黑龙江省哈尔滨市第七十四中学2022年高一英语下学期期末试卷含解析

黑龙江省哈尔滨市第七十四中学2022年高一英语下学期期末试卷含解析一、选择题1.Ican’ttellyoutheexacttimeI’llgetthere,maybeateightornineorevenlater.____,I’llbethereasearlyasIcan.A.Anyhow

B.However

C.Thus

D.Therefore参考答案：A2.---I

himtogiveupsmoking.---Didheagreeto?---Noresult.A．advised

B．persuaded

C．suggested

D．advised参考答案：A3.I

guess

you

were

in

a

hurry.

Look!You

_______

your

sweater

inside

out.A.

had

worn

B.

wore

C.

are

wearing

D.

were

wearing参考答案：C略4.—Yourskirtlooksreallynice.—

.A．Yes,itistrue B．ThankyouC．That’sallnight D．No,itdoesn’t参考答案：B5.Nowadays,plastics_______manyothermaterials,anditiseasilyshaped.

A.hastakenplaceof

B.hastakentheplaceof

C.havetakenplaceof

D.havetakentheplaceof参考答案：B略6.She’sgonetoShanghaionbusiness,sothereisno____thatshewillshowupatHenry’sbirthdaytoday.

A.doubt

B.possibility C.evidence

D.wonder参考答案：B7.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman________hishandintothepocketofapassenger．

A．put

B．tobeputting

C．toput

D．putting参考答案：D略23.Manypeoplehavecometorealizethattheyshouldgoon________balanceddietandmakeroomintheirdayfor_______exercise.

A./;an

B.the;an

C.the;the

D.a;/参考答案：D略9.---Howaboutgoingtotheconcerttonight?

---

,butI’vegottogoovermynotesfortomorrow’sexam.A.Allright

B.Soundsgreat

C.Ican’t

D.No,Iamterriblysorry参考答案：B10.Someeducatorsbelievethattheon-goingeducationreformisputtingstudents_________ insteadofrelievingthemfromtoomuchhomework.A.underpressure

B.forprotection C.forpressure

D.underprotection参考答案：A11.–I’mgoingtotraveltoAmerica.Wouldyouconsidertellingmeaboutyourexperiencesthere?---____.Let’sdiscussitoverdinner.A.That’sallright.

B.Byallmeans.

C.Goahead.

D.Itjustdepends.参考答案：B12.Myparentswillgotherebytaxibecauseitisraining____________.A.badly

B.hardly

C.probably

D.heavily参考答案：D13.InsomepartsofShanghai,missingabusmeans________foranothertwentyminutes.A.towait B.waiting

C.waited D.wait参考答案：B略14.Theyhaven’tsettledtheproblemof______itisnecessaryforhertotakepartin“SuperGirl”.

A.if

B.where

C.whether

D.that参考答案：C略15.Eastofthemountain______twotowns,________myhometown.A.lie;oneofwhichis

B.lies;whereliesC.lies;oneofwhichis

D.lie;thatis参考答案：A16.Itisthiskindofexcitingtrip_____mostofmyclassmatesonlydreamabout.A.when B.while C.as D.that参考答案：D二、完型填空17.YesterdayeveningIwaswatchingtheeveningnewsontelevision.Thenewswasabouta___21___forscientificdiscoveries.Theannouncer,whosenamewasRalphStory,___22___somethingthatcaughtmy___23___.“Allgreatdiscoveries,”hesaid,“aremadebypeoplebetweentheageoftwenty-fiveandthirty.”Beingalittleoverthirtymyself,Iwantedto___24___withhim.Nobodywantstothinkthatheispasttheageofmakingany___25___.ThenextdayIwenttothepubliclibrary,spendingseveralhourslookingupthe___26___offamouspeopleandtheirdiscoveries.Ralphwasright.FirstIlookedatsomeofthe___27___discoveries.Oneoftheearliest,thefamousexperimentthat___28___thatbodiesofdifferentweight___29___atthesamespeed,wasmadebyGalileo(伽利略)whenhewas26.MadamCurie(居里夫人)startedherresearchthatledtoaNobelPrizewhenshewas28.Einstein(爱因斯坦)was26whenhe___30___hisworld-changingtheoryofrelativity.Well,___31___ofthat.YetIwonderedifthose“bestyears”weretrueinother___32___.Thenhowabout___33___?Surelyitneededthewisdomofagetomakeagoodleader.Perhapsit___34___,butlookwhenthesepeople___35___theircareers.WinstonChurchill(丘吉尔)waselectedtotheHouseofCommonsattheageof26.AbrahamLincoln(林肯)___36___thelifeofacountrylawyerandwaselectedtothegovernmentatwhatage?Twenty-six.Butwhydon’tbestyearscomeafterthirty?Afterthirty,I___37___mostpeopledonotwanttotakerisksortrynewwaysintheirlives.ThenIthoughtofthosefamouspeople___38___ShakespeareandPicasso.Theformeronewaswritingwonderful___39___atthelateageoffifty,___40___thelatterwasstilltryingnewwaysofpaintingwhenhewasninety!Perhapsthereisstillhopeforme.21.A.program B.conference C.prize D.report22.A.studied B.said C.explained D.announced23.A.mind B.care C.surprise D.attention24.A.talk B.disagree C.meet D.advise25.A.discovery B.chance C.research D.fortune26.A.names B.theories C.ages D.achievements27.A.scientific B.last C.oldest D.modern28.A.predicted B.proved C.doubted D.told29.A.fall B.move C.meet D.disappear30.A.invented B.developed C.made D.published31.A.lot B.plenty C.much D.all32.A.fields B.science C.course D.ages33.A.election B.leaders C.politics D.society34.A.had B.made C.set D.did35.A.finished B.started C.won D.defeated36.A.led B.devoted C.gaveup D.began37.A.guess B.know C.agree D.believe38.A.like B.tobe C.as D.about39.A.paintings B.idioms C.works D.poems40.A.when B.while C.who D.after参考答案：21.C

22.B

23.D

24.B

25.A

26.C

27.A

28.B

29.A

30.D

31.B

32.A

33.C

34.D

35.B

36.C

37.D

38.A

39.C

40.B这是一篇记叙文。作者在看新闻时，听到“所有伟大的发现，都是被25到30岁的人们发现的。”这句话时，作者很不认同。就去图书馆查阅了科学领域，政治领域的一些杰出人物，发现他们的确都是在25~30岁左右成就了自己。作者很失望，不过最后作者还是想起了莎士比亚和毕加索，他们年龄很大时依然在创作，给了作者一些希望。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：新闻是关于科学发现的一个奖。A.program程序，计划；B.conference会议，讨论；C.prize奖品，奖赏；D.report报道。因为此题用的是for（为了…），所以不能选D。如果是report，应翻译为：关于…的报道。故选C。【22题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：广播员Ralph说了一些吸引我注意的事情。这里的空格与下一句中的“said”呼应。A.studied学习；B.said说；C.explained解释；D.announced宣布。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：广播员Ralph说了一些吸引我注意的事情。catchone'sattention（吸引了…的注意）是固定搭配，故选D。【24题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：自己三十过了一点，我不想赞同他。没有人想认为他自己过了发明的年龄。可知，作者不赞同广播员的说法。A.talk谈话，讨论；B.disagree不同意，不一致；C.meet遇见，对付；D.advise建议，劝告。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：没有人想认为他自己过了发明的年龄。这里的空格与与广播员说的“Allgreatdiscoveries”中的discoveries呼应。A.discovery发现；B.chance机会；C.research研究；D.fortune财富，命运；故选A。【26题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：第二天，我去了公共图书馆，花了几个小时查阅名人和他们的发现的年龄。这里的空格与上一句中的“pasttheageof…”呼应。A.names名字；B.theories理论；C.ages年龄；D.achievements成就。故选C。【27题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：首先，我查阅了一些科学发现。此处空格与第一段第二句中的“scientificdiscoveries”呼应。A.scientific科学的；B.last最后的；C.oldest最老的；D.modern现代的，近代的。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：最早的其中的一个，著名科学家伽利略26岁时证明了不同重量的物体自由落下的速度是一样的。A.predicted预计；B.proved证明；C.doubted怀疑；D.told告诉。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：最早的其中的一个，著名科学家伽利略26岁时证明了不同重量的物体自由落下的速度是一样的。A.fall落下；B.move移动；C.meet遇见；D.disappear消失。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：爱因斯坦发表改变世界的相对理论的时候26岁。A.invented发明；

B.developed开发，进步；C.made整理，制造；D.published出版，发表。故选D。【31题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：好啦，已经足够多的例子了。A.lot大量，许多；B.plenty

足够；C.much很多；D.all全部。故选B。32题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：然而，我想在其它领域这个最好的年龄是不是真的呢？这里的空格与“scientificdiscoveries”呼应。A.fields领域；B.science科学；C.course科目，课程；D.ages年龄。故选A。【33题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：那么政治领域是什么样的呢：这个空格与本段后两句中的“electedtothegovernment（选为政府官员）”呼应。A.election选举，当选；B.leaders领导人；C.politics政治；D.society社会。故选C。【34题详解】考查助动词。句意：可能真的需要年龄的智慧，但是我们看看这些人什么时候开始的他们的事业。这里的空格是替代了“neededthewisdomofage（需要年龄的智慧）”。由于“needed”是实义动词，所以用did替代。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：可能真的需要年龄的智慧，但是我们看看这些人什么时候开始的他们的事业。这里的空格与下边的“waselected（被选为）”呼应，意为开始事业。A.finished完成；B.started开始；C.won赢得；D.defeated击败，战胜。故选B。【36题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：林肯放弃乡村律师生活然后被选为官员是在什么年龄呢？And前后连接了两个相反关系的词。A.led领导，通向；B.devoted致力于，奉献于；C.gaveup放弃；D.began开始。故选C。【37题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：过了三十，我相信很多人不想在生活中冒险或者去尝试新方法。A.guess猜测，认为；B.know知道，认识；C.agree同意D.believe相信。故选D。【38题详解】考查介词。句意：我想起了像莎士比亚和毕加索这样的名人。famouspeople与ShakespeareandPicasso是举例关系。A.like像……一样；B.tobe成为；C.as作为，以…….身份;D.about关于。故选A。【39题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：前者在50岁多的时候还在写很多伟大的作品…….。A.paintings绘画，油画；B.idioms成语，习语；C.works作品，工厂；D.poems诗歌。莎士比亚的作品有诗歌有戏剧。D选项表达片面。故选C。【40题详解】考查连词。句意：前者在50岁多的时候还在写很多伟大的作品，然而后者在90岁的时候还在尝试新的绘画方法。前后句是并列对比关系。A.when

当……的时候，引导时间状语从句；B.while然而（并列连词），当……的时候（引导时间状语从句）；C.who谁，什么人；D.after在……之后。故选B。三、阅读理解18.Astudyshowedthatfatwassociallycatchingamongfriends.Peoplewereactuallymakingoneanothergainand,sometimes,loseweight.Thefindinghasbeenprovedinotherpopulations.Sohowdoesfriends’bodyweightaffecteachother?Onewayisimitation(模仿).Brainscansshowthatwhenyouwatchsomeoneelseeatorrun,yourbrainactivityisthesameasifyouwereeatingorrunningyourself,causingyoutodothesamethings.Peopleinexperimentsseatednexttoheavyeaterswouldeatmorethanthoseseatednexttolighteaters.Socialexamplesalsoplayarole:Ifyourfriendgainsweight,youmightbecomelesswillingtogotothegymbecauseyourfriend’sexampleshowedyouthatweightgainisn’ttheendoftheworld.She’sheavierbutstillthesamepersonyouknowandlove.Andnowthat66percentoftheAmericanpopulationisoverweight,that’saprettywell-fixedsocialexample.Happily,thiseffectcouldbeturnedupsidedownifpeopleworkedtocreateanoppositesocialexample—weightlosscanaffecteachotherjustaseasilyasweightgainifyouformthefat-fightinghabits,startingarunningclubincludingfriendsoffriendssothatyou’remakingclosefriendswithmoreexercisers.Youcanalsomakehealthierfoodchoicesandeatwithgreaterself-control.Ifyougiveupthefriesandeatmorevegetables,yourfriendsaremorelikelytomakethesamechoices.Ifyou’rethinkingthosesoundlikealotofwork,maybeitwouldjustbeeasiertoditchfriendswhogainweighttostopthemfromaffectingyou.Peoplewhokeptawayfromafatfrienddidn’tloseweight,possiblybecausethecostoflosingafriendstoppedweight-lossefforts.32.Whatwillpeopleintheexperimentsdoiftheyeatwithheavyeaters?A.Hatethem. B.Leavethem.C.Followthem. D.Loseweight.33.Howmightpeoplerespondtotheirfatfriendsaccordingtothetext?A.Gotothegymwiththemoften.B.Thinknothingofbecomingfat.C.Warnthemthedanger.D.Likethembetter.34.Whatcanyoudotomakegooduseofthediscovery?A.Setagoodexampleforyourfriends.B.Makeupyourmindtomakemorefriends.C.Setuphealthclubasabusiness.D.Drinkmorewater.35.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ditch”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Dependon. B.Relievein.C.Watchover. D.Giveup.参考答案：32.C

33.B

34.A

35.D【分析】本文为说明文。一项研究表明，肥胖会在朋友间传染。人们实际上是在互相增重，有时还在减肥。这一发现已在其他人群中得到证实。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的Peopleinexperimentsseatednexttoheavyeaterswouldeatmorethanthoseseatednexttolighteaters.（在实验中，坐在重食者旁边的人会比坐在轻食者旁边的人吃得更多）可推知，在实验中，如果人们和食量大的人一起吃饭，他们也会跟着吃。故C选项正确。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的Ifyourfriendgainsweight,youmightbecomelesswillingtogotothegymbecauseyourfriend’sexampleshowedyouthatweightgainisn’ttheendoftheworld.She’sheavierbutstillthesamepersonyouknowandlove.（如果你的朋友体重增加了，你可能就不太愿意去健身房了，因为你朋友的榜样告诉你，体重增加并不是世界末日。她更胖了，但仍然是你认识和爱的那个人）可知，对于长胖了的朋友，人们认为变胖没有什么大不了的。故B选项正确。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Ifyougiveupthefriesandeatmorevegetables,yourfriendsaremorelikelytomakethesamechoices.（如果你放弃薯条而多吃蔬菜，你的朋友更有可能做出同样的选择）可知，根据这项发现，你可以为你的朋友树立一个好榜样。故A选项正确。【35题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的Peoplewhokeptawayfromafatfrienddidn’tloseweight,possiblybecausethecostoflosingafriendstoppedweight-lossefforts.（远离肥胖朋友的人并没有减肥，可能是因为失去朋友的代价让减肥的努力停止了）可知，划线词所在句句意为“如果你认为这些听起来需要做很多工作，那么也许甩掉那些体重增加的朋友会更容易些，这样他们就不会影响你了。”由此可知，划线词ditch意为“甩掉，丢弃”。A.Dependon依靠；B.Relievein缓解；C.Watchover监视；D.Giveup放弃。故D选项正确。【点睛】依据逻辑推理猜测词义：运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。在第4小题中，考生可以根据该划线词所在的上下文语境来推测其指代对象。根据下一句Peoplewhokeptawayfromafatfrienddidn’tloseweight,possiblybecausethecostoflosingafriendstoppedweight-lossefforts.（远离肥胖朋友的人并没有减肥，可能是因为失去朋友的代价让减肥的努力停止了）可知，划线词所在句句意为“如果你认为这些听起来需要做很多工作，那么也许甩掉那些体重增加的朋友会更容易些，这样他们就不会影响你了。”由此可知，划线词ditch意为“甩掉，丢弃”。A.Dependon依靠；B.Relievein缓解；C.Watchover监视；D.Giveup放弃。故D选项正确。19.阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A﹑B﹑C﹑D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。DoAmericanchildrenstilllearnhandwritinginschool?Intheageofthekeyboard,somepeopleseemtothinkhandwritinglessonsareonthewayout.90%ofteacherssaytheyarerequiredtoteachhandwriting.Butstudieshaveyettoanswerthequestionofhowwelltheyareteachingit.Onestudypublishedthisyearfoundthataboutthreeoutofeveryfourteacherssaytheyarenotpreparedtoteachhandwriting.Someteachersareteachinghandwritingbyprovidinginstructionfor10—15minutesaday,andthenotherteacherswhobasicallyteachitfor60to70minutesaday—whichreallyforhandwritingisprettymuch.Manyadultsrememberlearningthatway—bycopyinglettersoverandoveragain.Today’sthinkingisthatshortperiodsofpracticearebetter.Manyexpertsalsothinkhandwritingshouldnotbetaughtbyitself.Instead,theysayitshouldbeusedasawaytogetstudentstoexpressideas.Afterall,thatiswhywewrite.Handwritinginvolvestwoskills.Oneislegibility,whichmeansformingtheletterssotheycanberead.Theotherisfluency—writingwithouthavingtothinkaboutit.Fluencycontinuestodevelopupuntilhighschool.Butnoteveryonemasterstheseskills.Teacherscommonlyreport