Unit+3+Grammar+and+usage 高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第二册

新牛津译林版高中英语必修二Unit3FestivalsandCustoms

GrammarandUsageLead-inWhatdidLuludoyesterdayevening?Yesterday,Iwasgoingtoseeanewmovieaftersupper.Iwasjustabouttoleavehomewhenafriendofminecalled.SoItoldherthatIwasgoingtothenearbycinemaandaskedwhethershewouldliketowatchthemoviewithme.Shesaidyesandthatshewouldmeetmeatthegateat7:30.Wehadawonderfultimeandthefilmwasgreat.Whattenseareused?ONEDOLLARANDEIGHTY-SEVENCENTS.Thatwasallshehad.Dellacounteditthreetimes.Onedollarandeighty-sevencents.AndthenextdaywouldbeChristmas.IfshewastobuyanicegiftforherhusbandJim,shewouldneedmoremoney.Buthowcouldsheearnsome?Dellastoodinfrontofthemirrorinherapartment.Shelookedatherreflection,brushedherlong,brownhair,andmadeuphermind:shewasgoingtosellherhair.Withthemoneyshereceivedforit,shewouldbuyJimaperfectgift.Dellahadherhaircutoffandsolditfortwentydollars.ShespentthenexttwohourshuntingforJim’sgift.Shefounditatlast:asimplebutbeautifulwatchchainforhisgoldwatch,whichhadbeenpasseddowntohimfromhisgrandfather.Dellapaidtwenty-onedollarsforthewatchchain,andhurriedhomewiththeremainingeighty-sevencents.Shelookedatherreflectioninthemirrorcarefullyagain.Shefeltnervous.Didshelooklikealittleschoolboywithoutherbeautifullonghair?WouldJimstillthinkshewaspretty?Shewasabouttofindout.BelowisastoryabouthowDellapreparedagiftforherhusbandJimduringtheChristmasseason.ExploringtherulesFindthesentencesthatusefutureinthepastandfillintheboxbelow.AndthenextdaywouldbeChristmas.IfshewastobuyanicegiftforherhusbandJim,shewouldneedmoremoney.…shewasgoingtosellherhair.…shewouldbuyJimaperfectgift.WouldJimstillthinkshewaspretty?Shewasabouttofindout._______________________________________Workingouttherules1.Weusefutureinthepasttodescribeanaction___________fromtheperspectiveofsomepoint_________.2.Weformfutureinthepastinstatementsbyusing______,was/wereto,_______________orwas/wereabouttowiththebaseformofaverb.

inthefuture

inthepast

would

was/weregoingtoFutureinthepastABBB

past

present

future

Whenwetalkaboutthepast,wesometimeswanttorefertosomethingwhichwasinthefutureatthetimewewerespeaking.Thenweusefutureinthepast.Whatdoes''futureinthepast''indicate?(1)would+动词原形e.g.TheformoffutureinthepastWhenNadiminvitedmetohissister’swedding,Iknewitwouldbetheopportunityofalifetime.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.MissZhangsaidshe__________(visit)theGreatWallthenextweekend.

2.Shetoldhimthatshe___________(notstay)hereforlong.3.Iwasn’tsurewhetherLucy__________(come)thenextyear.4.Thescientistssaidtheworld’spopulation__________(grow)slowlyinfuture.wouldvisitwouldn’tstaywouldcomewouldgrow(2)was/weregoingto+动词原形e.g.Thentheytooksevenstepstogetherbythefire,andwitheachstepmadeadifferentpromiseabouthowtheyweregoingtosupporteachotherandlivetogetherhappily.(3)was/wereto+动词原形e.g.IfshewastobuyanicegiftforherhusbandJim,shewouldneedmoremoney(4)was/wereaboutto

+动词原形e.g.Luckily,Iarrivedjustintime—theshowwasabouttobeginasItookmyplaceinthemerrycrowd.(5)come，go，leave，arrive，start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。例如：Hesaidthetrainwasleavingatsixthenextmorning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。Shetoldmeshewascomingtoseeme.她告诉我她要来看我。(6)条件状语从句、时间状语等状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：WhenshecameIwouldletyouknow.我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。TheteachersaidthatitwouldbeverydifficulttomakeprogressifIdidn’tworkhard.老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。过去将来时表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情，多用在宾语从句中。还可以表示过去的倾向或过去经常发生的事情。Wheneverhehadtime,hewoulddosomereading.WhenIwasyoung,I’dlistentotheradio,waitingformyfavoritesongs.WhentheyplayedI’dsingalong,itmademesmile.Thoseweresuchhappytimesandnotsolongago,howIwonderedwherethey’dgonebutthey’rebackagainjustlikealonglostfriend,allthesongsIlovesowell….过去将来时典型错误例析1.我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。误：Wedidn’tknowwhetherheisgoingtospeakat

themeeting.正：Wedidn’tknowwhetherhewasgoingtospeakat

themeeting.析：该句主句为过去时，且宾语从句表示从过去某个

时间看来将要发生的动作，所以从句要用过去将

来时态。2.老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。误：TheteacheraskedTomwhathewasgoingtobe

whenhewouldgrowup.正：TheteacheraskedTomwhathewasgoingtobe

whenhegrewup.析：在时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过

去看来将要发生的动作。3.他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去农场。误：Theysaidthattheyweregoingtothefarmifit

wouldnotrainthenextSunday.正：Theysaidthattheyweregoingtothefarmifit

didn’trainthenextSunday.析：在条件状语从句中，也常用一般过去时表示在

过去看来将要发生的动作。4.王林打电话告诉她妈妈，她要买一些书。误：WangLinranguptotellhermotherthatshe

shouldbuysomebooks.正：WangLinranguptotellhermotherthatshe

wouldbuysomebooks.析：过去将来时可以由“助动词should/would+动词

原形”构成，但should一般只用于第一人称。

而would可用于各种人称。5.Hetoldmethemeetingwasabouttobeginbeforelong.Hetoldmethemeetingwasabouttobegin.√含beabouttodo的句子不能再加时间状语

①表坚决的命令，可以翻译成“必须”。例

Nooneistoenterthisbuildingwithout

thepermissionofthesecurityguard.例Aninsuranceagentistomeetusthis

afternoon.②表“计划”或“安排的事项”。betodo的用法（9种）以am/is/aretodo为例

betodo的用法：

③

表示“可能性”。例Areyoutopaythedebtforyourwife?例

Ifallofusaretoremainfriendly,we

mustbesincerewithoneanother.④

表“意图”“决心”或“打算”。

⑤

表“应该”。例Youaretocallthepolice.例Youaretoanswerforwhatyouhavedone.⑥

表“注定”或“不可避免”必然发生“”。betodo的用法：

⑦用于虚拟语气，表示一种假设。例IfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoitwell.例Theactualusefulnessofthenewlyinvented

equipmentisstilltobedetermined.⑧

表“有待将来”。betodo的用法：

9.betoblame(该受责备，对某事应担责任)与betolet(待出租)两种结构中，用不定式的

主动形式表被动意义.例：Whichdriveristoblamefortheaccident?Thishouseistolet.betodo的用法：

UnderstandingfutureinthepastFormUsagewoulddoUsedtovolunteerorpromiseormakepredictionsaboutthefuture.was/weretodoUsedtotalkaboutofficialarrangements,officialordersandthingsthatshouldbedone.was/weregoingtodoOftenusedtoplanormakepredictionsaboutthefuture.was/wereabouttodoUsedtorefertoarrangedactionsthathappenintheimmediatefuture,oftenusedwith''just''.B1Completetheconversationswiththecorrectexpressionsinthebrackets.1

Paul:I(a)

____________(visited/wasaboutto

visit)themuseumwithmyfriendslast

weekend.Whataboutyou?

Emily:I(b)

_________________(saw/was

goingtosee)adocumentaryfilmabout

theSpringFestivalwithJoannaon

Saturday,butshedidn'tfeelwell.So

Ijuststayedathome.visitedwasgoingtoseeApplytherulesB1Completetheconversationswiththecorrectexpressionsinthebrackets.2

Alex:We(a)

________________________(aregoingto

handin/weregoingtohandin)ourreport

onfestivalsaroundtheworldnext

Monday.

Colin:Yes,butI(b)

_________________(wasn'ttostart/haven'tstarted)ityet.Alex:Youtoldmeyou(c)

_____________(wouldworkon/workedon)italldayyesterday.

Colin:Oh,I(d)

_________________(was

abouttostart/wouldstart)whenmy

cousin(e)

_______(wouldcome/came)

over.aregoingtohandinhaven'tstartedwouldworkonwasabouttostartcameJimwasshoppingforagiftforhiswife.The

next

day(1)

___________Christmas.Withanincomeoftwentydollarsperweek,lifewashardforthecouple,

butJimwantedtobuyaperfectgiftforDella.HethoughtofthebeautifulsetofcombsonshowinoneoftheshopwindowsonBroadway.Dellahadwantedthosecombsforsolong.Tomorrow,Jimdecided,he(2)

________________________________Della'sdreamcometrue.Jimlookedatthegoldwatchthathadbeenhisfather'sandhisgrandfather's.HeandDellaownedtwothingswhichtheywerebothveryproudof.OnewasJim'sgoldwatch,andtheotherwasDella'sbeautifulhair.Jimalreadyknewwhathehadtodo:he(3)

____________________________hiswatch.Thatafternoon,Jimsoldthewatch,wenttotheshopforthecombsandreturnedhomewithapackageinhispocket.Hewassurethatthey(4)

__________________________themostwonderfulgiftforDella.Jimwasexcitedaboutwhatshe(5)

____________________

______________whenshesawhergiftthenextday.B2Completethestorywiththecorrectverbintheboxbelow,usingfutureinthepast.makethinkbesellwouldbewasgoingtomake/wouldmakewasgoingtosell/wouldsellweregoingtobe/wouldbewasgoingtothink/wouldthink

B3Writeanendingforthestoryusingfutureinthepast.WhatdoyouthinkDellaandJimwoulddowhentheyfoundoutwhathadhappened?ExpressYourselfDellaarrivedhomeandadmiredJim'swatchchain.ShecouldnotwaittoseehowJimwouldreactwhen