(全)高考英语语法真题详解-名词性从句

高考英语语法真题详解-名词性从句[感悟高考]单句语法填空/单句改错1．Asnaturalarchitects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly________thicktheadobe(土坯)wallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015·全国Ⅱ，70)2.Thesummerholidayiscoming.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)3．MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.(2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)4．Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.(2015·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)5．ThisishowIneedtoimproveinthefuture.(2013·全国大纲，短文改错)答案1.how2.how→what3.that→where4．where→that5.how→what[考点清单]考点一主语从句规则❶引导主语从句的连接词如下：who，that，which，what，when，where，how，whether，why，whoever，whichever，whatever等。That

youarecomingtoLondonisthebestnewsIhaveheardthislongtime.长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。What

struckmemostinthemoviewasthefather'sdeeploveforhisson.影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。规则❷主语从句一般放在句首，但有时也可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型：(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/uncertain等)＋that从句。Itisuncertain

whatsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout，althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(apity/ashame/nowonder/nosurprise等)＋that从句。It'snosurprise

that

ourteamhaswonthegame.我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊。(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/reported/decided/believed等)＋that从句。Itisdecidedthat

themeetinghasbeenputofftillnextMonday.会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。考点二表语从句规则❶表语从句的引导词主要有：that(不可省略)，whether(不能换成if)，what，who，which，how，why，when，where，whoever，wherever，asif/though等。Thequestionis

whether

wecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.问题是我们是否可以在如此短的时间内做好准备。规则❷because引导的表语从句强调原因，而why引导的表语从句强调结果。IfI'mabitsleepy，it's

because

Iwasupallnight.如果我有点困，是因为一夜没睡。That's

why

Iobjecttotheplan.这就是我反对这个计划的原因。考点三宾语从句规则❶引导宾语从句的连接词：从属连词that，whether，if；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等；从句用陈述语序。Wemustfindout

when

Karliscoming，sowecanbookaroomforhim.我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们可以为他预订房间。规则❷形式宾语it：在动词find，feel，consider，make，believe，think等后面有宾语补足语的时候则需要用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。Imade

it

clear

that

Iwasdeterminedtocarryouttheplan.我很清楚，我已下定决心实施这项计划。规则❸有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句，需要借助形式宾语it。常见的这类动词有like，dislike，hate，love，enjoy，appreciate等。Hehates

itwhen

peopleplayhisiPhone7.他讨厌别人玩他的苹果7。考点四同位语从句规则❶同位语从句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief等词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步解释、说明。Theproblem

whether

weshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasn'tbeensolved.我们是否应该继续做实验这一问题还没解决。规则❷同位语从句的引导词只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。Thenews

that

SunYanghadwonthegamespreadoverthewholeschool.孙杨赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。考点五whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句规则❶whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换。但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。规则❷但与or或ornot连用时只能用whether。Idon'tknow

whetherornot

thereportistrue.我不知道报道是否真的。规则❸但从句作介词宾语时只能用whether。Iworryabout

whether

hecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness.我担心他是否能熬过这次疾病的关键时刻。[正误探究]1．【误】Hegotill；this__was__whyhehadeatentoomuch.【正】Hegotill；this__was__becausehehadeatentoomuch.【探究】thiswasbecause...那是因为……；thiswaswhy……那就是……的原因。2．【误】Foronething，thatyouarestudyingisbadlyneedednowadaysinourcountry.【正】Foronething，whatyouarestudyingisbadlyneedednowadaysinourcountry.【探究】what在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；而that本身没有意义，不作任何成分，只起连接作用。3．【误】Our__team__won__the__matchpleasedusverymuch.【正】That__our__team__won__the__matchpleasedusverymuch.【探究】that引导主语从句时虽然只起引导作用，但通常不能省略。4．【误】Ifyoucanmakeprogressinyourstudydependsonwhetheryoutryyourbest.【正】Whetheryoucanmakeprogressinyourstudydependsonwhetheryoutryyourbest.【探究】if引导主语从句不能放在句首，这时要用whether。[易错防范]易错点1what与that在名词性从句中的区别(1)________IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.误填That答案What[本题考查主语从句。句意：我想对你说的是我对父母亲的深深的爱和尊重。句子谓语为is，之前为主语从句，从句中缺少动词tell的直接宾语，指事物，故填what。](2)Expertsbelieve________peoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.(2013·北京，33)误填what答案that[本题考查宾语从句。句意：专家们相信人们只在必需的时候购物就会浪费更少的食物。动词believe之后为宾语从句，从句陈述一个事实，结构完整，不缺少成分，故用that。]【点拨】that在其引导的名词性从句中只起引导作用，不作句子成分；而what在名词性从句中起双重作用，既作成分，又能引导句子。故做题的关键在于分析从句中是否缺少成分。即在that/what之间，若从句缺成分就选what，反之that。易错点2whatever与what；whoever与who的区别(1)Wepromise________attendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.(2012·福建，35)误填who答案whoever[考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：我们允诺向任何参加聚会的人提供一个和那位电影明星合影的机会。参加聚会的任何人whoever相当于anyonewho，whoever引导的从句作promise的宾语，同时whoever又在从句中充当主语。](2)Thenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedfor________hecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.(2012·辽宁，34)误填what答案whatever[考查宾语从句。介词for后面加的是宾语从句，且从句中find缺少宾语，所以用whatever。]【点拨】在名词性从句中，引导词whatever，whoever均泛指，分别可转换成anythingthat，anyonewho，并将其代入，这样解题便轻松多了。易错点3名词性从句与其他从句混淆不清We'relivingin________peoplecall“InformationAge”，soeverythingispossible.误填which答案what[句意：我们生活在信息时代，所以一切皆有可能。介词in后跟宾语从句。在从句中动词call后缺宾语，故用what。]【点拨】弄清连接代词与连接副词的区别。关系代词who，whose，whom，that，which有词义，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语等。when，where，why，how有词义，在从句中作状语。that无词义，不作成分。if/whether有词义，在名词性从句中不作成分。[针对训练]Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空1．Itisoftenthecase________anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.(2016·江苏，21)2．Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.________youcandohelps.(2016·北京，24)3．Themanagerputforwardasuggestion________weshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.(2016·天津，11)4．Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis________onecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.(2016·北京，29)5．Ashipinharborissafe，butthat'snot________shipsarebuiltfor.6．Itrulybelieve________beautycomesfromwithin.7．________weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.8．—Iwonder________Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.—Byworkingouteveryday.9．________LiBai，agreatChinesepoet，wasbornisknowntothepublic，butsomewon'tacceptit.10．Ifyouswiminariverorlake，besuretoinvestigate________isbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.答案1.that2.Whatever3.that4.that5.what6.that7.How8.how9.Where10.whatⅡ.单句改错(每句仅1处错误)1．Thatcollegestudentsaremainlyconcernedaboutisemploymentandtheirdreamtohavewell-paidjobswheretheycanlivetheirlivestothefullest.2．ThereisnodoubtifEnglishhasbecomeauniversallanguagenowadays.3．Thatyoushouldlearnishowtowritedownthemostimportantwords，notthewholesentence.Rememberthatyouneedinformation，notsentences.4．Ifeelitaterriblethingwhichmymothershouldhavetotoilsoendlessly.5．Thefactiswhathedidn'tnoticethecaruntiltoolate.6．Secondly，watchingTVisagoodwaytokilloursparetime.Finally，wecanpredictthatmayhappeninthefutureandbeprepared.7．Astimewenton，IrealizedwhatridiculousIhadbeenatthattime.8．NowIamwritingtotellyouthatmycityhasdonetoreducetrafficjamsinthelastfewyears.9．Ihadthoughtifperhapsthewomanwouldblametheman.Beyondmyexpectations，thewomanansweredwithasmile.10．Fortunately，Ihadamobilephonewithme，soIcalledthepoliceandtoldthemthathadbeenfound.答案1.That→What2.if→that3.That→What4．which→that5.what→that6.that→what7.what→how8.that→somethingthat/allthat/all/what9.if→that或去掉if10.that→whatⅢ.语篇填空(用适当的连接词填空)Ilikereadingverymuch.Myclassmates'questionis__1__Ibegantolovereading.Actually，Ilovereadingasachild.IgrewupinacollegetownandIspentallmysummervacationsinthisuniversity.WhatImeantwas__2__Iwassurroundedbylibrariesandthepeoplewholovedtoread.__3__Iwenttothelibrarytoreadeverydaywasoneofmyfavoritehobbies.Myloveofreadingwascreditedwiththefact__4__myparentsonlyletmewatchanhourofTVaday.Ilearnedtoentertainmyselfthroughmymindandimagination.It'snotreallysurprising__5__literaturebecamemyvocat