工程管理专业英语-第2课-课件

Chapter2OrganizingforProjectManagement1ppt课件第一段：Themanagementofconstructionprojectsrequiresknowledgeofmodernmanagementaswellasanunderstandingofthedesignandconstructionprocess.建设项目管理要求现代的管理、以及设计和施工过程知识。Constructionprojectshaveaspecificsetofobjectivesandconstraintssuchasarequiredtimeframeforcompletion.建设项目有一系列具体的目标和约束条件，如在规定的时限内完成。Whiletherelevanttechnology,institutionalarrangementsorprocesswilldiffer,themanagementofsuchprojectshasmuchincommonwiththemanagementofsimilartypesofprojectsinotherspecialtyortechnologydomainssuchasaerospace,pharmaceuticalandenergydevelopments.虽然相关技术，组织机构或流程会有所不同，但建设项目同其他一些如航天、医药和能源等专业技术领域的项目在管理上仍然有共同之处。2.1WhatisProjectManagement什么是项目管理2ppt课件Generally,projectmanagementisdistinguishedfromthegeneralmanagementofcorporationsbythemission-orientednatureofaproject.一般来说，项目管理是区别于一般以任务为导向项目性质的企业管理。

Aprojectorganizationwillgenerallybeterminatedwhenthemissionisaccomplished.项目组织一般是任务完成时项目便终止。AccordingtotheProjectManagementInstitute,thedisciplineofprojectmanagementcanbedefinedasfollows:根据项目管理协会，项目管理学科可以定义为如下：第二段：3ppt课件Projectmanagementistheartofdirectingandcoordinatinghumanandmaterialresourcesthroughoutthelifeofaprojectbyusingmodernmanagementtechniquestoachievepredeterminedobjectivesofscope,cost,time,qualityandparticipationsatisfaction.项目管理是使用现代管理技术指导和协调整个项目周期的人力和物力，以实现预定的范围、成本、时间、质量和参与者满意度目标的艺术。4第三段：4ppt课件Bycontrast,thegeneralmanagementofbusinessandindustrialcorporationsassumesabroaderoutlookwithgreatercontinuityofoperation.与此形成对照，一般的工商企业的一般管理更广泛地着眼于业务更佳的连续性。Nevertheless,therearesufficientsimilaritiesaswellasdifferencesbetweenthetwosothatmodernmanagementtechniquesdevelopedforgeneralmanagementmaybeadaptedforprojectmanagement.不过，二者之间也有足够的相似性和差异，以便项目管理适应为一般管理开发的现代管理技术。

第四段：5ppt课件ThebasicingredientsforaprojectmanagementframeworkmayberepresentedschematicallyinFigure2-1.项目管理框架最基本的因素由图2-1所示。Aworkingknowledgeofgeneralmanagement（综合、一般）

andfamiliaritywiththespecialknowledgedomainrelatedtotheprojectareindispensable.一般管理应用知识和（对）项目相关的专业知识领域（的熟知）是不可缺少的。Supportingdisciplines（学科）

suchascomputersscienceanddecisionsciencemayalsoplayanimportantrole.例如计算机科学和决策科学之类的支持学科也许也扮演一个重要角色。Infact,modernmanagementpracticesandvariousspecialknowledgedomainshaveabsorbedvarioustechniques

ortoolswhichwereonceidentifiedonlywiththesupportingdisciplines.实际上，现代管理实践与各专业知识领域已经吸收（应用）了各种不同的技术和工具，而这些技术和工具曾一度仅仅被视作属于支持性学科的范畴。第五段：6ppt课件Forexample,computer-basedinformationsystemanddecisionsupportsystemsarenowcommonplacetoolsforgeneralmanagement.例如，计算机信息系统和决策支持系统是现在管理的一般工具。Similarly,manyoperationsresearchtechniquessuchaslinearprogrammingandnetworkanalysisarenowwidelyusedinmanyknowledgeorapplicationdomains.同样，许多运筹学技术例如线性规划和网络分析现在广泛使用于许多知识或应用领域。

Hence,therepresentationinFigure2-1reflectsonlythesourcesfromwhichtheprojectmanagementframeworkevolves.因此，图2-1中的显示反映了项目管理框架演变的唯一来源。7ppt课件Specifically,projectmanagementinconstructionencompassesasetofobjectiveswhichmaybeaccomplishedbyimplementing（实施）

aseriesofoperationssubjecttoresourceconstraints.具体来说，建设项目管理包括一系列目标，这些目标可能是通过实施给定资源约束下的一系列运作才能实现的。Therearepotentialconflictsbetweenthestatedobjectiveswithregardtoscope,cost,timeandquality,andtheconstraintsimposedonhumanmaterialandfinancialresources.范围、成本、时间、质量的既定目标，和人力、物力和财力的资源约束之间有潜在的冲突。第六段8ppt课件Theseconflictsshouldberesolvedattheonsetofaproject（在项目的开始）bymakingthenecessarytradeoffsorcreatingnewalternatives.在项目的一开始，这些冲突必须通过必要的权衡或新的备选方案来解决。Subsequently,thefunctionsofprojectmanagementforconstructiongenerallyincludethefollowing:其次，建设项目管理的功能一般包括以下内容：9ppt课件Specification（特定）

ofprojectobjectivesandplansincludingdelineationofscope,budgeting,scheduling,settingperformancerequirement,andselectingprojectparticipants.项目的特定目标和计划，包括划定范围、编制预算、行程安排、设置性能要求，和选择项目参与者。Maximizationofefficientresourceutilizationthroughprocurementoflabor,materialsandequipmentaccordingtotheprescribedscheduleandplan.根据规定的进度和计划，采购劳动力、材料和设备使资源有效利用最大化。10ppt课件Implementationofvariousoperationsthroughpropercoordinationandcontrolofplanning,design,estimating,contractingandconstructionintheentireprocess.在项目全过程中，通过对计划、设计、估算、合同和施工的适当协调控制来实施各项运作。Developmentofeffectivecommunicationsandmechanismsforresolvingconflictsamongthevariousparticipants.发展有效的沟通和各参与者之间解决冲突的机制。11ppt课件TheProjectManagementInstitutefocusesonninedistinctareasrequiringprojectmanagerknowledgeandattention:项目管理协会要求项目经理的知识和注意力集中于9个不同的领域：1.Projectintegrationmanagementtoensurethatthevariousprojectelementsareeffectivelycoordinated.项目集成管理，以确保有效协调各种项目要素。第七段12ppt课件2.Projectscopemanagementtoensurethatalltheworkrequired(andonlytherequiredwork)isincluded.项目范围管理，以确保所有的工作要求（只有所需的工作）。3.Projecttimemanagementtoprovideaneffectiveprojectschedule.项目时间管理，提供有效的项目日程安排。4.Projectcostmanagementtoidentifyneededresourcesandmaintainbudgetcontrol.工程造价管理（项目成本管理），以确定所需的资源和编制预算的控制。13ppt课件5.Projectqualitymanagementtoensurefunctionalrequirementsaremet.项目质量管理，以确保功能要求得到满足。6.Projecthumanresourcemanagementtodevelopmentandeffectivelyemployprojectpersonnel.项目人力资源管理，开发和有效地运用项目人员。7.Projectcommunicationsmanagementtoensureeffectiveinternalandexternalcommunications.项目沟通管理，以确保有效的内部和外部沟通。8.Projectriskmanagementtoanalyzeandmitigatepotentialrisks.项目风险管理，分析和缓解潜在的风险。14ppt课件9.Projectprocurementmanagementtoobtainnecessaryresourcesfromexternalsources.项目采购管理，从外部资源获得必要的资源。ThesenineareasformthebasisoftheProjectManagementInstitute’scertificationprogramforprojectmanagersinanyindustry.这九个领域是任何行业的项目经理获得项目管理协会认证程序的基础。15ppt课件一、英译汉1.Generally,projectmanagementisdistinguishedfromthegeneralmanagementofcorporationsbythemission-orientednatureofaproject.一般来说，项目管理是区别于一般的以项目任务为导向性质的企业管理。2.Bycontrast,thegeneralmanagementofbusinessandindustrialcorporationsassumesabroaderoutlookwithgreatercontinuityofoperation.与此形成对照，一般的工商企业的管理更广泛地着眼于业务的更佳连续性。Study

andPractices16ppt课件3.Similarly,manyoperationsresearchtechniquessuchaslinearprogrammingandnetworkanalysisarenowwidelyusedinmanyknowledgeorapplicationdomains.同样，许多运筹学技术例如线性规划和网络分析现在广泛使用于许多知识或应用领域。4.Contractualrelationshipsamongmembersoftheteamareintendedtominimizeadversarialrelationshipsandcontributetogreaterresponsewithinthegroup.团队成员之间的合同关系是打算尽量减少敌对关系，并有助于提高本团队内的合作响应。5.Consequently,itisimportanttorecognizethechangingnatureoftheorganizationalstructureasaprojectiscarriedoutinvariousstages.因此，重要的是要认识到作为一个项目在各个阶段的组织结构不断变化的性质。17ppt课件6.Formalauthorityresultingfromanofficialcapacitywhichisempoweredtoissueorders.有官方身份正式授权的（单位）有权发出订单。7.Rewardand/orpenaltypowerresultingfromhis/hercapacitytodispensedirectlyorindirectlyvaluedorganizationrewardsorpenalties.奖励权和/或处罚权是根据他/她的能力由组织直接的或间接的分配奖励或处罚额度。8.Whencontendingissueofmorefundamentalnaturearedeveloped,theymustbebroughttotheattentionofhighlevelinthemanagementandberesolvedexpeditiously.当最根本的问题争议是发展时，他们必须关注管理水平高的（项目），并尽快解决。18ppt课件1.Itisnotsoimportantthatwhetherconstructionprojectshaveaspecificsetofobjectivesandconstrainsornot.2.Aprojectorganizationwillgenerallystillbeexistedwhenthemissionisaccomplished.3.Thepurposeforprojecttimemanagementistoensurefunctionalrequirementsaremet.（toprovideaneffectiveprojectschedule.）4.Therearepotentialconflictsbetweenthestatedobjectiveswithregardtoscope,cost,timeandquality,andtheconstraintsimposedonhuman,materialandfinancialresources.（V）5.Theextenttowhichdecision-makingwillbecentralizedordecentralizediscrucialtotheorganizationofthemega-project.二、改错并翻译19ppt课件A:I

waswonderingifyoucouldanswerafewquestionsforme?B:Sure.Goahead.A:我在想，如果你能回答我几个问题？

B:当然可以。来吧。A:Couldyouintroducetomethathowdidyoudevelopaninterestin“ContractManagement&Claims”inquantitysurveyingarea?B:Acquiringabroadrangeofexperienceismostimportantandthishasprovidedmewithamoreinformedbasisuponwhich,atthisstageinmycareer,tofurtherdevelopmyinterestinthisarea.A：你能否告诉我，你对“合同管理与索赔”中展开工料测量面积是怎么产生兴趣的？B：在我当前的职业生涯中获得广泛的经验是非常重要的，它为我提供了一个更坚实的基础，并有助于激发我在这方面的兴趣。三、对话20ppt课件A：Fromyourviewpoint,howcansurveyingattractmorewomen?B：Theperceptionofsurveyingmaledominated

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surveying.A：在你看来，搞测量的怎么吸引更多女性？B：即使人们意识到职业的多样化和机遇，观念也正在发生转变，但测量工作以男性为主导的观念仍旧有一定程度的影响。因此我认为没有特殊的需要去吸引女性去做测量工作。21ppt课件A：Could

youimaginetheconstructionindustryin2005?B：The

economyisshowingdefinitesignsofrecovery,consumerconfidenceisrising,unemploymentisfallingandthepropertymarketisrecoveringfromdeflation.However,therecoveryremainscautionsintheaftermathofSARSandsensitivetoglobaleconomicfactors.Notwithstanding,withtheresumptionoflandsalesandcontinuedgovernmentinvestmentininfrastructureprojects,theoutlookfortheconstructionindustryishealthierthanithasbeenandoncourse（在规定的过程中

）foraslowbutcontinuedrecovery.A：你能想象在2005年的建筑业状况？B：经济复苏的明确迹象显示，消费者信心上