考研真题：广东暨南大学2021年翻译硕士英语考试真题

考研真题：暨南大学2021年[翻译硕士英语]考试真题I.Vocabulary&Grammar(30%)Directions:Thereare30sentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChooseONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.1.Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirst,forittakes________overalltheotherissues.A.

precedence

B.

prosperity

C.

presumption

D.

probability

2.Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite________qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.

A.

manipulated

B.

unbiased

C.

distorted

D.

conveyed3.Turningcultivatedlandbackintoforestsorpastureisafundamentalwaytostemsoil________anddesertificationinthelongrun.A.

erosion

B.

depletion

C.

violation

D.

delusion4.Inthatcountry,apersonwhomarriesbeforelegalagemusthaveaparent’s

________

toobtainalicense.

A.

sanction

B.

warrant

C.

malignance

D.

affirmation

5.Thediscrepancyinthecompanyaccountsisso________

thatnoauditorcouldhavefailedtonoticeit.

A.

spontaneous

B.

conspicuous

C.notorious

D.

superfluous

6.Furthermore,ifIweretoleavehim,hewould________,forhecannotenduretobeseparatedfrommeformorethanonehour.A.prevail

B.preside

C.perish

D.persecute7.Childhoodcanbeatimeofgreatinsecurityandloneliness,duringwhichtheneedtobeacceptedbypeers________greatsignificance. A.takeson B.worksoutC.bringsabout D.givesin8.Thebookmightwellhave________haditbeenlessexpensive. A.workedout

B.gonethroughC.caughton D.fittedin9.I’llhaveto________thisdressabitbeforetheweddingnextweek. A.letoff

B.letgo

C.letloose

D.letout10.Theintegrationofstafffortraininghasledtoagoodexchangeofideas,greaterenthusiasm,andhigherstaff________.A.moralB.mortalC.moraleD.mores11.Artificialintelligencedealspartlywiththe________betweenthecomputerandthehumanbrain.A.profileB.mightyC.analogyD.leakage12.Thesenaturalresourceswillbe________soonerorlaterifthepresentrateofexploitationcontinues.A.depletedB.deployedC.inclinedD.mingled13.Itisnot______muchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.A.that

B.as

C.so

D.very14.Humanchoice,nottheintrinsiccontentofscience,determinestheoutcomeandscientists,ashumanbeings,thereforehaveaspecialresponsibilitytoprovidecouncilrootedin________.A.expirationB.explanationC.expertiseD.expenditure15.Stocksarenotgoods–theymerelyare________,exchangingcurrentcashflowsfromfutureones.A.conducts B.conduction C.conduits D.products16.Aproductistoberegardedasbeing________whenintroducedintoanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.A.dischargedB.discardedC.disposedD.dumped17.Thegovernmentdecidedtotakea________actiontostrengthenthemarketmanagement.A.diverseB.durableC.epidemicD.drastic18.InflationwillreachitshighestinadecadeacrossmostofAsiathisyear,threateningto________recentproductivitygains.

A.reverseB.reserveC.retrieveD.revise19.Thestudentsseldomwashtheirownclothes;________theyhelptheirparentsdosomehousework.A.ratherthandoB.muchlessdoC.muchmoredoD.muchless20.Inlinkinggeographicallydisparatepeople,theInternetisarguablyhelpingmillionsofspontaneouscommunitiestobloom:communitiesdefinedbycommoninterestsratherthanbytheaccidentof________.A.affluenceB.reciprocityC.contemporarinessD.proximity21.Mr.Brown’sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewill___.A.pullback

B.pullthrough

C.pullup

D.pullout22.ProbablynomanhadmoreeffectonthedailylivesofmostpeopleintheUnitedStates________HenryFord,apioneerinautomobileproduction.A.aswasB.thanwasC.thandidD.asdid23.A________negativeattitudeoftheengineerstowardprojectsfundedbyhiscompanyisthecauseofthedelayofsigningthecontract.A.perpetualB.perniciousC.preventiveD.pervasive24.________,domesticatedgrapesgrowinclusters,rangeincolorfrompalegreentoblack,andcontainsugarinvaryingquantities.

A.TheirbotanicalclassificationasberriesB.AlthoughtheirbotanicalclassificationasberriesC.BecauseberriesbeingtheirbotanicalclassificationD.Classifiedbotanicallyasberries25.

Nothingissouncertainasthefashionmarketwhereonestyle________overanotherbeforebeingreplaced.A.dominatesB.manipulatesC.overwhelmsD.prevails26.Someofthepaintingsformerly________theItalianRenaissanceartistarenowthoughttohavebeencreatedbyoneofhisstudents.A.submittedtoB.adaptedfromC.deniedbyD.attributedto27.ItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliam________hisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties.

A.willcontinueB.continuedC.continueD.continues28.Peoplewhosufferfrom________,forexample,tendtohavedifficultiesgaugingfacialcues,sotheirattentionislessinfluencedbywheresomebodyislooking.A.autismB.assertivenessC.extroversionD.sociability29.We’restartingtorealizethatmagicianshavealotofimplicitknowledgeabouthowweperceivetheworldaroundusbecausetheyhavetodeceiveusintermsofcontrollingattention,exploitingthe________wemakewhenwedoanddon’tnoticeachangeinourenvironment.A.imaginationsB.conceptionsC.perceptionsD.assumptions30.ThehospitaldeniesthereisanyconnectionbetweenthedisciplinaryactionandDr.Reid’s________abouthealthproblems.A.allegianceB.allianceC.allegationsD.alliterationII.ReadingComprehension(40%)Directions:Thispartconsistsoftwosections.InSectionA,therearefourpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.InSectionB,thereisonepassagefollowedbyatotalof5short-answerquestions.ReadthepassagesandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.SectionAMultiple-ChoiceQuestions(30%)Passage1Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Threehundredyearsagonewstravelledbywordofmouthor1etter,andcirculatedintavernsandcoffeehousesintheformofpamphletsandnewsletters.“Thecoffeehousesparticularlyareveryroomyforafreeconversation,andforreadingataneasierrateallmannerofprintednews,”notedoneobserver.Everythingchangedin1833whenthefirstmass-audiencenewspaper,TheNewYorkSun,pioneeredtheuseofadvertisingtoreducethecostofnews,thusgivingadvertisersaccesstoawideraudience.Thepennypress,followedbyradioandtelevision,turnednewsfromatwo-wayconversationintoaone-waybroadcast,witharelativelysmallnumberoffirmscontrollingthemedia.Now,thenewsindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse.Theinternetismakingnewsmoreparticipatory,socialanddiverse,revivingthediscursivecharacteristicsoftheerabeforethemassmedia.Thatwillhaveprofoundeffectsonsocietyandpolitics.Inmuchoftheworld,themassmediaareflourishing.Newspapercirculationrosegloballyby6%between2005and2009.Butthoseglobalfiguresmaskasharpdeclineinreadershipinrichcountries.Overthepastdecade,throughoutthewesternworld,peoplehavebeengivingupnewspapersandTVnewsandkeepingupwitheventsinprofoundlydifferentways.Moststrikingly,ordinarypeopleareincreasinglyinvolvedincompiling,sharing,filtering,discussinganddistributingnews.Twitterletspeopleanywherereportwhattheyareseeing.Classifieddocumentsarepublishedintheirthousandsonline.MobilephonefootageofArabuprisingsandAmericantornadoesispostedonsocial-networkingsitesandshownontelevisionnewscasts.Social-networkingsiteshelppeoplefind,discussandsharenewswiththeirfriends.Anditisnotjustreaderswhoarechallengingthemediaelite.TechnologyfirmsincludingGoogle,FacebookandTwitterhavebecomeimportantconduitsofnews.Celebritiesandworldleaderspublishupdatesdirectlyviasocialnetworks;manycountriesnowmakerawdataavailablethrough“opengovernment”initiatives.Theinternetletspeoplereadnewspapersorwatchtelevisionchannelsfromaroundtheworld.Thewebhasallowednewprovidersofnews,fromindividualbloggerstosites,torisetoprominenceinaveryshortspaceoftime.Andithasmadepossibleentirelynewapproachestojournalism,suchasthatpracticedbyWikiLeaks,whichprovidesananonymouswayforwhistleblowerstopublishdocuments.Thenewsagendaisnolongercontrolledbyafewpressbaronsandstateoutlets.Inprinciple,everyliberalshouldcelebratethis.Amoreparticipatoryandsocialnewsenvironment,witharemarkablediversityandrangeofnewssources,isagoodthing.Thetransformationofthenewsbusinessisunstoppable,andattemptstoreverseitaredoomedtofailure.Asproducersofnewjournalism,individualscanbescrupulouswithfactsandtransparentwiththeirsources.Asconsumers,theycanbegeneralintheirtastesanddemandingintheirstandards.Andalthoughthistransformationdoesraiseconcerns,thereismuchtocelebrateinthenoisy,diverse,vociferous,argumentativeandstridentlyaliveenvironmentofthenewsbusinessintheagesoftheinternet.Thecoffeehouseisback.Enjoyit.31.Accordingtothepassage,whatinitiatedthetransformationofcoffee-housenewstomass-medianews?A.Theappearanceofbigmassmediafirms.B.Theemergenceofadvertisinginnewspapers.C.Thepopularityofradioandtelevision.D.Theincreasingnumberofnewspaperreaders.32.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsupports“Now,thenewsindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse”?A.Newspapercirculationrosegloballyby6％between2005and2009.B.PeopleintheWesternworldaregivingupnewspapersandTVnews.C.Classifieddocumentsarepublishedintheirthousandsonline.D.Morepeopleareinvolvedinfinding,discussinganddistributingnews.33.Accordingtothepassage,whichisNOTaroleplayedbyinformationtechnology?A.Challengingthetraditionalmedia.B.Planningthereturntocoffee-housenews.C.Providingpeoplewithaccesstoclassifiedfiles.D.Givingordinarypeoplethechancetoprovidenews.34.In“Thecoffeehouseisback”,coffeehousebestsymbolizes________.A.thechangingcharacteristicsofnewsaudienceB.themorediversifiedmeansofnewsdistributionC.theparticipatorynatureofnewsD.themorevariedsourcesofnews35.Theauthor’stoneinthelastparagraphtowardsnewjournalismis________.A.optimisticandcautiousB.supportiveandskepticalC.doubtfulandreservedD.ambiguousandcautiousPassage2Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheWelshlanguagehasalwaysbeentheultimatemarkerofWelshidentity,butagenerationagoitlookedasifWelshwouldgothewayofManx,oncewidelyspokenontheIsleofManbutnowextinct.Governmentfinancingandcentralplanning,however,havehelpedreversethedeclineofWelsh.RoadsignsandofficialpublicdocumentsarewritteninbothWelshandEnglish,andschoolchildrenarerequiredtolearnbothlanguages.WelshisnowoneofthemostsuccessfulofEurope’sregionallanguages,spokenbymorethanahalf-millionofthecountry’sthreemillionpeople.Therevivalofthelanguage,particularlyamongyoungpeople,ispartofaresurgenceofnationalidentitysweepingthroughthissmall,proudnation.LastmonthWalesmarkedthesecondanniversaryoftheopeningoftheNationalAssembly,thefirstparliamenttobeconvenedheresince1404.TheideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom.Withmostofthepeopleandwealth,Englandhasalwayshadbraggingrights.ThepartialtransferoflegislativepowersfromWestminster,implementedbyTonyBlair,wasdesignedtogivetheothermembersoftheclub–Scotland,NorthernIreland,andWales–abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalforcesthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion.TheWelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution.WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforaWelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent.Itspowerswereproportionatelylimited.TheAssemblycandecidehowmoneyfromWestminsterortheEuropeanUnionisspent.Itcannot,unlikeitscounterpartinEdinburgh,enactlaws.Butnowthatitishere,theWelsharegrowingtoliketheirAssembly.Manypeoplewouldlikeittohavemorepowers.Itsimportanceasfigureheadwillgrowwiththeopeningin2003,ofanewdebatingchamber,oneofmanynewbuildingsthataretransformingCardifffromadecayingseaportintoaBaltimore-stylewaterfrontcity.MeanwhileagrantofnearlytwomilliondollarsfromtheEuropeanUnionwilltacklepoverty.WalesisoneofthepoorestregionsinWesternEurope–onlySpain,Portugal,andGreecehavealowerstandardofliving.NewspapersandmagazinesarefilledwithstoriesaboutgreatWelshmenandwomen,boostingself-esteem.TofamiliarfacessuchasDylanThomasandRichardBurtonhavebeenaddednewiconssuchasCatherineZeta-Jones,themoviestar,andBrynTerfel,theoperasinger.Indigenousfoodslikesaltmarshlambareinvogue.AndWalesnowboastsanationalairline,AwyrCymru.Cymru,whichmeans“landofcompatriots,”istheWelshnameforWales.Thereddragon,thenation’ssymbolsincethetimeofKingArthur,iseverywhere–onT-shirts,rugbyjerseysandevencellphonecovers.“UntilveryrecenttimesmostWelshpeoplehadthisfeelingofbeingsecond-classcitizens,”saidDyfanJones,an18-year-oldstudent.Itwasawarmsummernight,andIwassittingonthegrasswithagroupofyoungpeopleinLlanelli,anindustrialtowninthesouth,outsidetherockmusicvenueoftheNationalEisteddfod,Wales’sannualculturalfestival.ThedisusedfactoryinfrontofusechoedtothesoundsofnewWelshbands.“Therewasalmostagenetictendencyforlackofconfidence,”Dyfancontinued.EquallycomfortableinhisWelshnessasinhismembershipintheEnglish-speaking,globalyouthcultureandthenewfederalEurope,Dyfan,liketherestofhisgeneration,isgrowingupwithasenseofpossibilityunimaginabletenyearsago.“Weusedtothink.Wecan’tdoanything,we’reonlyWelsh.NowIthinkthat’schanging.”36.Accordingtothepassage,devolutionwasmainlymeantto________.A.maintainthepresentstatusamongthenationsB.reducelegislativepowersofEnglandC.createabetterstateofequalityamongthenationsD.grantmoresaytoallthenationsintheunion37.Theword“centrifugal”inthesecondparagraphmeans________.A.separatistB.traditionalC.feudalD.political38.WalesisdifferentfromScotlandinallthefollowingaspectsEXCEPT________.A.people’sdesirefordevolutionB.powersofthelegislativebodyC.statusofthenationallanguageD.locals’turnoutforthevoting39.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcitedasanexampleoftheresurgenceofWelshnationalidentity?A.Welshhaswitnessedarevivalasanationallanguage.B.Poverty-relieffundshavebeenallocatedbytheEuropeanUnion.C.AWelshnationalairlineiscurrentlyinoperation.D.Thenationalsymbolhasbecomeafamiliarsight.40.AccordingtoDyfanJones,whathaschangedis________.A.people’smentalityB.popcultureC.town’sappearanceD.possibilitiesforthepeoplePassage3Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia'sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone–avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation–issimilarto,say,goingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomucheasier.Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.Butkeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.CitizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyonerousforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhileawarrantispending.Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.41.TheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto________.A.searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutbeingauthorizedB.checksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorizedC.preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontentsD.prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones42.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof________.A.disapprovalB.neutralityC.toleranceD.cautiousness43.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentsiscomparableto________.A.gettingintoone’sresidenceB.handingone’shistoricalrecordsC.scanningone’scorrespondencesD.goingthroughone’swallet44.InParagraphs5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat________.A.principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressedB.thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforactionC.phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformationD.citizens’privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected45.OrinKerr’scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat________.A.theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexiblyB.newtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitutionC.California’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitutionD.PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealteredPassage4Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweirdandtheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.TodaythemessagesyouraverageWesternerisbombardedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda–tolureustoopenourwallets–theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.Whatweforget–whatoureconomydependsonisforgetting–isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedsomeonetotellusasreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.46.BycitingtheexampleofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat________.A.poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusicB.artgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeelingC.poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappinessD.artistshavechangedtheirfocusofinterest47.Theword“bummer”(Line5,Paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething________.A.religiousB.happyC.entertainingD.unpleasant48.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising________.A.emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyartB.isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpeerC.replacesthechurchasamajorsourceofinformationD.createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself49.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?A.Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.B.Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.C.Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmorality.D.massmediatendtocoverdisastersanddeaths.50.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves________.A.happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadnessB.theanti-happyartisdistastefulbutrefreshingC.miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandeniedD.theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomyboomsSectionBShort-AnswerQuestions(10%)Passage5Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.From2007to2010,Americanhouseholdslost$l1trillioninrealestate,savings,andstocks.MorethanhalfofallU.S.workerseitherlosttheirjobsorwereforcedtotakecutsinhoursorpayduringtherecession.Theworstmaybebehindthemnow,buttheshockinglossesofthepastfewyearshavereshapednearlyeveryfacetoftheirlives–howtheylive,workandspend–eventhewaytheythinkaboutthefuture.ForCindy,therecessionbeganwhenherhusbandwasrelocatedtoRhinelander,Wisconsinbyhiscompanyforcingthefamilytomoveinahurry.Thecoupleboughtanewhousebutwereunabletoselltheirtwo-bedroomhomeinBigLake,Minnesota.Withtwomortgagesandtwoyoungchildrentocarefor,Cindy