她会永存于世-《飘》-文学学士毕业论文

AbstractGonewiththewindisafamousworkthatcreatedwiththehistorybackgroundofCivilWarbyMargaretMitchell.Itisnotonlyaromanticnovel,butalsoagreatworkofdiscussingthechangesin1860s’America.Itreflectspreferablygreathistoricalprojectssuchasthesouthernsituation,socialproblem,disintegrationofthesouthernplantation,feminism,etc.Ithasadeepliteraryvalue.Thetopicfocusesonthetimesthatwomenwereinaverylowpositionandinthestory,thewomen’swisdomandcouragewerenolessthanmen,andevenbeyondthemen.BasedonthetheoreticalfoundationandthroughtheexplorationofGonewiththeWindindetail,theauthorattemptstostudythecloserelationshipbetweenfeminismandsociety.Thisthesisconsistsoftwochapterswithoneintroductionandaconclusion.Theintroductionscansthehistoricalbackgroundandthewomen’scharacteristicsandpositioninthatsociety.ChapterOnemainlyanalyzesthepre-warsocialsystemandslaveryinthesouthAmerica,andScarlett,Melanieandotherwomen’schangingcharacteristicsandstruggleinthewar.AndthenitleadsoutChapterTwowhichexplorestheprocessofFeminineconsciousnesswakeningandwomen’smovements.TheconclusionsummarizestheviewsofthisthesisandsuggeststhatGonewiththeWindshouldbetakenasapotentialtargetoffeministstudies.Keywords:Scarlett;Melanie;feminism;self-wakening中文摘要《飘》是玛格丽特·米切尔以美国内战时期的南方为历史背景创作的一部名著，它既是一部浪漫的爱情小说，也是一部探讨19世纪60年代美国南方所经历的种种变化的著作，它着实反映了较多当时的南方局势、社会问题、南方种植园经济的瓦解、女权主义等,具有重大历史意义的课题，具有深远的文学价值。本选题着重在《飘》中所描写的在妇女地位十分低下的时代，故事中的女人所表现出的智慧和勇气丝毫不亚于男人，甚至超越男人。由此，本论文试图从具体文本出发，试图展现和探讨女性主义与社会的关系。本论文由两个章节和一个引言和结语组成。引言部分主要是对《飘》的历史背景以及里面主要女性人物性格以及她们所处的社会地位概述。第一章主要分析战前的美国南方以男性为主体的社会以及其奴隶制度，还有斯嘉丽、梅兰妮等角色在战争中挣扎求存以及她们性格的转变。由此引出第二章具体探讨有关女性的觉醒及女性主义运动的发展过程。论文的结语部分总结了本论文的主要观点并提出了《飘》中关于妇女觉醒的重要意义以及美国妇女的女性意识不断觉醒，她们不断地积累经验，努力争取自由和平等对社会起到的积极作用。关键词：斯嘉丽；梅兰妮；女性意识；觉醒PAGEPAGE1.Introduction1.1TheCriticalReviewsonGonewiththeWindatHomeandAbroadEventhoughGonewiththeWindbrokethesalesrecordandwasawardedthePulitzerPrizein1937,ithadbeenneglectedbycriticsduetosomecontroversialquestions.Anddespitethelackofcriticalattentionfortheverybeginningperiodofitspublication,GonewiththeWind,hasneverlackedtheattentionofthereaders’,ithassold28millioncopiessinceitspublicationin1936andhasbeentranslatedintoatleast30languagesworldwide.Moreover,sincethe1960s,GonewiththeWindhasbecomeafocusofstudiesworldwide.ThelateststudiesofMargaretabroadareenormousandfruitful.Thesestudiesmainlyfocusonthefollowingaspects:firstly,thebooksontherelationshipbetweenMargaretMitchellandherworkshavebecomemorefruitful,especiallyintheUnitedStates,JulianGranberrycompiledallthelettersofMargaretandpublishedthemunderthetitleofLettersfromMargaret(2006).AlltheseletterswillpresentreaderswiththereallanguageandtherealthoughtsofMargaret,whichwillhelpustodeconstructthefalselegendsaboutMargaretMitchell.PatrickAllen’sMargaretMitchell,Reporter(2000),throughcompilingdiversecolumns,exposestousthelively,knowledgeable,keenly-observedMargaretbeforeGonewiththeWindwonherfame.ThebooksonMargaretMitchell’slifealsoincludeAnneEdward’sRoadtoTara:TheLifeofMargaretMitchell(1983)andFinisFarr’sMargaretMitchellofAtlanta:TheAuthorofGonewiththeWind(1965).GonewiththeWindisoneofthemostpopularAmericannovelsinChina.From1940whenitsfirsteditionoftheChineseversionwaspublished,GonewiththeWindhasgainedanenthusiasticreceptionandhasbeenthefocusofstudyofmanyscholars.InChina,inthepastdecade,thestudiesofthenovelhavebecomeevenmoreprosperousandcoveredevenwiderscopes.Thesestudiesareconcernedwithvarioustopics,suchastheglamourofthenovel,itsthemes,characterization,imagesandarchetypes.Thesestudiesareconductedfromdifferentperspectivessuchasfeministicperspectiveandarchetypalviewsaregoingtobediscussedinthecomingsection.Theaspectwhichattractsthemostfocusisthestudyonthefemaleprotagonistofthenovel—ScarlettO’Hara.DuetothecomplexitiesofthecharacterofScarlett,scholarsstudyherfromdifferentaspectswithvariousfocuses.Somescholars(徐振忠,2004)dealwiththecharacterizationandtheaestheticvaluesofthisfemaleprotagonist,whileothers(孙宇,2003)trytofocusontherealisticaspectofthischaracter.Somearticles(邹晶明,2003)focusonthetraditionalconsciousnessofScarlettwhileothers(陈晓红,2004;李艳波,2006)trytoexploretherebelliousaspectofher.Throughreadingthesestudieswiththediversifiedfocuses,thereaderswillbenefitagreatdealsincetheywillbeabletomasteracomprehensiveviewofthisprotagonist.Inturn,thiswillgreatlydecreasethereader’schancesofformingbiasedopinionsagainstthisprotagonist.1.2ThemeaningandthedevelopmentoffeminismWhenIfinishedreadingGonewiththeWind,afeelingcametomethatthefemalerolesinthenovelweresogreatandimpressive.Throughtheages,masculinityisthemainpartofthesocietydevelopmentfromthebeginningtotheend,butfemininityisjustthesecondsexofthesocietyandalwaysintheedgeofthehistory.TheBibletoldtheworld:theGodcreatesEvebyusingAdam’srib.Fromthattimeitseemsthewomenwerefatedtobeapartofmen.Undertheimprisonmentofthepaternityculture,womenonlyhavetobeinasubsidiaryposition.Alongwiththeprogressofthesociety,womenbecameawaken,theywereeagertofightaplaceoftheirowninthepracticeofhistory.Thedevelopmentoffeminismwasnotacontinuousprocess.IntheWest,thepositionofwomenexperiencedaserieschanges.IntheearlytimeofancientGreek,wiveswerejustlimitedtothefamilyasmanagers.Afterthat,thetimeof“managersoffamily”occupiedaverylongtimeofhistory.UntiltheFrenchRevolutioninthe18thcentury,thebourgeoiswomenheldtherevolutionaryslogan“freedom,equality,fraternity”todeclarewartothemasculinitysociety.Andallthesebegantoopenthecurtainoffeministmovement.Alongwiththedevelopmentofthefeministmovement,moreandmorewomenimageswithfeministcolorappearedintheliterature.Andthetheoryoffeminismwasinitiallyappearedinthegraduallythoroughanddevelopsprocessofthefeministmovement.Itisobviouslyaresultofthepoliticalmovementwentdeepintheliteraturearea.Since1830’s,theWestbeganafeministmovementwhichfoughtfortherightsofeducation,politics,lawsandeconomyforthewomen.Thehistoricalimplicationof“feminism”usuallymeans“movementsforrecognitionoftheclaimsofwomenforrights(legal,political,familial,act.)areequaltothosepossessedbymen.”(邹晶明，2003：117)Womenhaveneverceasedtofightfortheirrights,thoughthefeministmovementintheWestdidnottakeanyvisibleshapetillthe19thcenturyinthenameofwomen’sliberationmovement.Darwomosshooktheself-importanceofman/male,Marxismfurtherquestionedthelegitimacyofcapitalistman,andNietzschedenouncedthevalidityof(themale)God.Inthiscontextwomen’sliberationmovementtookadefiniteshapeandmademajorprogressinwomen’ssuffrageandpropertyrights.Womenbecamemedicaldoctors;lawyers,orjournalists,andwomenstudentswentintoHarvard,OxfordandCambridge.2.ThebackgroundofGonewiththeWind2.1TheSocialBackgroundAswehaveseeninthefirstchapterofGonewiththeWind,beforethewar,Tarawasaffluentandwithvenerableair.Vastfieldwasfullofvigour.Thepeopleandtheirservantsweregettingalong.Therewereaffluentandlivelysceneseverywhereandtheruralitywasunconstraintandleisurely,onecluecomesfromtherichlifeintheTwelveOaks.Inthosetimes,slavescanbeboughtandsoldfreely.InthepleadofablackcattlenamedPolk,Scarlett’sfatherGeraldboughtDiceyandPrissywith3000dollar.Gerald’swonhisfirstblackcattleeventhroughgambling.Blackcattledidn’thaveanypoliticalrights.Thewhiteracecanpunishtheirslavesatwill.pokerandhorseracing,red-hotpoliticsandthecodeduello,States’RightsanddamnationtoallYankees,slaveryandKingCotton,contemptforwhitetrashandexaggeratedcourtesytowomen,allthesearewhatSouthernersconcernabout.Inthesouth,theconceptof“Manissuperiortowoman”inpeoplemindsisineradicable.Theythoughtwomenwerepassive,negativeandflabby;theyhavetooperateaccordingtomen'swishes,onlyinthiswaytheywouldnotbeabandonedbymenandbereviledbythesociety.TheSouthernsocietyofthenovelexpectsmenandwomentoconformtospecificgenderroles.Thenarratornotesthatthemanownsthepropertybutthewomanmanagesit;themantakecreditformanagingthepropertyandthewomenthen“praisehiscleverness.”Owningpropertygivesmenrightsandpower,buttheysharelittleoftherewardthatresultsfromthewomen’shardwork.Womenhavealltheworkandresponsibilityofrunningtheproperty,butenjoyonlythoserightsthatmendeigntograntthem.Thenarratorstressestheabsurdityofthesegenderroles,sarcasticallysaying,“themanroaredlikeabullwhenasplinterwasinhisfinger,andthewomanmuffledthemoansofchildbirth,lestshedisturbhim.”Inthissociety,menexpectwomentosuppresstheirneedsanddesiresandfocusattentiononthemen.Womenarenotevenallowedtotakecreditfortheirownintelligence,bravery,andstrength.Societypunishesthosewomenwhoputatoeoverthegenderlines.Thewartotallydestroyedthepeaceful,calmlifeandmaterialwealthinthesouth.Tarawasransackedofallitsvaluablesanditbecameruins.InJuly,1864,Atlantawastrapped,andgunfirehasbeenringingthroughthestreets.Theslaverydisintegrated,andtheinstitutionoffreelypurchasingslaveshadgonewiththewind.Exceptseveralpersonalblackcattles,morethan100slavesinScarlett’shomewereallawaywiththeNorthernarmy.Slavesofthepastnowbecameunusuallyluckypeople,withhelpoftheYankee;thoseblackpeoplewhoweremostlowlyandignoranthaveclimbedtolabour.Therefore,thevanishoftheslavesinstitutionpromotethedevelopmentofthedomesticeconomy,itwasaninevitableresultofthedevelopmentofthecapitalistclass.Thewarmadethesoutherneconomycollapsed,therewithitscivilizationandcustomsfellapart.GoneWithTheWindisbotharomanceandameditationofthechangesthatswepttheAmericaSouthinthe1860s.Thenovelbeginsin1861,inthedaysbeforetheCivilWar,andendsin1871,aftertheDemocratsregainpowerinGeorgia.TheSouthchangescompletelyduringtheinterveningyears,andMitchell’snovelillustratesthestrugglesoftheSouthpeoplewholivethroughtheCivilWarera.2.2MargaretMitchellandGonewiththeWindMargaretMitchell,theauthoroftheenormouslypopularnovelGonewiththeWind(1936),wasborninAtlanta.ThesocialcustomsofSouthAmericaandtherelationshipofherfamilymadeadirectimpactonhernovels.WhenMitchellwasborn,herhometowninAtlantawasstillimmersedinthepainful;andstruggleoftheCivilWar.MitchellgrewuplisteningtostoriesaboutoldAtlantaandthebattlestheConfederateArmyhadfoughtthereduringtheAmericanCivilWar.Attheageoffifteenshewroteinherjournal:“IfIwereaboy,IwouldtryforWestPoint,ifIcouldmakeit,orwellI’dbeaprizefighter—anythingforthethrills.”(Harwell,1976:36)MitchellgraduatedfromthelocalWashingtonSeminaryandstartedin1918tostudymedicineatSmithCollege.Undertheinfluenceofhergrandmother,shebegantoaccepttheracialconceptoftheSouthandclassprejudice,andshehadafeelingofhatredandresentment.From1926to1929shewroteGonewiththeWind.Theoutcome,athousandpagenovel,whichwaslatercomparedwithTolstoy’sWarandPeace,waspublishedbytheMacmillanPublishingCompanyin1936.Today,thesocialeffectcausedbyGonewiththeWindisstillextraordinary.Afteritspublication,GonewiththeWindwaspraisedaswellascriticized.TheNewYorkerpraisedit,andJohnCroweRanson,thepoetandcritic,admired“thearchitecturalpersistencebehindthebigwork”(Robbins,2000:79)butcriticizedthebookasoverlySouthern,particularlyinitstreatmentofReconstruction.Inhisreview,MalcolmCowley’sdisdainoriginatedpartlyfromthebook’spopularity.JohnPealeBishopdismissedthenovelasmerely“onemoreofthose1000pagenovels,competentbutneitherverygoodnorverysound.”(谭隧,2003:55)Despitethedifferentcomments,GonewiththeWindwasawardedthePulitzerPrizein1937.Andthereissomethingcannotbeignored,thatistheimpactofthenovelisincreasinglydeepandirresistible.Intheworldofliterature,MargaretMitchellisoneofthefewwriterswhosefamesarebuiltononlyonebook.SincethepublicationofGonewiththeWind3.TheStudyofFeminisminGonewiththeWind3.1MainFemaleImagesinGonewiththeWindThereisaprofoundandrichconnotationofGonewiththewind.NotonlydoesitcarryforwardthespiritoftheSouthernnoble’sindomitablestruggleforsurvival,butalsoinpraiseoftheearth,whichismorepermeatedwithrichfemaleconsciousness.Womenareinsubordinatepositionandsubjectedtomanyrestrictions,theirroleisnotbeingtakenseriously,butthefemaledescribedbyMitchelldidnotlosetheirlusteranddazzlinginthemalegroup.Thisisastrong-women-leadingnovel,Scarlett,Melanie,Ellen,Mrs.Mead,blackmummy.Mitchelltriedtoshowthematriarchyunderthesouthernpatriarchysystem.3.1.1MelanieMelanieisapureandsimpleniceperson.Sheisaverytraditionalwoman;shelovesherhusbandandson,andtakescareofeveryoneatherside.FromtheoriginalworkwecanseethatMenarejustlikebabieswhoneedwomen’sattentionandcare.ScarlettandMelaniearealsomen’sspiritualsupporters;theyhavedonetheirbesttosupporttheirmenandlookaftertheirfamilywellwhentheirmenarefightingatthebattle.Withouttheirdearwives’orgirlfriends’perpetualinvigoration,thesemencannotbesobraveatthebattle.Allthehonorwhichthemengaininthewarwillbeconsecratedtothewomenwhofightwiththeircommonenemiesbutonlyindifferentplace.Andafterwar,theyarestillmen’ssupporters.Melanielovesherhusbandverymuch.Thiskindoflovecomesfromherheartanditissosincereandgreat.FromthetimewhensheandAshleyareengaged,Melaniegivesherwholehearttohim.ShetakesAshleyasherchildandmomentlykeepsaneyeonhim.AndshealsoknowshowimportantherselfistoAshley.Sosheevencouldnotpeacehermindatherdyingmoment.SeethefollowingextractfromthepartinwhichMelaniewasdying:“Ashley.”“You’lllookafterhim?”“Hecatchescoldsoeasily!Lookafterhisbusiness,youunderstand?”“Ashleyisn’tpractical.”“Lookafterhim,Scarlett,butdon’teverlethimknow.”(Margaret,1998:90)Andatherlastwords,shestillrememberstoletScarlettwhoshetrustssomuchpromisetotakecareofherhusbandaftershedies.Fromherlastwords,itiseasytounderstandthatMelanieisveryclearofAshley’slivingabilityaswellashowmuchthathislifewillhavenosenseifMelaniedies:“IfI’veeverbeenstrong,itwasbecauseshewasbehindme,”hesaid,hisvoicebreaking,andhelookeddownatthegloveandsmoothedthefigures.“And—and—allthestrengthIeverhadisgoingwithher.”“WhatwillIdo?Ican’t—can’tlivewithouther!”(Margaret,1998:132)Apparently,womenusetheirparticularwaystosupportmenandchangethem.Sequentially,theychangetheworldindirectly.Althoughwomencannotbementionedinthesamebreathwithmenonphysicalaspect:Men’sbodiesaresobig,strongandpowerfulandtheirstrengthsawewomenandmakewomenseeminglysubmittothem,Men’sinnerworldsarevacuous.Theyaremen’sspiritualsupporters.Oncemenlosetheirspiritualsupporters,theywillnotfindhappinessintheirlivesanymore.Women’spowerisincontestableinthedevelopmentoftheworld.Buttheirpowerdoesnotshowinthewayoffightingonthebattle.Thoughtheirsupporttomenisintherear,theyindirectlychangethemenandtheworld.Theynotonlymaketheirlivesbetter,butalsobringmencourageandhope.Besides,Melanieiskindheartedandconsiderate,thoughtsheisthinandweak,sheisdefinitelynotflabby.Sheloveslifeandiswillingtodonatetothesouthernsociety.AlthoughMelanieisasweetandquietwomanwhomaybetheweakestwomanphysicallyamongthesefourfemalecharacters,whenshemeetsdifficulties,shebehaveslikeastrongwoman.Whenshefacedherimpoverishedfamily,frustratedhusband,littleson,andthedownandoutAtlanta,sheusedherweakbody,strongwillandfirmeyestocheerupthepeoplearound.EvenScarlett,thewomanwhoregardedMelanieasarival,hadtoadmitMelaniehadakindofendlessappetencyandcanattractothers.SometimesScarlettevenfeltthatistheweakMelanieprotectingher.Rhett,whoregardedasa“rogue,villain,speculator”bythehighclass,alsosaidMelaniewasoneofthegreatestwomen.Sheevengottrustandrespectfromaprostitute.AftertheCivilWar,shereturnedtoAtlantaandbecameleaderandorganizerofseveralWomen’sInstitute,totheextentthatDoctorMeadewhowithaloftyvirtueworthyofrespectpraisedher,“Youaretheheartofallofus.”Aslongaswehavesuchaheart,itdoesn’tmatterthattheYankeetookallofthethings.NoexpressionoffearordreadcanbeseenonMelanie’sface.Bravenessexistsinhersmallbodyallthetime.Sodifficultiescouldneverdecreaseherpatienceandcourage.AsaYankeeslipsintotheirhousetostealtheirfortune,Melanie,atthatmoment,disregardingofherhealthconditionthatsheisalmostdying,intendstoholdupaheavysaberinordertoprotectherfriendsandbabies’lives.TheauthordescribeswhatMelanielookslikeatthattimeintheeyesofScarlett:Withathrillshelookedupatthefrailswayinggirlforwhomsheneverhadanyfeelingsbutdislikeandcontempt.Now,strugglingagainsthatredforAshley’swife,theresurgedafeelingofadmirationandcomradeship.ShesawinaflashofclarityuntouchedbyanypettyemotionthatbeneaththegentlevoiceandthedovelikeeyesofMelanietherewasathinflashingbladeofunbreakablesteel,felttoothattherewerebannersandbulgesofcourageinMelanie’squiteblood.(Mitchell,1964:88)WhatMelaniedoesevenmakesScarlettwhoisalwayshardandfirmshocked?ItmeansthatMelanieisconsiderablygreat.AndafterScarlettkillstheYankee,Melaniemakesupaverycoolandperfectlietocheattheothersavoidingtheunnecessarytrouble.ThenshearrangesScarlettwhatshouldbedonenextcalmly.ThereisnosuggestiontoshowthatMelaniewincesatthattime.Inthehardtimes,Melaniehasnevercomplainedaboutthesimpleandcrudelifeaswellasuptheunfairfate,sheenduresstarvation,illnessandthetortureandmakesuphermindfightingwiththehardtimeandmisfortuneswithoutretreating.Handinhand,withScarlett,facingthesemisfortunesandcatastrophesbravely.3.1.2ScarlettThenovel’sprotagonist,Scarlettisapretty,coquettishSouthernbellewhogrowsupontheGeorgiaplantationofTaraintheyearsbeforetheCivilWar.Selfish,shrewdandvain,Scarlettinheritsthestrongwillofhisfather,Gerald,butalsodesirestopleaseherwell-bred,gentlemother,Ellen.Althoughinitiallyshetriestobehaveprettily,herinstinctsriseupagainstsocialrestrictions.DeterminationdefinesScarlettanddriveshertoachieveeverythingshedesiresbyanymeansnecessary.AndScarlett’sstubbornandself-confidencethroughouttheentireliteraryworks.InScarlett’sheart,sheismoreattractiveandcharmingthananyotherwomanandshenevercaresabouttherivalinloveandthementhatpursuither,butshekeptthepersistentloveforAshley.AfterRhettlefthertojointhearmy,shewasalonetotaketheweakandhelplessMelanietoescapetheterror.Sheshouted“I’mgoingtolivethroughthis,andwhenit’sallover,Iwillneverbehungeragain”(MargaretMitchell,1964:92)ontheredclayground.Shebelievedthatshecanoperatethestoreandtimberfactorybetterthanmen;shecandowhatmencando,andevendobetterthanthem.AfterScarletttakeschargeofthesawmill,shebeginstodobusinesswiththeYankees.Therefore,mostofthesouthernersareexasperatedagainstherbusinessmanner.TheyfeelthatScarletthasnofeeling.Mrs.MerriwetherandmanyotherSouthernerswerealsodoingbusinesswiththenewcomersfromtheNorth,butthedifferencewasthattheydidnotlikeitandplainlyshowedtheydidnotlikeit.AndScarlettdid,orseemedto,whichwasjustbad.ShehadactuallytakenteawiththeYankeesofficer’swivesintheirhomes!Infact,shehaddonepracticallyeverythingshortofinvitingthemintoherownhome,andthetownguessedshewoulddoeventhat,exceptforAuntPittyandFrank.(Pauline,1989:77).Thethesisdisagreeswiththisstandpointcompletely.Infaith,Scarlettistoosanguineandpractical.Furthermore,Scarlettisnotasensitivepersoninnature.Yetonlybasedonthesetworeasons,wecannotconcludethatScarletthasnotypicalsoutherners’feeling.Beforethewarstarts,herlifeispeacefulandhappyandnothingcouldstimulatehertogeneratethefeelingthatsentimentalAshleyhas.Afterall,Ashleywasanexception.Hecouldnotrepresentthewholesouthernerswhobelongedtotheupperclassofsociety.Scarlett,atthattime,likeotherSoutherners,ishappyandhasnothingtoworryabout.Afterthewar,Scarlettisforcedtosupportthewholefamily;herearthboundcharactergiveshernotimetoenjoythesentimentalfeelingwhichmostSouthernershave.Toher,themostimportantthingistolive,havingfoodtoeatandplacetoresidein.NotimecanbewastedbyhertolamentthedownfalloftheSouth,liketheotherSouthernerswhentheyarestillunderthesituationoffoodscarcity.Scarlett’snotionthatrecallingofthepastcanonlydecreasehercouragewhichessentiallyisnotsoexcessiveforhertofacethehardshipisright.However,wheneverythingissufficientandthehardtimeisover,shebeginstomourn,likeotherSoutherners,forthedownfalloftheSouthandthelostcivilization.AlthoughshehasbusinessrelationshipwiththeYankees,inherheart,shehatesthem:“Allthesenewpeople,strangers,everyone!Theydidn’tknowher.Theywouldneverknowher.‘thesepeoplefromGod—knows—wherewhoseemedtolivealwaysonthesurfaceofthings,whohadnocommonmemoriesofwarandhungerandfighting,whohadnocommonrootsgoingdownintothesameredearth.”“Oh,tobewithherownkindofpeopleagain,thosepeoplewhohadbeenthroughthesamethingsandknewhowtheyhurt—andyetknowgreatapartofyoutheywere!”(Margaret,1998:14)Sofromtheaboveparagraphs,weknowthatScarletthasthesamefeelingastheotherSouthernersoftheupper-classsociety.Infact,theinnerworldofScarlettisverycomplicatedandcolorful.Scarlettwholooksignorant,unfeelingandbrusquehasvehementconflictlurkinginthedeeplevelofhermind.Therearetwokindsofstrongandclingingdesiresco-existinginhermind:onedesireisthepursuitofmaterial,hopingtobesatisfiedbythecomfortwhichisbroughtbyadequatematerial;theotherisspirituallevel,longingfortheclosenessoftruth,kindnessandbeauty,whichiscomingfromtheconsciousnessesofhumannature.Thoughadvocatingsexist,thewomeninthenoveltakepracticalactiontoprovetheirvalueandinfacttheycandobetter.Mitchellpraisedthecharity,wisdomandadamancyofthewomeninthenovelwithawoman’sfineandsmoothpsychology.Mitchellexpressedsuchapointthat“Womenarenotinherentlyweak.Menandwomenareequal,andwomenwouldevenstrongerthanmen.”(Harwell,1976:3)ThecriticsaidthisfeministnovelwrittenbyMitchell“neverandwouldnotputthenatureofwomanlyandgentleintosuchanunimportantposition.”(Alexandra,1991:65)Besides,shealsoexposedthesouthernpatriarchywhichrequiredwomentodefertomenineverything,nomatterhowill-timeitseemed.Thisdeterminationmanifestsitselfinhernarcissisticandsometimesbackstabbingeffortstoexcitetheadmirationofeveryyoungmanintheneighborhood.WhenhardshipsplagueScarlett,shemanagestoovercomeadversitythroughbrutestrengthofwill.ShemergesasafeministheroinebecauseshereliesonherselfaloneandsurvivestheCivilWarandReconstructionunaided.SherebuildsTaraaftertheYankeeinvasionandworksherwayupinthenewpoliticalorder,takingcareofhelplessfamilymembersandfriendsalongtheway.ThearticleanalysesScarlett’s(aSouthGreatGardenBraveScarletthasneverbeenbeatendownbyanydifficulties.Shecantackleanytroubleintheend.Shedoesnotyieldtoanymisfortunewhichherfatebringstoher.Tostruggleagainstunfairfatewithalleffortsisthewayshetreatsfate.Whenconfrontingthechallengesofthedifficulties,Scarlettdoesnotwince.Althoughsheisveryyoung,shehasalreadyundergonelotsofhardexperience.ShecomesacrossthethorniestdifficultyinherlifewhenshereturnshomefromAtlanta.Theprocessofherjourneytohomeisexceedinglyhardanddangerous.Atthattime,peopleinAtlantaontheirwayhomemaycomeacrossthesoldiersoftheSouthatanytimewhowouldrobMargaretMitchellcreatesinGonewiththeWind.Shedarestogoagainstthetraditionandthetreatmentoffemalesasinferiortomales,andshedarestogooutofthefamilyandenterintothepatriarchalworldinordertoobtainthefemale’sindependenceineconomyandpersonality.MeanwhileScarlettisalsoindecisiveandperplexedinherlovelife;themeaningofherstrugglingforherselfcan’tbeignored.3.2FeminismandGonewiththeWindGonewiththeWinddescribedtherenaissanceoffeminineconsciousnessofScarlettbydominanttechnique.Asawoman,whenMargaretMitchellrecalledthememoryoftheCivilWar,shewasdeeplyconcernedtothewomen’sfateandpraisedthewomentopursuetheirliberties.Thoughthewomeninthenovelwerepinnedforalongtime,theywereuneducatedan