英语voa阅读材料

"ThethirdMondayinJanuaryisafederalholidayintheUnitedStates,marking

thebirthdayofrenownedcivilrightsactivistMartinLutherKingJr.Thisyear,the

holidayhasspecialmeaningformany,aftertheeventsofrecentmonthsin

Ferguson,Missouri,andNewYork.

IfKingwerealivetoday,theywonder,whatwouldhesayaboutthedeathsofMichaelBrown

inFergusonandofEricGarnerinNewYorkCity—bothunarmedandkilledinconfrontations

withpolice——andabouttheangeranddemonstrationsthathavefollowed?

King'sfamous"Ihaveadream'*speech,deliveredduringthe1963MarchonWashington,was

aniconiceventinthestruggletoendracialsegregationandestablishequalrightsforall

citizensoftheUnitedStates.

Lastmonththerewasanother"MarchonWashington."TensofThousandsofdemonstrators

inthenation'scapitalcalledforjusticeinthedeathsofBrownandGarner.

Thisdemonstrationwaspeaceful.AndKing'snieceAlvedaKing—whosefather,A.D.King,

wasalsoacivilrightsactivist—suggestedtheviolentproteststhatoccurredinFergusonafter

agrandjurydidnotindictthepoliceofficerinvolvedinBrown'sdeathwerenottheright

approach.

ShecalledtheFergusonprotestslogan—"Nojustice,nopeace"—aggressiveandsaidthat

onlypeacefulprotestcanleadtoanypositiveresults

AlvedaKingrecalledthedayin1963thatherownhomewasbombed.

°PeoplewantedtodojustwhattheydidinFerguson,"shesaid."Theyweretryingtoturnover

policecars,throwstones.Theyweretryingtobeveryviolent.AndIrememberDaddywas

standingonthecarwithamegaphone,andhewassaying:'Don'triot!Don*tbeviolent!My

familyandIareOK.Please,gohomeandpray.

Somecriticsoftheprotestssuggestthedemonstrationshavecreatedanimositytowards

police,andthattheymayhaveledtothekillingoftwoNewYorkCitypoliceofficers,Rafael

RamosandWenjianLiu.Butoneofthepositivethingstoemergeisapeacefuldiscussion

aboutracialdiscriminationthafstakingplaceinsocialmedia.

"WhenIsee#BlackLivesMatter,Ibelievethatblacklives—fromconceptionandtothe

momentofnaturaldeath,thesick,theelderly,theyoung,theold,theeducated,thosewho

needthingsincommunities—allblacklivesandallhumanlivesmatter,"shesaid.

Inhonoroftheholiday,paradesareorganizedinmanycities,andhymnsaresungin

churchesacrossthecountry.Americans,includingPresidentBarackObamaandhisfamily,

takepartincommunityprojectsaimedatbringingAmericanstogether.

AlvedaKingsaidthatthiswasheruncle'sdream:toseethisnationpeacefulandunited.

乙一BEIJING—InhispreviousStateoftheUnionaddress,PresidentBarack

Obamahighlightedwhathecalledtheurgentneedtoaddressclimatechange一a

topicthatislikelytocomeupagainthisyear.Theworld*stwobiggestpolluters,the

UnitedStatesandChina,recentlyannouncedalandmarkdealaimedatbreathing

newlifeintoglobaleffortstoaddressdimatechange.

InChina,wherechokingsmogfrequentlyfillstheair,thereislittledebateabouttheneedto

curbemissions.

"InChina,theawarenessofclimatechangeandtheconsensusthatthisisarealproblemthat

weneedtocrackismuchhigherthanintheUnitedStates,"saidLiYan,whoheads

Greenpeace'senergyandclimatechangecampaigninBeijing."Also,inthegovernment,the

leadership,therearen'tsomanycritics,therearen'tsomanyskeptics/*

WeaningChinaoffitsbiggestsourceofenergy,coal,willnotbeeasy.Inthedealreachedlast

year,Chinapledgedforthefirsttimetopeakitsemissionsby2030.

LisaystherearesignsBeijingcouldmoveevenfaster,despiteitsheavyrelianceoncheap

fuel.

“It'spossiblethatChinacouldhaveaneconomy-widecoalcontrolschemeinitsnext

five-yearplan,nextyear.AndifChinadoesso,wehaveamuchbetterchanceofturningthe

climatecurve[sooner].M

InWashington,Republicanlawmakerscallthedealajob-killingagreementthatthreatens

middleclassworkers.

“TheagreementrequiresChinatodonothingatallfor16years,whilethesecarbonemission

regulationsarecreatinghavocinmystateandotherstatesaroundthecountry,"saidU.S.

SenatorMitchMcConnell(R-Ken.).

Chinaalsohaseconomicconcernsaboutthedeal.Beijingmayhavepledgedtopeakits

emissionsby2030,butitisalreadytakingstepstoreducepollutingindustriesandthat

meansjoblosses,atatimewhenthecountry'seconomyisalreadyslowing.

Buthavingtheworld'stwobiggestemittersinagreementisimportantforglobalclimate

changeefforts,saysLiYan.Andthehopeisthatisthattheirexample,ifsuccessful,willhelp

spurothercountriestoaggressivelycurbtheirownemissions.

O-WHITEHOUSE-Withhispopularityratingsstartingtoimproveasaresultof

animprovingeconomyandlowerunemployment,PresidentBarackObamais

preparingtofocusonhisdomesticaccomplishmentsinhisupcomingStateofthe

Unionaddress.ButanalystssaytherecentterroristattacksinParisandAmericans1

uneasinessaboutthreatsbyextremistswillbereasonforhimtospeakabouthis

foreignpolicyaswell.

Inthedaysbeforetheannualaddress,PresidentObamahasbeenhighlightinghisdomestic

successes,flyingaroundtheUnitedStatesand,inalargelyunprecedentedmove,giving

previewsoftheannouncementshewillmakeintheareasofjobs,housing,cybersecurity,

andeducation.

ButtheterroristattacksinFranceareasoberingreminderforthepresidentthatthefight

againstextremistsisfarfromoverandremainsatthetopofhisglobalagenda.

wlnthestreetsofParis,theworldhasseenonceagainwhatterroristsstandfor.Theyhave

nothingtoofferbuthatredandhumansuffering.Andwestandforfreedomandhopeandthe

dignityofallhumanbeings.AndthatiswhatthecityofParisrepresentstotheworld,andthat

spiritwillendureforever,longafterthescourgeofterrorismisbanishedfromthisworld,"said

Obama.

Obamain2014launchedabombingcampaignandsentinU.S.troopstohelpcombatIslamic

Statemilitants.Butthatfight,hehassaid,willtakeyears.Thelegacyhewillwanttotalk

aboutismorelikelytobehiseffortforadealtopreventIranfromhavingnuclearweapons.

AnalystLarryKorb,whoservedasObama'scampaignforeignpolicyadviser,saidthe

presidentseesmorereasontofocusondomesticissuesthanglobalmatters.

“Hewilltalkaboutthoseissues,butIthinkherecognizesthatwehavegottogetstrongat

homebeforewecanbestrongintheworld,"saidKorb.

RelationswithRussiahavebeenatalowpointsincetheinvasionofUkraine,butKorbdoes

notexpecttoomuchfocusonwhattheadministrationisfindingtobeanespeciallycomplex

relationship.ThatcomplexitybecameapparentWednesday,whentheRussiansassistedU.S.

astronautsduringanemergencyaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation.

"EverybodyisupsetabouttheRussiansinUkraine.Whosavedourastronautstodayupin

space?TheRussians!WeneedtheRussians.Theyhelpedusgetstuffinandoutof

Afghanistan.So,yeah,youarenothappywiththeminUkraineandsoitisnotlike,'We,gee,

weoughttohaveastrategythatisanti-Russian.1No,weneedtheRussiansandwehave

workedwiththeminacoupleofareas,"saidKorb.

AmongtheforeignpolicysuccessesforObamatohighlight:alandmarkclimatechangedeal

withChina,andthedeploymentofhundredsofU.S.troopstofightEbolainWestAfrica.

INDIANAPOLIS—TheuseofdeadlyforcebylawenforcementofficersinFerguson,

MissouriandelsewhereintheUnitedStatesinrecentmonthshasfocusednew

attentionontheproceduresavailabletocitizenstofileconcernsandcomplaints

againstthepolice.InIndiana,effortsarebeingmadebytheIndianapolis

MetropolitanPoliceDepartmenttogivecitizensavoiceintheefforttopolicethe

police.

JustinHenryisoneofabout1500policeofficerspatrollingzonesinandaroundthecityof

Indianapolis,whereaboutonemillionpeopleeitherliveorwork.

Henry'sjobputshimincontactwithsomeofthesecitizenseveryday.

Forapoliceman,eachencounterisdifferent,oftenuncertainandsometimesdangerous.

PoliceChiefRichard“Rick”Hitesaidhisofficersworktodealwiththatuncertaintybybeing

proactiveaboutknowingthepeopletheypolice.

"Meetsomeoftheresidentsbeforeanissueoccurs,sothatyouarenostrangerwhen

somethinghappensinthecommunitywhenyoushowup.Yourjobistogooutthereandbe

aproblemsolver/'saidHite.

ButwhenacitizenhasacompliantwithanIndianapolispoliceofficer,ChiefHitewillknow

aboutit,thankstotheCitizensPoliceComplaintOffice.

“Weofferthatcitizenanavenuetosayyourvoiceisvaluable,andyoudohaveavoiceinthis

process,andthatpolicecan'tcomeinandtreatpeoplehowevertheywant,"saidLauraWhite,

headoftheCitizens5PoliceComplaintOffice.

White'scomplaintboardismadeupofnineappointedcivilians.Italsoincludesthreelaw

enforcementofficers,buttheydon'tvoteoncasesunderreview.

“Weareanindependentagencyofthepolicedepartment,butwearethereasanavenuefor

thecitizensofIndianapolistoarticulatecomplaintsthattheymayhavehadinalaw

enforcementengagementwithapoliceofficer,"saidWhite.

ThecomplaintprocessinIndianapoliswasestablishedin1989bycityordinancetoensure

independentaccountability.

“Theyreviewthecase,thecomplaint,theinvestigation,andthentheyrenderadecisionon

thefindings,whethertheysustainthefinding,ortheydon*tsustainit,there'snotenough

proofonewayortheothertosaythiscomplaintisvalid,"Whiteexplained.

Buttheresultsofa2012audit,conductedbyaconsultingfirmcontractedbythecity,found

thattherewereseriousrestrictionsonhowthecomplaintswerefiled.

White,whotookovertheofficeaftertheaudit,saidshebelievesrecentfiguresfor2014

indicatetheprocessisworking.

“Wehad[a]total[of]110officersthathadcomplainsfiledagainstthem,andoutofthatwe

had45disciplinesthatcameoutofthat,soalmosthalfresultedindiscipline,nshesaid.

CamernMcEllhiney,aformermemberoftheIndianapolisCitizensComplaintBoard,andnow

servesastheDirectorofTrainingfortheNationalAssociationforCivilianOversightofLaw

Enforcement,orNACOLE,citedtheimportanceofanoutsider'sperspective.

"Whenyouaddtheelementofcivilianstotheprocess,theyareabletolookatitwithan

outsider'sperspective,andmakesurethattheinvestigationisdonefairly,andconsistently

overtime/*saidMcEllhiney.MlthinkwhatFergusonandothernationalcaseshavedonefor

oversightismadenotjustlawenforcementagenciesbutcityleadersandmembersofthe

communityunderstandisthatthisisn'tsomethingthatshouldbedoneaftersomethinghas

happened,thatmaybeifstimetostartdoingoversightaheadoftimesothatbadthingsdon't

happenincommunities.H

Thoughthecomplaintandreviewprocesscanbeintrusiveanddisruptivefortheofficeror

departmentinvolved,ChiefHitewelcomesthescrutiny.

uWehavetohavechecksandbalances.Ifsimportanttorecognizetheyarequality

compliance,MsaidHite.

A2013studybyCaliforniaStateUniversityFullertonshowsthatmorethan100police

departments,manyinlargecities,havecivilianoversightboards.WhileNewYorkCityhas

suchoversight,theFerguson,MissouricitycouncilonlyvotedlastSeptembertosetupa

civilianreviewboard.

4-INDIANAPOLIS—Theuseofdeadlyforcebylawenforcementofficersin

Ferguson,MissouriandelsewhereintheUnitedStatesinrecentmonthshas

focusednewattentionontheproceduresavailabletocitizenstofileconcernsand

complaintsagainstthepolice.InIndiana,effortsarebeingmadebythe

IndianapolisMetropolitanPoliceDepartmenttogivecitizensavoiceintheeffortto

policethepolice.

JustinHenryisoneofabout1500policeofficerspatrollingzonesinandaroundthecityof

Indianapolis,whereaboutonemillionpeopleeitherliveorwork.

Henry*sjobputshimincontactwithsomeofthesecitizenseveryday.

Forapoliceman,eachencounterisdifferent,oftenuncertainandsometimesdangerous.

PoliceChiefRichard“Rick”Hitesaidhisofficersworktodealwiththatuncertaintybybeing

proactiveaboutknowingthepeopletheypolice.

“Meetsomeoftheresidentsbeforeanissueoccurs,sothatyouarenostrangerwhen

somethinghappensinthecommunitywhenyoushowup.Yourjobistogooutthereandbe

aproblemsolver,**saidHite.

ButwhenacitizenhasacompliantwithanIndianapolispoliceofficer,ChiefHitewillknow

aboutit,thankstotheCitizensPoliceComplaintOffice.

“Weofferthatcitizenanavenuetosayyourvoiceisvaluable,andyoudohaveavoiceinthis

process,andthatpolicecan'tcomeinandtreatpeoplehowevertheywant,"saidLauraWhite,

headoftheCitizens*PoliceComplaintOffice.

White'scomplaintboardismadeupofnineappointedcivilians.Italsoincludesthreelaw

enforcementofficers,buttheydon'tvoteoncasesunderreview.

“Weareanindependentagencyofthepolicedepartment,butwearethereasanavenuefor

thecitizensofIndianapolistoarticulatecomplaintsthattheymayhavehadinalaw

enforcementengagementwithapoliceofficer,"saidWhite.

ThecomplaintprocessinIndianapoliswasestablishedin1989bycityordinancetoensure

independentaccountability.

“Theyreviewthecase,thecomplaint,theinvestigation,andthentheyrenderadecisionon

thefindings,whethertheysustainthefinding,ortheydon'tsustainit,there'snotenough

proofonewayortheothertosaythiscomplaintisvalid,"Whiteexplained.

Buttheresultsofa2012audit,conductedbyaconsultingfirmcontractedbythecity,found

thattherewereseriousrestrictionsonhowthecomplaintswerefiled.

White,whotookovertheofficeaftertheaudit,saidshebelievesrecentfiguresfor2014

indicatetheprocessisworking.

“Wehad[a]total[of]110officersthathadcomplainsfiledagainstthem,andoutofthatwe

had45disciplinesthatcameoutofthat,soalmosthalfresultedindiscipline,Hshesaid.

CamernMcEllhiney,aformermemberoftheIndianapolisCitizensComplaintBoard,andnow

servesastheDirectorofTrainingfortheNationalAssociationforCivilianOversightofLaw

Enforcement,orNACOLE,citedtheimportanceofanoutsider'sperspective.

“Whenyouaddtheelementofcivilianstotheprocess,theyareabletolookatitwithan

outsider'sperspective,andmakesurethattheinvestigationisdonefairly,andconsistently

overtime/saidMcEllhiney.MlthinkwhatFergusonandothernationalcaseshavedonefor

oversightismadenotjustlawenforcementagenciesbutcityleadersandmembersofthe

communityunderstandisthatthisisn'tsomethingthatshouldbedoneaftersomethinghas

happened,thatmaybeit'stimetostartdoingoversightaheadoftimesothatbadthingsdon't

happenincommunities."

Thoughthecomplaintandreviewprocesscanbeintrusiveanddisruptivefortheofficeror

departmentinvolved,ChiefHitewelcomesthescrutiny.

“Wehavetohavechecksandbalances.It'simportanttorecognizetheyarequality

compliance,nsaidHite.

A2013studybyCaliforniaStateUniversityFullertonshowsthatmorethan100police

departments,manyinlargecities,havecivilianoversightboards.WhileNewYorkCityhas

suchoversight,theFerguson,MissouricitycouncilonlyvotedlastSeptembertosetupa

civilianreviewboard.

LOSANGELES-TensionshaveflaredbetweenpoliceandAfricanAmericansaround

theUnitedStates,afteraseriesofconfrontationsandcontroversialshootingsof

-youngblackmen.Butsomepolicedepartmentsareworkingtobuildbridges.

InSouthLosAngeles,communityleaderssaytheeffortishelpinginone

neighborhoodwithahistoryofviolence.

CaptainPhillipTingiridesisrespondingtoacallfromawomanassaultedbyherboyfriend.

Theinformationissketchy,butpolicelocatethesite,questionthevictimandlaterapprehend

thesuspect.

Justdaysago,ayoungmanwasshotandkilledafteraconfrontationwithgangmembersin

anearbyparkinglot.

**Somebodycameinherefromthatgangandjustarbitrarilystartingshootingpeople,"said

Tingirides.

Candlesmarkastreet-sidememorialforoneoftwowomenrecentlymurdered,whosebodies

wereleftburningonthestreet.Ithappenedaroundthecornerfromaroadgrimlycalled

DeathAlley.

ViolentcrimeinLosAngeleshasrisenforthefirsttimeinadecade.Butthemurderratehas

droppeddramaticallyfromlevels20yearsago,partlybecauseofoutreachbypolice.

Outreachhasincludedactivitieslikementoringkidsandcoachingtheirfootballteams.

“Itgaveourofficers--whoreallyonlyrespondedtobadsituationswherewegetcalledand

theyseetheworstpartofpeopleattheirworstmoment--[achance]toseeadifferentside

ofthecommunity,"saidTingirides.

Problemsarelongstandingbetweenthisminoritycommunityandpolice.ThestreetsofSouth

LosAngeleseruptedinviolenceintheWattsRiotsof1965,andagainin1992,bothtimesin

protestovertreatmentofblackmenbypolice.

WeeklymeetingsoftheWattsGangTaskForcebringtogetherlocalleadersandpolicefor

regulardialogue.Everyday,specialpoliceunitspatrolpublichousingprojectsaspartofa

communitysafetypartnership.PolicesergeantEmadaTingirides,thewifeofCaptain

Tingirides,coordinatestheprogram.Sheisblackandheiswhite,andthebiracialcoupleis

wellknowntoresidents.

EmadaTingiridessaidrelationshaveimprovedhereinher20yearswiththedepartment.

“Thereweretimeswhenyoucouldonlygointothepublichousingdevelopmentswitha

minimumoffourofficers,becauseofficerswereshotat.Wewereconstantlygoingbackand

forthviolentlywiththecommunity,nsherecalled.

ThehousingprojectsarealsosaferbecauseofhelpfromactivistslikeCynthiaMendenhall.A

gangmemberinheryouth,shelaterlosttwosonstotheviolence.

“IfyoudonothavepeoplelikeusinplaceallovertheUnitedStates-NewYork,Chicago,

Detroit,wherever[thereare]thesepoliceshootings,infrontofthepeople,inbetweenthe

policedepartment,itwillneverwork,**saidMendenhall.

AcontroversialshootinginAugustangeredresidents.LosAngelespoliceshotEzellFord,an

unarmed25-year-oldblackman,andtheylatersaidhehadtriedtowrestleagunfromone

oftheofficers.Thefamilydisputestheaccountandtheinvestigationcontinues.

Butmostinthecommunityrefusetoturntoviolence,saidPerryCrouchoftheWattsGang

TaskForce.HelookstocivilrightsleaderMartinLutherKing,Jr.forinspiration.

“Thatwasnothisdream.Hisdreamwastosnatchdownthewallsofracismandprejudice,

andwewillallbindtogetherasGod'schildren/1saidCrouch.

HesaidwhilethedreamhasnotbeenrealizedinSouthLosAngeles,throughdialogue,the

goalisgettingcloser

6-JoeDeCapua

January16,2015

ArightsgroupsaysongoingtestimonyinChadconfirmsthattorturewaswidelyusedduring

theruleofHisseneHabrefrom1982to1990.Twenty-oneformersecurityagentsareontrial.

Sofar,about50peoplehavetestifiedagainstthem.

Theformersecurityagentsarechargedwithmurder,torture,kidnapping,arbitrarydetention

andassaultandbattery.TheirtrialbeganNovember14th,butwassuspendedaweeklater

duetoalawyers*strike.ItresumedonDecember23rdandisexpectedtoendlaterthis

month.

HumanRightsWatchcounselReedBrodyisinthecapitalN*Djamenaandhasattendedmany

ofthecourtsessions.HedescribedthetrialasChad's^rendezvouswithhistory."

Hesaid,"Forthefirsttimeafter24years,theabusesoftheHisseneHabregovernmentare

beingpresentedincourtforalltohear-forChadianpeopletowatch-forthevictimsfinally

togettheirdayincourtandtalkabouttheabusesthathappenedsolongago."

Brodysaidvictimsortheirfamilieshadbeentryingforover20yearstogetjustice.The

ChadiangovernmenttookactiononlyafterHabre-whohadfledtoSenegal-wasarrested

thereandindictedin2013.HistrialcouldbegininMay.

ClementAbaifouta,presidentoftheassociationofvictimsofformerChadian

dictatorHisseneHabre,wipesawaytearswhilelisteningtofellowvictimsrecount

theirstories,atapressconferenceinDakar,Senegal,Wednesday,July17,2013.

Abaifouta,arrestedin1985,saidhewasforcedforfouryearstodiggravesfor

hundredsofprisoners.Alawyersaidmorethan1,000victimsofHabrehave

formallyaskedtoparticipateinhistrialonchargesofwarcrimes,crimesagainst

humanityandtorture.(APPhoto/RebeccaBlackwell)

Brodysaidthe21defendants,includingthosewhowereincharge,arejustafewofthose

allegedlyinvolved.

"OfcoursethereweremanypeoplewhowereinvolvedinHisseneHabre^politicalpolice,but

thepeoplewhoareontrialhereareconsideredtobe21ofthemostimportantagentsamong

thosewhoarestillalive.Justtwoyearsago,manyofthesepeoplewerestillgovernment

officialsandsecurityofficialsinthenewgovernmentthatreplacedHabre."

Thecourtroomisfilledeverydaywithspectators.Brodysaidtherewasadramaticmoment

Wednesdaywhenavideowasplayed.

“ThecourtshowedavideoofmassgravesandtheinsideofHabre*sprison-emaciated

prisonersbeingreleasedafterHabre'sfall.Andpeoplewerecrying.Itwasquiteamazingto

seethis.Youhadtheaccusedwhowereforcedtositthereandwatchit--andyouhadthe

publicandyouhadmanywidowscrying.Andsomeofthisthenwasthenplayedonnational

television,aswell/*hesaid.

WhileHabrehasbeenaccusedoftargetingcertainethnicgroups,Brodysaiditgoeswell

beyondthat.

"Peopleheresaythatthere'snotafamilythatwasnottouchedbytheabusesoftheHabre

government.SoyouseeChristiansandMuslims.Youseepeoplefromthenorthandfromthe

south.Youseepeoplefromreallyalldifferentethnicgroups,whoarepresentingthemselves

tothecourtasvictims."

Priortothetrialoftheformersecurityagents,HumanRightsWatchhadcalledthe

investigation“hasty”andlackinga"solidrecordoneachdefendant/*

ThetrialisbeingconductedunderFrenchrulesandispresidedoverbythreeprofessional

judgesandtwolayjurors.Alltheaccusedhavetestified,butthetrialisnowin-whafscalled

-theconfrontationstage.That'swhendefendantsfaceeachotheraftergivingcontradictory

testimony.

7-ChrisSimkins

January16,2015

WASHINGTON-Thelatestfigures(2013)fromtheU.S.FederalBureauofInvestigation

suggestviolentcrimeintheUnitedStateshasfallentoitslowestlevelinyears.Manylaw

enforcementagenciesaretakingcreditforthedecline.Butwhileviolentcrimeisdown,

deadlypoliceencounters-knownasjustifiablehomicides-arerising.

TheFBIsaysviolentcrimeslikemurder,rape,assaultandrobberydroppedmorethanfour

percentin2013.Butduringthatsameperiod,however,officersshotandkilledmorethan

400civiliansinincidentsknownasjustifiablehomicides.

BillLewis,assistantdirectoroftheFBI'sLosAngelesDivision,saysincreaseddrugandgang

activityhasledtomoredeadlyencounterswithpolice.

"Therearemorethan30,000knowngangsintheU.S.,includingprisonandmotorcyclegangs.

Andmorethanamilliongangmembers.Further,streetgangsareresponsiblefor

approximately48percentofviolentcrimeintheirneighborhoodsthattheycontrol,'*said

Lewis.

FBIreport

AccordingtoofficialFBIreporting,therewerenearly500policekillingsoffelonysuspects

eachyearduringasevenyearperiodendingin2013.

Butthatnumbercomesfromonly750ofthe17,000lawenforcementagenciesnationwide,

becausereportingpolicekillingstoWashingtonisvoluntary.

Someanalystsclaimthereportundercountsfatalpoliceencounterswithcivilians,andthe

actualnumbercouldbeashighas1,000.

NationalUrbanLeaguePresidentMarcMortalsaidloweringthatnumbermaymeanchanging

thewaythepolicedotheirjob.

"SothechangesweseekobviouslyareashiftawayfromwhatIwouldcallabrokenwindows

[increasedpoliceactionforsmallcrimes]orstop-and-friskapproachtopolicing,tomoreofa

communitypolicingmodel,whichfocusesonviolentcrimebutalsowhichbuildsrelationships

betweenpoliceandthecommunitiesthattheyserve,"saidMorial.

Perceptionproblem

TheshootingofunarmedblackteenagerMichaelBrownbywhiteFergusonpoliceofficer

DarrenWilsonwasnotaninsolatedevent.AfricanAmericansmakeupalargemajorityof

peoplekilledbypolice.PublicpolicyexpertElsieScottsaidthecoreoftheproblemistheway

blackmenandotherminoritiesareperceivedbymanypoliceofficers.

"Therearemanygreatpoliceofficersoutthere.Ithinkmanyofthepoliceofficerswhowork

directlyinhighcrimecommunitiesoftenseenothingbutsomeofthenegativeelementsand

sotheirperceptionsofAfrican-Americanyoungmen,theirperceptionofLatinoyoungmen

oftenmaygettaintedbythejobthattheyaredoing,"saidScott.

MadyeHenson,whohastrainedthousandsofpoliceofficers,saidlawenforcementagencies

needtoexaminewaysofreducingdeadlyforce.

nlthinkthatwhatyouhaveseeninsomeofthosecommunitiesthathaveseenadecreasein

thosepolicekillingsinthatprocessisadifferentlevelofengagement,withthosethatpolice

communitythereisadifferentlevelofengagementwiththecommunity,"saidHenson.

Hensonsaidfurtheringpolicingreformsshouldincreasetrustbetweenofficersandcivilians

whilereducingthefrequencywithwhichpoliceusedeadlyforce.

8-PARIS—AftertheattackonthekoshermarketinParislastweek,many

membersofthecountry*sJewishpopulation-thelargestinEurope-aremore

anxiousabouttheirsafetyandtheirfuture.

Fordaysaftertheattack,Jewsandnon-JewscametotheeasternedgeofParistopaytheir

respects.

“Myheartgoesouttothosewhofellforliberty,forFrance,"saidhomeakerFrancoise."Tma

Christian,butallpeopleareequal,allthesame,andweshouldhavefreedomforall.**

ButmanyofFrance'sJewsarenotfeelingparticularlyfreeinthewakeoftheattack.One

youngcouplecametomournafriendwhowaskilledinthemarket.

“Now,afte