何兆熊综合教程三册UniheComanyManP课件

Unit2TheCompanyManPre-readingquestionsBackgroundinformationStructureanalysisDetailedanalysisRhetoricalanalysisExercisesanalysis

Pre-readingquestions

Whatdoyouthinkisanideallife?2.Howimportantdoyouthinkworkistoaperson?Howshouldonestriketherightbalancebetweenworkandleisure?3.Whatdrivespeopletooverwork?Whatdoyouknowaboutworkaholism?

Backgroundinformation

WorkaholismWorkaholismisamodernaddiction.Manypeoplehavebeenafflictedbyit.Structureof“workaholism”Thephenomenonissowidespreadanditssocialconsequencessodamagingthatithasacquiredthenickname

"workaholism,"acombinationofthewords"work"and"alcoholism".Canyounamesomefeaturesofaworkaholic?Theyresisttakingbreaksorrewardingthemselveswithvacations.Iftheymusttakevacations,they'relikelytobehighlyorganizedandgoal-oriented.Theworkaholicpushesandpushes,andasheisapproachinghisgoal,heneedsanotheronetoworktowards.Aworkaholicisnotabletostopandenjoyhisaccomplishments.WorkaholicsWorkaholicsbelievethat,byworkinglongerhoursandcompletingmoreprojects,theywillenhancetheirself-worth.Workaholicsthinkaboutworkconstantlyand,ifunabletowork,feelpanickyordepressed.Workaholicshavehighexpectationsoftheirwork,andtheirsingle-mindedfocusonworknegativelyimpactsotherareasoftheirlivessuchasfamilyandleisure.

Groupwork:discussion

Whatisthecauseofworkaholism?Whatpressuresdoyouthinkarecompanystaffunder?Nameafewofthem.1.Pressurefromwork：notenoughrest;endlessworktofulfillevenonholidays.2.Pressurefromcompetitionofnewstaff：competentnewcomersinthecompanybringaboutgreatpressureforthepresentones.3.Pressureofone’sownfurtherdevelopment:thesecausepressureandmakessomewhite-collarworkersworried.Someevenrechargethemselveswhileworking.4.Pressurefromfeeling:unsatisfyingproblemsinfamily.Somearefacedwithdivorce,marriage,remarry.Alltheseimposepressures,becausetheymakeitdifficulttoconcentrateonone’swork.5.Pressurefrominterpersonalrelationship:officephilosophy

Weoftenhearofpeoplebreakingdownfromoverwork,butinninecasesoutoftentheyarereallysufferingfromworryoranxiety.(JohnLubbock,Britishbanker)TheauthorProfession:

journalistandcolumnistAchievements:1980

PulitzerPrizeforcommentaryWriteforNewsweek,theDetroitFreePress,andtheBostonGlobe.Works:

TurningPoints(1979),ClosetoHome(1979),

AtLarge(1981).EllenGoodman(1941–),MaximsonworkHappiness,Ihavediscovered,isnearlyalwaysareboundfromhardwork.(DavidGrayson,Americanjournalist)Workbanishesthosethreegreatevils:boredom,vice,andpoverty.(Voltaire,FrenchPhilosopher)Itisimpossibletoenjoyidlingthoroughlyunlessonehasplentyofworktodo.(JeromeKalpakJerome,Britishhumorist)ToyouthIhavethreewordsofcounsel—work,workandwork.(OttoBismarck,Germanstatesman)Myphilosophyoflifeiswork.(ThomasAlvaEdison,Americaninventor)

Workisworthdoingofworthdoingwell.(ThomasCarlyle,Britishhistorian)

Workisthegrandcureforallthemaladiesandmiseriesthateverbesetmankind.(ThomasCarlyle,Britishhistorian)MaximsonworkMaximsonworkOneofthesymptomsofapproachingnervousbreakdownisthebeliefthatone’s.workisterriblyimportant,andthattotakeaholidaywouldbringallkindsofdisaster,IfIwereamedicalman,Ishouldprescribeaholidaytomanypatientwhoconsideredhisworkimportant.(BernardRussell,Britishphilosopher)

1.Workwhileyouworkplaywhileyouplay;thisisthewaytobecheerfulandgay.2.Neverputofftheworktilltomorrowwhatyoucanputofftoday.

今日事，今日毕。3.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.AllworkandnoplaymakesMary/Jane…adullgirl.只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。expressions4.Worksmarter,notharder.更有技巧地工作，而不是更努力地工作。5.Workhasabitterrootbutsweetfruit.—Germanproverb工作虽苦，果实却甘。—德国谚语6.Manyhandsmakelightwork.众人拾柴火焰高;人多好办事。7.Workmakestheworkman.熟能生巧。TypeA&TypeBPersonalityFriedmanandRosenman(1959)conductedstudiesonthelinkbetweenstressandheartdisease.OneoftheoutcomeswasthediscoveryofTypeAandTypeBpersonalities.TypeAPeoplewhoareclassifiedashavingTypeApersonalityhavecharacteristicslike:highlyactive,competitive,aggressive,hostile,impatient,fasttalkingandthinking.TypeATheyhaveasenseoftimeurgency,finditdifficulttorelax,andoftenbecomeimpatientandangrywhentheygetdelayed(oriftheyaregoingtobelate)orarearoundotherpeoplewhomtheyviewasincompetent.ItisassumedthatTypeApeopletendtohavemoreriskofheartdiseasethanTypeBpeople.TypeB

PeoplewhoareclassifiedashavingTypeBpersonalityarebetteratrelaxingwithoutfeelingguiltyandworkingwithoutbecominganxiousoragitated.Someoftheothercharacteristicsincludebeingmorerelaxedabouttime(theydon'tgetoverlystressedaboutbeinglate),andarenoteasilyangered.TypeBYouprobablyknowpeoplewhojustseemedtoberelaxedpeoplewhodon’tgetangryoften;thesearethecharacteristicsofaTypeB.TheyaretheoppositeofTypeApeople.TypeO

TypeOBloodpeoplearesaidtosetthemoodforagroupandtotakeontheroleofcreatingharmonyamongitsmembers.Theirimageisoneoftakingiteasy,ofbeingpeacefulandcarefree.Theyarealsothoughttobebig-heartedandbenevolent,andtheytendtospendmoneyonothersgenerously.

Whichdoyougenerallybelongto,TypeAorTypeBpersonality?Whateffectdoesyourpersonalitybringabouttoyourlife?TextAnalysisInacolloquialstyle,theauthorpaintsanironicpictureofthelifeofacompanymanandhisfamily.

Themanwasaworkaholicwhodiedofaheartattack,whichsurprisednoone.Hedevotedallhisthoughtsandenergytoworkandeverythingelsewassecondarytothatandtheendmightbeconsideredtragicallyheroic:heworkedhimselftodeath.introductionmainbodyconclusiondeathof“him”Para2-6replacementofhimhisdevotiontohisworkhisrelationshipwithfamilymembersPara1Para7-13Para14-16Para2-13Detailedanalysisofthetext1.Whatisthegeneraltoneofthisarticle?Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardPhil?Questionsforpart1Thegeneraltoneofthisarticleissarcastic.Indescribinginamockinglyseriousmannerdifferentpeople’sresponsestoPhil’sdeath,theauthorwantstomakethereadersseetheabsurdityofasocietythatproducessuchatragicfigureasPhil.Heis,inthedeepsense,sympatheticwithPhil,whoseignoranceofthecauseofhisowntragedyrendershimmoretragic.2.Whydoestheauthorfrequentlymentionthetime“3.00a.m.Sundaymorning”?Thetimeisrevealing,fromwhichreaderscanbeeasilyattractedtogiveadeepthinkingaboutthecauseofPhil’stragedyfor3.00a.m.iswithinthesmallhourswhichmightindicatethatPhilhadfrequentlyworkedwellintothenightwhenalive.3.

Whyaretheseadverbs“finallyandprecisely”used?Howmanytimesis“hefinallyworkedhimself…”repeatedintheessay?Whyitisrepeated?Theauthorrelatesthetwocontradictoryideas—worktodeathonSundaymorning.ThusrevealsPhil’spersonalityandsuggeststhatheisdestinedtobeexhausted.Languagepoints1.workhimselftodeath:diedfromself-motivatedoverwork.todeathusedafteranadjectiveoraverbtoemphasizetheaction,state,orfeelingmentioned

Eg:worriedtodeath;frightenedtodeath;boredtodeath;starvetodeath2.precisely:exactlyE.g.

Theyarrivedatfiveo’clockprecisely.Note:Someofitssynonymsareexactly,accurately,definitelyEmphasizinghisdevotiontowork.Part2Para.2Whyisn’tthenameofthedeceasedmentionedattheverybeginning?Whattypeofmanwasthedeceased?1.classic:

Synonyms:classic&classical

（1）classic的主要意思是“第一流的，最上等的，标准的”。如：

ThisisareallyclassicFrenchchampagne.

Itisaclassicexample.

aclassicperformance古装戏；aclassicground艺术园地

（2）classical则指古希腊、罗马的文学、艺术，意为“古典（文学或艺术）的”。如：

NowonlyafewstudytheclassicalmusicofIndia.

现在只有少数人在研究印度的古典音乐。

classicallanguages古代语言；classicalmusic古典音乐

Para.3Whatwastheman’spositioninthecompany?Whydoestheauthorreportitindetail?2.…oneofsixvice-presidents…1)汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以“副”字，英译时需视词语的固定搭配或表达习惯等情况，可选择vice,associate,assistant,deputy等词。相应而言，vice使用面较广。副总统（或大学副校长）vicepresident副主席（或系副主任）vicechairman副总理vicepremier副部长viceminister副省长vicegovernor副市长vicemayor副领事viceconsul副校长（中小学）viceprincipal2)行政职务的副职头衔与学术头衔的“副”职称往往用不同的词表达，最为常用的英语词是associate。副教授associateprofessor副研究员associateresearchfellow副主编associatemanagingeditor副审判长associatejudge副主任医师associateseniordoctor3)有些英语职位头衔，如manager,headmaster,其副职头衔可冠以assistant。副总经理assistant/deputygeneralmanager,assistant/deputymanagingdirector大堂副理（宾馆）assistantmanager4)以director

表示的职位的副职常以deputydirector表示。此外，secretary,mayor,dean等头衔的副职也可冠以deputy。副秘书长deputysecretary-general副书记deputysecretary副市长deputymayor副院长deputydean3.conceivably(adv.):inamannerthatcanbeimaginedorbelieved.e.g.Ifwepersistinworkingthathard,conceivablywe’llharvestapromisingprogressinthefuture.

conceivablee.g.

难以想象这么小的孩子能跑这么快。Itishardlyconceivablethatsuchasmall/littlekidcanrunsofast.

她千方百计地赚钱。Sheearnedmoneybyeveryconceivablemeans.a.conceive1)Apatriotneverconceives

ofbetrayinghis/hermotherlandinanycase.toimagine;think2)Togainanupperhandinthecutthroatcompetitiveness,wehavetoconceiveaplantomakeourselvessuperior.toformordevelopinthemind;mapout3)Icouldn’tconceivetheimplicationofthatsentence,althoughheexplainedagain.tocomprehendmentally;understand4)Shewastoldshecouldn’tconceive.Henceshegotnochancetobeamother.tobecomepregnantwith(achild)v.Para.4-5

HowdidPhildevotetohiswork?WhatdidSundaymeantohim?WhatdoyoulearnfromParagraph5?

4.executive1)n.2)a.of,relatingto,capableof,orsuitedforcarryingoutorexecutinge.g.Anefficientexecutivemustpossessgreatexecutiveability.execute1)Agovernmentexecutesthedecisionsoftherulingparty.(fml)toputintoeffect;carryout2)Thevictim’srelativesexpectedtoexecutethemurder.toputtodeath,especiallybycarryingoutalawfulsentence.v.5.overweight

a.

fat,obese,stout,pudgy,plump,chubbyTheseadjectivesmeanhavinganabundanceandoftenanexcessofflesh.Themostneutraltermisoverweight.1)“Fat”isthemostusualanddirectadjectivetodescribepeoplewithexcessflesh,butitisnotpolite.e.g.Thatguyisnotmerelyoverweightbututterlyfat.2)“Obese”:(fmlormedical)(ofpeople)veryfat(Doctorsuseobesetodescribepeoplewhoaresooverweightthattheyareunhealthy.)e.g.Obesepatientsareadvisedtochangetheirdiet.3)“Stout”issometimesusedasapolitetermtodescribefatness.Instricterapplication“stout”indicatesoverallheavinessofthebody.(身体胖得匀称)e.g.Evenslimgirlscanbecomestouthousewives.4)“Pudgy”(infml)meansshortandfat.e.g.Hispudgyfingerslookreallyfunny.5)Tobepolite,wecanuse“plump”appliestoaslightorattractivefullnessoffigure.e.g.EverybodylovesRita,theplump,rosylittlegirl.6)“Chubby”indicatespleasantroundnessinbabiesandcheeks.e.g.achubbytoddler;chubbycheeksExercises1.Itisimpolitetodescribepeoplewithexcessfleshusing____,but___________isokay,forit’sneutral.2.Doctorssuggestpeoplehavelessfastfood,inordernottobe______.3.Therewasatimewhenthe____________figurecaughton.4.The______kidhasfunny_______fingers.pudgychubbyplump/stoutobeseoverweightfat

Para.6.

Whatcanyouinferfromthisparagraph?DetailedStudyofthetext-PartIIQuestionsforconsiderationCanyoudescribetherelationshipbetweenPhilandhiswifeandhischildren?WhatdidPhil’swifemeanwhensheanswered,"Ialreadyhave”?whatisthespecialfunctionofpara.13?Part31.Butitdidlisthis“survivors”quiteaccurately.(para.7)Paraphrase:

--Buttheobituarydidlistthefamilymembersofthedeadmanquiteaccurately.survive

vt.

tocontinuetoliveaftersomeone,especiallyamemberofyourfamily,hasdied(synonyms:outliveoutlast)It’samazingthatsheshouldhavesurvived

allherchildrenandgrandchildren.我希望在我有生之年永远不要变成废物。Ihopelshallneversurvivemyusefulness.经过暴风雨袭击,这所房屋并未倒塌。

Thehousesurvivedthestorm.2.marketablea.easytosell;attractivetocustomersoremployers:可销售的;有销路的Itisagoodideatolistallyourmarketableskillsbeforeheadingforthejobfair.Iknowhowmuchyouwillmisshim.Missinghimalltheseyears.Polysemybeingengrossedinworkneglectinglosinghimto3.Givenuptryingtocompetewithhiswork…?4.whatismeant

bythesentence“shewouldbewelltakencareof”inParagraph8?

Key:

providesomefinancialhelpforhiswife/to

relieveherof

anypossibleworriesaboutfinance.5.whyisthephrase“dearlybeloved”repeatedwhenreferringtohischildreninParagraph9?Key:

createasarcasticeffect,

relationshipwithhischildren/farfrombeingcloseand

intimate/devoted

toolittle6.WhatdoyouthinkistherelationshiplikebetweenPhilandthethreechildren?Key:afailingfather

Hiseldestson:knowinglittleabouthimHisdaughter:nothingtosaywhenstaying

alongwithhim.

Hisyoungerson:

remarkedbitterly

thathisfatherandheonlyboardedatthehome.

distantandestranged.7.…doingenoughoddjobstostay…(para.11)1)Whatanodddesk!We’veneverseenit.strange2)1,3,5and7areoddnumbers.(ofnumbers)thatcannotbedividedbytwo;noteven3)Sheiswearingtwooddshoes.Ofoneofapair,set,series,etcwhentheother(s)is/aremissing4)Shemadeatoyoutofoddpiecesofthecloth.extra;surplus;leftover5)Twenty-oddyearslater,youwillbemiddle-aged.(usuplaceddirectlyafteranumber)alittlemorethan6)Hetakessomeoddbitofexercises,butnothingregular.occasional;notregularorfixedoddjobssmalljobsofvarioustypes,usudoneforotherpeopleodds(assignment)(attemptto)seizesb/stheagerlyordesperately

8.Hewastheonewhotriedtograb

athisfather,andtriedtomeanenoughtohimtokeepthemanathome.(para.11)Paraphrase:

--Itwastheboywhomadeeffortstodiverthisfather’sattentionfromwork.

grabatsb/sth:(attemptto)seizesb/stheagerlyordesperately:

他伸手去拽男孩，还是没防到他摔倒。Hegrabbedattheboy,butcouldnotsavehimfromfalling.竭力找借口避免干不好的工作。(fig)grabbingatanyexcusetoavoidanunpleasanttask.11.…thefifty-one-yearolddeceasedhadmeantmuch…(para.13)dead,deceased,departed,late,inanimatedead常表语，指“死的”；deceased指人“最近死的”，多用于法律；departed指“最近死的”，多用于宗教，是委婉语，仅指死者；late“已故的”，多用于刚死的人；inanimate意为“没有生命的，没有生气的”。Exercises1.Thetigerhasbeen_____foratleasttwodaysaccordingtotheexpert.2.The________manleftnowillorlegacy.3.Inafuneral,thepriestpraysforthe________.4.Thestoryisaboutthe____hero.5.Their_________conversationisaboutthe_________stone.lateinanimatedeparteddeceaseddeadinanimate12.…needhimtostraightenout

thefinances—thestockoptions

andallthat.(para.13)straightenoutstraightensthoutTosettleorresolvesth;toremovedifficultiesfromsthe.g.Withmutualhelp,wecanstraightenouteachother’sconfusionASAP(assoonaspossible)

.straightensbout(infml)toremovedoubtorignoranceinone’sminde.g.Traditionallyateacherisexpectedtostraightenpuzzledstudentsout.Iwasthenmuddledabouttheregistrationprocedures.Luckily,shecameintimetostraightenmeout.

我当时正被登记手续搞得稀里糊涂，可巧她来得正好，帮我摆平了。他的经营情况糟糕透了，要整顿好需要花很多时间。Hisbusinessareinaterriblemess,theywilltakeagestostraightenout.Straightout?Itoldhimstraightoutthathewastalkingnonsense.thefinancesthestockoptionsandallthatandallthat(jazz,rubbish,etc)(idm)(infml)andothersimilarthingse.g.Igotfedupwithmathematicsforitsfigures,tables,formulaeand

allthatstaff.Part4

Para.14-16

Thisistheendoftheessay.AfterthecauseofPhil’sdeathbeingrestated,theauthorgoesontoreportthecompanypresident’sinquiryforhissuccessor.

Questions:Whydoestheessayendwiththequestionthecompanypresidentasked?What’stheimplicationoftheending?Theironyoftheauthor.Thephilosophyofthecompanyistorewardthosewhoworkthehardest.

It

implies

thestoryofPhil

seesnoend:Hewillsoonbereplacedbyanequallyhardworkingguywhomayfollowinginhisstepsand

repeatthesametragedy.Bossesarealwaysonthelookoutforworkaholicsandtheyareneverinshortsupply.Theendingisfullof

sarcasmandbitterness.Itistheendofthestorybutthebeginningofanothertragedy.1..…ahear-attacknatural(Para.14)(n.)personconsideredideallysuitedforarole,ajob,anactivity,etcapersonwhohasthetendencytosufferaheart-attacke.g.Theblackareregardedasnaturalsforsports.Hedoesn’tspendmuchtimeinlearningplayingviolin,forheseemstobeanaturalforit.2.…tomakeinquiriesabouthisreplacement.(para.16)v.

demand,require,claim,request1).demand表示强烈要求。若主语是人，包含依据权利要求；若主语是物，含义为需求或要求，可直接接宾语。2).require虽然有时可以与demand换用，但require的确切含义应当是对所要求的事要绝对服从，有时这种要求带有法律的或规章的强迫性。3).claim要求承认自己对某物的所有权。4).request指“通过正式手续或非常有礼貌、客气地请求”，常用于“恐怕对方由于种种原因不能答应”的场合。Exercises1.Theboss_________thatMaryfinishtheprojectbeforenextMonday.2.Youaresincerely________tobepresentatthegathering.3.Everycitizenmay_____theprotectionofthelaw.4.Studentsare_________toattendclasses.claimrequesteddemandedrequiredRhetoricalAnalysis

Incolloquialstyle,Goodmandepictsironicallythelifeofaworkaholicandhisfamily.Whatdevicesareadoptedtomakeherwritingmoreeffective?TheemploymentofdetailsRepetitionParallelismVariationoflengthofsentencesFindsomeexamplesfromthetextforeach.DetailsHowhardheworked:longworkhours

Heworkedsixdaysaweek,…PovertyinhobbiesHehadnooutside‘extracurricularinterests…’LackofaproperdietHealwaysateeggsaladsandwiches…Remotefromhischildren(para.9-11)RepetitionKeysentences:Heworkedhimselftodeath.Theobituarydidn’tsaythatKeyphrasesandkeywords:TypeA,work,overweightWhydoestheauthoruselongandshortsentencesinterchangeably?(eg:para.3)Bymixingsomeunusuallyshortsentenceswiththelongones,theauthorvariestheirweightandachievesemphasisandimpact.Forexample,inpara.3,theshortsentence“Philknewthat.”followstwolongsentences.ThishelpsavoidmonotonyinnarrationandemphasizesPhil’sawarenessofthecutthroatcompetition.ReviewLanguagepointsinthistextQuestionsforrevisiondiscussion

WhatwasPhil?Hewasthevicepresidentofthecompany.Hewasaworkaholic.Hewasnervousandhadastrongdesireforsuccess.

HowaboutPhil'srelationshipwithhiswife?Hiswifelosthimforyearstohiswork.Hiswifeoncetriedtostophimfromoverworkingbutfailed.HowaboutPhil'srelationshipwithhischildren?Hiseldestsonmadeinquiriesabouthisfatherfromtheneighbors.Hisdaughterdidnotknowhowtotalkwithherfatherwhentheyweretogether.Hisyoungestsonfailedtodistracthisfatherfromhisworkandturnedtodrugsforhelp.WhydidPhil'swifetrytoconcealherbitternessinfrontofthepresidentatthefuneral?Shewasconcernedaboutherfinancialsituationafterherhusbanddied.Whatconstitutesaworkaholic?Workcomesbeforeanythingelse,includingfamily,happinessandhealth.Whydidn'tpeoplebelievethatPhildiedofheartattack?Heworkedhimselftodeath.HediedonaSunday,whichwashisonlydayoff.Heatefastfoodeveryday.Hewasoverweight.Hetooknoexercises.Hehadnotimetorelaxhimself.Workingandnoplayingresultedintheheartattack.WhatwaslackinginPhil'slife?Hisfamily.Hishealth.Whatdoyoulearnfromthistext?Wouldyouliketobeaworkaholicinthefutureformoney,statusoranythingelse?OralactivitiesOrganizeyourselvesintogroupsofthreetofiveanddiscussthefollowingissue:

HowcanPhilavoidhistragedyExercises(1)Translationexercises1.

我的顶头上司是一个典型的工作狂，一年到头每天工作10个小时以上。(workaholic)Myimmediatebossistypicalworkaholic,forheworksforovertenhourseachdayalltheyearround.2.

校长十分注重课外活动。他认为，课外活动有助于培养学生对外部世界的极大兴趣。(extracurricular)Theprincipalattachesmuchimportancetoextracurricularactivitiesandhebelievesthattheywillhelptocultivatestudents’tremendousinterestintheexternalworld.Exercises(1)3.

星期一早上，他总是快速冲个澡，胡乱吃个三明治，接着赶搭出租车去上班。(grab)Healwaysgrabsashower,asandwichandthenataxitogotoworkeveryMondaymorning.4.

既然你要离开公司了，你要在本周内清算帐目。(straightenout)Sinceyouareleavingthecompany,youshouldstraightenouttheaccountswithintheweek.5.

为了及时完成他的博士论文，他经常熬夜。(stayup)HeoftenstaysuplateatnightinordertofinishwritinghisPh.D.dissertationontime.Exercises(1)6.

没有什么东西可以取代内心深处最深切的爱。(replace)Heisconsideredanaturalforthepostofthepresident,forhehasbeenanexcellentvice-presidentforalmosttenyears.7.

他被认为是总裁职位的当然人选，因为他已经做了近10年出色的副总裁。(natural)Heisconsideredanaturalforthepostofthepresident,forhehasbeenanexcellentvice-p