintheirroomstheywouldliketokeepsecretfromtheirparents,rarelyisitanythingmorealarmingthanadiaryoroff-color(低俗的)bookorCD.Suchresultsmayseemsurprisingagainstthebackgroundofshockingincidentsthatcolorthewaythemassmediaportraytheyoung.InOctober2000,,thesamemonththesurveywastaken,theWashington-basedCenterforMediaandPublicAffairswroteinitspublicationMediaMonitorthat,inarecentmonthofTVnewscoverageofAmericanyouth,just2%ofteenswereshownathome,andjust1%wereportrayedinaworksetting.Incontrast,thecriminaljusticesystemaccountedfornearlyoneoutofeveryfivevisualbackgrounds.Nowonderparentsworrytheirownkidsmightspinoutofcontroloncetheyhittheturbulentwatersofadolescence.Theoverallfactsoughttoreassureus.Thesurveyshowsusthattoday'steensareaffectionate,sensibleandfarhappierthantheangryandtorturedsoulsthathavebeenpaintedforusbystereotypes.Fromothersources,wealsoknowteenagecrime,drugabuseandpremaritalsexareingeneraldecline.We,ofcourse,needtopayattentiontoyoungsterswhoarefilledwithdiscontentandhostility,butweshouldnotallowtheseextremecasestodistortourviewofmostyoungpeople.MyownresearchattheStanfordCenteronAdolescenceusesin-depthinterviewswithsmallsamplesofyoungstersratherthanlarge-scalesurveys.Still,inmystudiesandothersIhaveread,IfindthesamepatternsasinUSAWEEKEND'Ssurvey.Today'steenagersadmiretheirparentsandwelcomeparentalguidanceaboutimportantmatterssuchascareerchoice—thoughcertainlynotMomandDad'sadviceonmattersofpersonaltaste,suchasmusicorfashion.Whenweaskteenstochooseahero，theyusuallyselectanolderfamilymemberratherthanaremotepublicfigure.Mostteenssaytheyenjoythecompanyofbothparentsandfriends.Contrarytosomestereotypes,mostadolescentsbelievetheymustbetolerantofdifferencesamongindividuals(thoughtheydonotalwaysfindthiseasyinthecliquish(拉帮结派的)environmentofhighschool).Manyofthemvolunteerforcommunityservicewithdisadvantagedpeople.Oneprevalentqualitywehavefoundinteens,statementsaboutthemselves,theirfriendsandtheirfamiliesisastrikinglypositiveemotionaltone.Byandlarge,theseareverynicekids,andasthebandTheWhousedtosing,"Thekidsarealright."Howmuchistoday'sspiritofharmonyachangefromourmoreturbulentpast?Ameregenerationago,parent-childrelationsweredescribedas"thegenerationgap".Yeteventhenreportsofwidespreadyouthrebellionwereoverdone:Mostkidsinthe'60sand70ssharedtheirparents,basicvalues.Still,itistruethatAmericanfamiliesaregrowingcloseratthedawnofthisnewmillennium(千年).Perhapsthereislesstofightabout,withthecountryinaperiodoftranquilityandthedangersofdrugabuseandotherunwholesomebehaviorwellknown.Perhapsinthefaceofimpersonalandintimidatingglobalization,ayoungperson'sfamilyfeelsmorelikeafriendlyhaventhananoppressivetrap.Andperhapsparentsareactingmorelikeparentsthanintherecentpast.Withinjustthepastfiveyears,Ihavenoticedparentsreturningtoabeliefthatteenagersneedtheguidanceofeldersratherthantheliberal,"anythinggoes"modeofchild-rearingthatbecamepopularinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.Butmissingfromallthesedataisthesensethattoday'syoungcareverymuchabouttheircountry,aboutthebroadercivicandpoliticalenvironment,oraboutthefutureoftheirsociety.Theyseemtobeturninginward—generallyinapro-socialmanner,certainlywithpositivebenefitsforintimaterelationships,buttoooftenattheexpenseofaconnectionwiththepresentandfutureworldbeyond,includingthesocietytheywillonedayinherit.Recently,weexaminedmorethan400essaysonthe"lawsoflife"thatteensfromtwocommunitieshadwrittenaspartofaneducationalprograminitiatedbytheJohnTempletonFoundationinRadnor,Pa.Inthoseessays,andinfollow-upinterviewswithafewoftheteenagers,wefoundlotsofinsight,positivefeelingandinspirationalthinking.Butwealsofoundlittleinterestinciviclifebeyondthetightcirclesoftheirfamilyandimmediatefriends.Forexample,onlyoneboysaidhewouldliketobepresidentwhenhegrowsup.WhenIwasinhighschool,dozensinmyclassalonewouldhaveanswereddifferently.Infact,otherrecentstudieshavefoundtherehasneverbeenatimeinAmericanhistorywhensosmallaproportionofyoungpeoplehavesoughtoracceptedleadershiprolesinlocalcivicorganizations.Itisalsotroublingthatvotingratesamongouryoungesteligiblevoters—18-to24-year-olds—arewaydown:Littlemorethanoneinfournowgotothepolls,eveninnationalelections,comparedwithalmosttwicethatmanywhen18-year-oldswerefirstgiventhevote.Inourinterviews,manystudentsviewedpoliticswithsuspicionanddistaste."Mostpoliticiansarekindofcrooked(不老实的)"onestudentdeclared.Another,discussingnationalpolitics,said,“Ifeellikeonepersoncan'tdothatmuch,andIgettheimpressionmostpeopledon'tthinkagroupofpeoplecandothatmuch."Askedwhattheywouldliketochangeintheworld,thestudentsmentionedonlypersonalconcernssuchasslowingdownthepaceoflife,gaininggoodfriends,becomingmorespiritual,becomingeithermoremateriallysuccessfulorlessmateriallyoriented(dependingonthestudent'svalues),andbeingmorerespectfuloftheEarth,animalsandotherpeople.Oneboysaid,"I'dratherbeconcentratingonartisticeffortsthansavingtheworldorsomething."Itisfineandhealthyforteenstocultivatetheirpersonalinterests,anditisgoodnewswhenyoungpeopleenjoyharmoniousrelationswiththeirfamilyandfriends.Butthereisalsoaplaceinayounglifefornoblepurposesthatincludeadedicationtothebroadersociety,aloveofcountryandanaspirationtomaketheirownleadershipcontributions.Inthepast,theyounghaveeagerlyparticipatedinnationalserviceandcivicaffairs,oftenwithlotsofenergyandidealism.Ifthisisnothappeningtoday,weshouldaskwhy.Oursocietyneedsthefullparticipationofitsyoungercitizensifitistocontinuetothrive.Weknowthepromiseisthere—thisisawell-grounded,talented,warm-heartedgroupofyoungsters.Wehaveeverythingtogainbyencouragingthemtoexploretheworldbeyondtheirimmediateexperienceandtopreparethemselvesfortheirturnatshapingthatworld.注意：此局部试题请在答题卡2上作答。Notmanyyoungpeopleeligibleforvotingareinterestedinlocalornationalelectionsthesedays.Parentsareconcernedthattheirchildrenmaygetinvolvedincriminaloffencesoncetheyreachtheirteens.Evenduringtheturbulentyearsoflastcentury,youthrebellionwasoftenexaggeratedinthemedia.Teenagersoftodayoftenturntotheirparentsforadviceonsuchimportantmattersascareerchoice.Theincidenceofteenagecrimeandmisbehaviorisdecreasingnowadays.Youngpeopleshouldhaveloftyidealsinlifeandstrivetobeleaders.Someyoungpeopleliketokeepsomethingtothemselvesanddon'twanttheirparentstoknowaboutit.Itisbeneficialtoencourageyoungpeopletoexplorethebroaderworldandgetreadytomakeitabetterplace.Manyteenagersnowoffertorenderservicetotheneedy.Interviewswithstudentsfindmanyofthemareonlyconcernedaboutpersonalmatters.SectionCDirections:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ManufacturersofproductsthatclaimtobeenvironmentallyfriendlywillfacetighterrulesonhowtheyareadvertisedtoconsumersunderchangesproposedbytheFederalTradeCommission.Thecommission'srevised"GreenGuides"warnmarketersagainstusinglabelsthatmakebroadclaims,like"eco-friendly".Marketersmustqualifytheirclaimsontheproductpackagingandlimitthemtoaspecificbenefit,suchashowmuchoftheproductisrecycled."Thisisreallyabouttryingtocutthroughtheconfusionthatconsumershavewhentheyarebuyingaproductandthatbusinesseshavewhentheyaresellingaproduct,"saidJonLeibowitz,chairmanofthecommission.Therevisionscomeatatimewhengreenmarketingisontherise.Accordingtoanewstudy,thenumberofadvertisementswithgreenmessagesinmainstreammagazineshasrisensince1987,andpeakedin2023at10.4%.In2023,thenumberdroppedto9%.Butwhilethenumberofadvertisementsmayhavedipped,therehasbeenarapidspreadofecolabeling.Therearebothgoodandbadplayersintheeco-labelinggame.Inthelastfiveyearsorso,therehasbeenanexplosionofgreenclaimsandenvironmentalclaims.Itisclearthatconsumersdon'talwaysknowwhattheyaregetting.Ahandfuloflawsuitshavebeenfiledinrecentyearsagainstcompaniesaccusedofusingmisleadingenvironmentallabels.In2023and2023,class-actionlawsuits(集体诉讼)werefiledagainstSCJohnsonforusing"Greenlist"labelsonitscleaningproducts.Thelawsuitssaidthatthelabelwasmisleadingbecauseitgavetheimpressionthattheproductshadbeencertifiedbyathirdpartywhenthecertificationwasthecompany'sown."WeareveryproudofouraccomplishmentsundertheGreenlistsystemandwebelievethatwewillprevailinthesecases,"ChristopherBeard,directorofpublicaffairsforSCJohnson,said,whileacknowledgingthat"thishasbeenanareathatisdifficulttonavigate."Companieshavealsotakenituponthemselvestocontesteachother'sgreenclaims.DavidMallen,associatedirectoroftheCouncilofBetterBusinessBureau,saidinthelasttwoyearstheorganizationhadseenanincreaseinthenumberofclaimscompanieswerebringingagainsteachotherforfalseormisleadingenvironmentalproductclaims."Aboutonceaweek,IhaveaclientthatwillbringupanewcertificationI'veneverevenheardofandI'minthisindustry,saidKevinWilhelm,chiefexecutiveofficerofSustainableBusinessConsulting."It'skindofaWildWest,anybodycanclaimthemselvestobegreen."Mr.Wilhelmsaidtheexcessoflabelsmadeitdifficultforbusinessesandconsumerstoknowwhichlabelstheyshouldpayattentionto.46.Whatdotherevised"GreenGuides"requirebusinessestodo?A)Manufactureasmanygreenproductsaspossible.

B)Indicatewhethertheirproductsarerecyclable.

C)Specifyinwhatwaytheirproductsaregreen.

D)Attachgreenlabelstoalloftheirproducts.47.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutconsumersfacinganexplosionofgreenclaims?A)Theycaneasilyseethroughthebusinesses'tricks.

B)Theyhavetospendlotsoftimechoosingproducts.

C)Theyhavedoubtaboutcurrentgreencertification.

D)Theyarenotclearwhichproductsaretrulygreen.48.WhatwasSCJohnsonaccusedofintheclass-actionlawsuits?

A)Itgaveconsumerstheimpressionthatallitsproductsweretrulygreen.

B)Itgaveathirdpartytheauthoritytolabelitsproductsasenvironmentallyfriendly.

C)Itmisledconsumerstobelievethatitsproductshadbeencertifiedbyathirdparty.

D)Itsoldcleaningproductsthatwerenotincludedintheofficial"Greenlist".49.HowdidChristopherBearddefendhiscompany'slabelingpractice?

A)Therewerenoclearguidelinesconcerninggreenlabeling.

B)Hiscompany'sproductshadbeenwellreceivedbythepublic.

C)Itwasinconformitytotheprevailingpracticeinthemarket.

D)Nolawrequiredtheinvolvementofathirdpartyincertification.50.WhatdoesKevinWilhelmimplybysaying"It'skindofaWildWest"(Line3，Para.11)?

A)Businessescompetetoproducegreenproducts.

B)Eachbusinessactsitsownwayingreenlabeling.

C)Consumersgrowwildwithproductslabeledgreen.

D)AnythingproducedintheWestcanbelabeledgreen.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.America'seducationsystemhasbecomelessaladderofopportunitythanastructuretotransmitinequalityfromonegenerationtothenextThat'swhyschoolreformissocritical.Thisisanissueofequality,opportunityandnationalconscience.It'snotjustabouteducation,butaboutpovertyandjustice.It'struethatthemainreasoninner-cityschoolsdopoorlyisn'tteachers'unions,butpoverty.Southernstateswithoutstrongteachers'，unionshaveschoolsatleastasawfulasthoseinunionstates.SomeChicagoteachersseemtothinkthattheyshouldn'tbeheldaccountableuntilpovertyissolved.There'restepswecantakethatwouldmakesomedifference,andMayorRahmEmanuelistryingsomeofthem—yettheunionisresisting.I'dbesympatheticiftheunionfocusedsolelyonhighercompensation.Teachersneedtobemuchbetterpaidtoattractthebestcollegegraduatestothenation'sworstschools.But,instead,theChicagounionseemstobeusingitspoliticalcapitalprimarilytoprotectweakperformers.

There'ssolidevidencethattherearehugedifferencesintheeffectivenessofteachers.ThegoldstandardstudybyHarvardandColumbiaUniversityscholarsfoundthateveninhigh-povertyschools,teachersconsistentlyhadahugepositiveornegativeimpact.Getabottom1%teacher,andtheeffectisthesameasifachildmisses40%oftheschoolyear.Getateacherfromthetop20%,andit'sasifachildhasgonetoschoolforanextramonthortwo.Thestudyfoundthatstrongteachersinthefourththrougheighthgradesraisedtheskillsoftheirstudentsinwaysthatwouldlastfordecades.Justhavingastrongteacherforoneelementaryyearleftpupilsabitlesslikelytobecomemothersasteenagers,abitmorelikelytogotocollegeandearningmoremoneyatage28.Howdoesonefigureoutwhoisaweakteacher?Yes,that'sachallenge.Butresearchersareimprovingsystemstomeasureateacher'sperformancethroughouttheyear,and,withthreeyearsofdata,ifsusuallypossibletotellwhichteachersarefailing.Unfortunately,theunioninChicagoisinsistingthatteacherswhoarelaidoff—oftenforbeingineffective—shouldgetpriorityinnewhiring.That'saninsulttostudents.Teachingissoimportantthatitshouldbelikeotherprofessions,withhighpayandgoodworkingconditionsbutfewjobprotectionsforbottomperformers.Thisisn'tabattlebetweengarmentworkersandgreedybosses.ThecentralfiguresintheChicagoschoolsstrikeareneitherstrikersnormanagersbut350,000children.Protectingtheuniondemandsacrificesthosestudents,ineffectturningablindeyetotheinjusticeintheeducationsystem.51.WhatdowelearnaboutAmerica'seducationsystem?

A)Itprovidesaladderofopportunityforthewealthy.

B)Itcontributeslittletotheeliminationofinequality.

C)Ithasremainedbasicallyunchangedforgenerations.

D)Ithasbroughtupgenerationsofresponsiblecitizens.52.Whatischieflyresponsiblefortheundesirableperformanceofinner-cityschools?

A)Unqualifiedteachers.C)Unfavorablelearningenvironment.

B)Lackoffinancialresources.D)Subconsciousracialdiscrimination.53.Whatdoestheauthorthinktheunionshoulddotowinpopularsupport?

A)Assistthecitygovernmentinreformingschools.C)Demandhigherpayforteachers.

B)Giveconstructiveadvicetoinner-cityschools.D)Helpteachersimproveteaching.54.WhatisthefindingofthegoldstandardstudybyHarvardandColumbiaUniversityscholars?

A)Manyinner-cityschoolteachersarenotequaltotheirjobs.

B)Alargeproportionofinner-citychildrenoftenmissclasses.

C)Manystudentsaredissatisfiedwiththeirteachers.

D)Studentperformancehasalottodowithteachers.55.WhydoestheauthorsaytheChicagounionsdemandisaninsulttostudents?

A)Itprotectsincompetentteachersattheexpenseofstudents.

B)Itunderestimatesstudents,abilitytotellgoodteachersfrompoorones.

C)Itmakesstudentsfeelthattheyarediscriminatedagainstinmanyways.

D)Ittotallyignoresstudents，initiat