语法填空题型公开课一等奖市优质课赛课获奖课件

语法填空题型一提示类填空第1讲动词的时态、语态和主谓一致技巧1记牢基本定义,找准标志词(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school_______(come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.”【解题步骤】①分析句子结构→句子缺少谓语②根据前后句的谓语动词thinks和don’twant所在的语境判断→谓语动词表示现在→联想表示现在的时态的基本定义③尝试解答:______comes【过关检测】①(2016·四川高考)However,itstayedwithherandlearnedaboutthewaysoftheforest.Then,aftertwoandahalfyearsthemother_____(drive)theyoungpandaaway.②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand_____(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.drovewere③(2016·北京高考)Jack___________(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.④(2016·江苏高考)Dashan,who________________(learn)crosstalk,theChinesecomedictradition,fordecades,wantstomixitupwiththeWesternstand-uptradition.wasworkinghasbeenlearning⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Yangshuo__(be)reallybeautiful.⑥(2017·六安一模)Theassfoundthathe_________(fall)intoworsehands.⑦(2017·沈阳一模)Sofar,XiandTrump___________(speak)toeachothertwicebyphone.ishadfallenhavespoken⑧(2017·潍坊一模)Sleepinguponahardbedwithoutanypillowsometimes___________________(produce)thedesiredeffect.⑨(2017·唐山二模)Ifthenewhome______(prove)unsuitable,theywillreturntotheirshellstowaitinaqueue.produces/willproduceproves⑩(2017·合肥二模)Sometimessubjectthatyouthinkisgoingtobeuninteresting______(be)excitingwhenyoubegintoworkatitandunderstanditmoreclearly.willbe【技法点金】关注几种常考时态的标志词1.表示经常性或习惯性动作、客观事实或存在的状态要想到用一般现在时。everytime,nowandthen,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually等表示频率的时间状语是标志词。※Lighttravelsat300,000kilometersasecond.光以每秒30万千米的速度行驶。2.表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态要想到用一般过去时。yesterday,lastweek,twodaysago,theotherday,in1998,时间段+later等时间状语是标志词。※WhenIwasatschool,IoftenwenttothecinemaonSundays.我在学校时星期天经常去看电影。3.表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态要想到用一般将来时。tomorrow,nextyear,inaweek等时间状语是标志词。※Whenshallweknowtheexaminationresult?我们什么时候知道考试结果?4.表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作要想到用现在进行时。allthetime,now,atthismoment,atpresent等时间状语是标志词。※Idon’tactuallyworkhere.Iamhelpingoutuntilthenewsecretarycomes.事实上我不在这儿工作。新秘书到来前我在这儿帮忙。5.表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果产生的影响现在还存在,或持续到现在的动作或状态要想到用现在完成时。since,recently,lately,already,forthelastfewyears,sofar,uptonow,duringthelast+时间段等时间状语是标志词。※Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.过去十年里我们城市发生了很大的变化。6.表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态要想到用过去完成时。“by,bytheendof,bythetime等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句”是标志词。BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissonhadgraduatedfromcollege.杰克从英国回到家时,他的儿子已经大学毕业了。技巧2分析主谓关系,判断语态(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Whenfatandsalt_______(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.【解题步骤】①首先分析句子结构→句子缺少谓语→根据主句中的谓语动词tastes所在的语境判断→谓语动词用一般现在时。②根据主谓关系→确定用被动语态③尝试解答:___________areremoved【过关检测】①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah___________________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.②(2016·四川高考)Thegiantpanda_______(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.hasbeentold/wastoldisloved③(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.I___________(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.wasallowed④(2016·江苏高考)Moreefforts,asreported,___________(make)intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructuralreform.⑤(2017·衡阳一模)Harbin,thecapitalofHeilongjiangProvince,China,isgenerallyknownbecauseofitsannualHarbinInternationalIceandSnowSculptureFestivalthat____________(hold)since1985.willbemadehasbeenheld⑥(2017·衡水一模)They____________(invent)thousandsofyearsagotoofferweatherinformationforagriculturalactivities.⑦(2017·泰安一模)EvenQixi_________(refer)toasthe“ChineseValentine’sDay”nowadays.wereinventedisreferred⑧(2017·烟台一模)TheIMABloodBank_______(set)upin1995withagoalthatnoneedypatientshouldeverdieduetolackofbloodinDehradunanditssurroundingareas.wasset⑨(2017·银川二模)Itisabouttakingactiontoshowtheworldthattherighttoreadandwrite_______(belong)toallpeople.⑩(2017·西宁一模)Atuniversity,youwill_________(teach)bylecturersandprofessorswhoareleadingfiguresintheirstudy.belongsbetaught【技法点金】牢记常见时态的被动语态的构成各种时态的被动语态构成(以do为例)一般现在时am/is/aredone一般过去时was/weredone一般将来时shall/willbedone现在进行时am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时was/werebeingdone现在完成时have/hasbeendone过去完成时hadbeendone将来完成时shall/willhavebeendone技巧3熟知三原则,破解主谓一致(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fastfood________(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.【解题步骤】①分析句子结构→句子缺少谓语②不可数名词fastfood作主语→可判断谓语动词用单数③尝试解答:__is【过关检测】①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow__(be)oftenacceptable.②(2017·日照一模)Thedesignontheback______(show)theyellow-eyedpenguin,oneoftheworld’srarestpenguins.isshows③(2017·济宁一模)HavingtraveledfromChinathroughRussia,Poland,GermanyandFrancefor18days,thetrainfinallyarrivedinLondon.Insidethe68containers_____(be)householdgoods,clothing,cloth,bagsandsuitcases.were④(2017·福州一模)Inthepool,Bob,myinstructor,demandedwedowhathedid.Oneofthedrills____(be)totakeourmasksoffatthebottomofthedeepend,replacethem,andclearthemofwater.was⑤(2017·深圳二模)Inmyschooldays,Iwasashyboyandnevereventhoughtoftakingpartinanypublicspeakingevents,schoolplaysorstagecontests,soacting____(be)aremotecareerchoicethen.was【技法点金】一、主谓一致三原则1.语法一致原则主语后跟with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan,including,inadditionto等引起的短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。※Theteacheraswellashisstudentswasveryexcited.老师和他的学生们都很兴奋。2.就近一致原则(1)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。※Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsistoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.要么是你要么是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。(2)由there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。※Therearethreebooksandapenonthedesk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。3.意义一致原则(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时,谓语动词用单数。※Theironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourlife.钢铁工业对我们的生活很重要。(2)“no/each/every/manya+单数名词+and+no/each/every/manya+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。※Everymanandeverywomanhasagoodreasontobeproudoftheworkdonebytheirfathers.每一个人都有很好的理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。(3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。※Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportantforusall.他在会议上所说的话对我们所有人来说都非常重要。二、主谓一致的3种特殊情况1.“manya/morethanone+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。※Manyaparenthashadtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.很多父母都被迫经历了这一段相同的痛苦的过程。2.all,therest,theremaining/part...+主语,谓语动词应根据句子所表达的单复数意义而定。※Thefirstpartofthelecturewasvividbuttheremainingwasdull.讲座的前半部分很生动,但后半部分非常枯燥。3.“几分之几/百分之几+of+名词”结构作主语时,一般根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。※Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。易错点1相近时态混用①—Tom,what’swrongwithyou?You_______(ask)sixtimesabouttheproblemtoday.—Oh,Ifeelpuzzledaboutit.②(变式)—Tom,what’swrongwithyou?You_______(ask)onceagainabouttheproblemjustnow.—Oh,Istillfeltpuzzledaboutit.【点拨】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别(1)一般过去时仅表示过去发生的并已经完成的动作,与现在没有任何联系;而现在完成时虽然动作发生在过去但对现在造成了影响或动作仍然在持续,均与现在有联系。(2)题①根据语境“问”的动作已经发生并对现在造成影响,故用现在完成时,填haveasked。题②根据关键信息词justnow(表示过去发生动作的时间状语)和felt