被动语态的讲与练（）

被动语态的讲与练被动语态构成形式被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词〞构成。不及物动词没有被动语态。在不同的时态下助动词be有不同的形式。

—、PracticeI(ActiveVoice→PassiveVoice)

1.Heplantsmanytreeseveryyear.

2.Thenewcoupleboughtthefurnituretheotherday.

3.Theexpertsarediscussingtheproblematthemeeting.

4.TheywerecleaningtheclassroomwhenIwasthere.

5.HehasreadmanyarticlesbyLuXun.

6.Hehadlefthiskeysbeforehecametomyplace.

7.Shewillfinishthetaskinadayortwo.

8.Shesaidthatshewouldfinishthetaskinadayortwo.

注意:

转换时,你注意到时态的一致性、人称代词的变化及被动中的谓语动词的单复数问题吗?

被动结构中，由be动词来表示其时态特点；其谓语动词在人称和数应与被动中的主语保持一致。

PracticeII(PassiveVoice→ActiveVoice)

1.Theprogramisoperatedbyvillagers.

2.Thematterwassolvedsuccessfullybyher.

3.Thelifeofthemiludeerisbeingstudiedbyspecialistsatpresent.

4.Hewasbeingpunishedforbeinglatebytheheadteacher.

5.Enoughhasbeensaidtohimaboutitbyus.

6.Hishomeworkhadn’tbeenfinishedwhenhecamebacktoschool.

7.Theproblemwillbetalkedaboutafterthemeeting.

8.Hepromisedthattheproblemwouldbediscussednexttime.

八种常见时态的被动语态形式:

1.一般现在时

is/am/are+done

2.一般过去时

was/were+done

3.现在进行时

is/am/arebeing+done

4.过去进行时

was/werebeing+done

5.现在完成时

has/havebeen+done

6.过去完成时

hadbeen+done

7.一般将来时

will/shallbe+done//is/am/aregoingtobe+done//is/am/aretobe+done

8.过去将来时

would/shouldbe+done

现以及物动词tell为例，列表如下：

PracticeIII(FillintheblankswithproperformsofPassiveVoice)

1.Ifyougoonlikethis,you____________(punish)soonerorlater.

2.Oneofthestadiums__________________(complete)bytheendoflastyear.

3.Mybestfriendstaysathomenow,forherhouse___________(decorate).

4.About3,000Englishwords_____________(learn)sofar.

5.Hebelievedthetask_______________(finish)intwohours.

6.Manytrees______________(plant)atthistimeeveryyear.

7.Therestofthework_______________(finish)lastnight.

8.Hetoldmethatafilm_______________(show)inthehallthen.

二、被动语态的用法：

1.不知道或无必要说出动作的执行者：

e.g.Suddenlyashoutwasheard./Footballisplayedallovertheworld.

2.出于礼貌,委婉的表述:

e.g.Youarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.

3.突出或强调行为或动作的承受者:

e.g.Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.

4.有时主语较长或为句子的更好安排:

e.g.Ithasbeenknowntohimthatmanyfriendswillcometoseehim.

Thewell-knownsingergotonthebusandwasrecognizedbypeople.

三、特殊的被动情形

(1)含情态动词的被动语态<如:must+bedone//havebeendone>

1.Yourcar_____________(不能停放)here.Look,thereisasignreading“NoParking〞.

2.Thetestpaper________________(应该被完成)yesterday.

3.Thehouse_________________(过去漆成白色),butnowit’spink.

4.thesportsmeeting________________(必须被推迟)

becauseofthebadweather.

5.Theblackboard________________(应当擦干净)

beforeeveryclass.

6.Hiswork___________(一定

做完了),

forheisplayingcomputergamesnow.

(2)少数动词常用其所接的不定式来表示被动意义<seem/happen/pretend/appear>

1.Heseemed_________________(criticize)forwhathehaddone;helookedunhappy.

2.Theirtalkhappened____________(hear)bytheteacher.

3.Onthewaywehappened_____________(catch)intherain.

(3)短语动词在被动中不可遗漏其介词或副词

1.Thedoctorhasbeen______________________(派人去请).

2.Blackpeopleusedto________________________(看不起).

3.Elderlypeopleshould________________________(好好照顾).

4.Theproblemwill_____________________(给予更多关注).

5.Everyminuteoughtto_________(充分利用去学更多知识).

6.Heisoften___________________(嘲笑)inpublic.

7.Theexercisesmust___________(交上来)bySundayatthelatest.

8.Mr.Whitecan__________(信赖)whenyouareintrouble.

(4)“动词+名词+介词〞的动词短语可有两种被动形式(以payattentionto为例)

e.g.Youshouldpayspecialattentiontoyourpronunciation.

→

→

(5)带双宾的动词的被动句(习惯用间接宾语为主语;假设用直接宾语为主语,那么需加介词to或for于间接宾语之前)

e.g.Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.

→

→

(6)带复合宾语的动词的被动句(宾补保持在原位上,变成主补)

1.Themanagercaughthimsmokinginthesmoke-freeroom.

→

2.Theinjuredmanwasfound________(lie)ontheground.

3.Iwastold_________(wait)forherattheschoolgatebyhim.

4.Thenaughtyboywasseen________

(beat)byhisfather.

§

注意:一些带省to的不定式做宾补的使役和感官动词,在被动中应补上to。

1ThebossmadelittleTomhavetwomealsaday.→

2.Hewasseen___________(enter)thehall.

3.Youcouldn’tseehimatthemeeting.Hewasseen_______(play)footballatthattime.

※make/have/let;see/watch/notice/observe/lookat;hear/listento

(7)其他系动词也可构成被动<get/remain/stay/keep等等>

1.Ihavetogotoschoolonfoot,formybikeisgettingrepairednow.

2.You’retoolazy;muchofthework_______________(还未做).

3.Ifoundherappearance_________(依然未变)aftersomanyyears.

4.They______________(被耽误)asaresultofthetrafficjam.

5.Thedoor_____________(一直未锁)afterheleft.

(8)非谓语动词的被动现象

1.Themeeting________________(hold)yesterdaywasveryimportant.

2.Themeeting________________atpresentisveryimportant.

3.Themeeting________________tomorrowisveryimportant.

4.WhatIneedisnotto_________________(落后).

5.Sheslippedintotheclassroomwithout_________________(notice).

<Shetookawaymydictionarywithout______(ask)me.>

6.Shewaslucky;sheescaped______________(kill)intheaccident.

7.Themanagerwantedthereport____________(type)immediately.

8.Ianglad________________(invite)toyourpartylastnight.

PracticeIV

1.Thereisstillmuchwork_____________________(do).

2.Ican’tgowithyou;Ihavealetter____________(type).

3.I’mfreenow.PerhapsIcanhelpyou.Doyoustillhaveletters________?

4.Hegavemeafewbooks________(read).

5.Theproblemiseasy___________(settle),inmyopinion.

6.Ifindtheproblemeasy__________.

7.Ithinkthisisaproblemeasy___________.

8.Ireallydon’tknowwhat___________(say)now.

9.Withanimportantexam___________(worryabout),

Ihavetoworkevenharder.

10.Thebookischeapenough________(buy).

11.Thebookistooexpensive(forme)_________(buy).

12.Iwonderwhichdriveris__________(blame)fortheaccident.

13.Theroomwants____________________(clean).

14.Theproblemrequires___________________(discuss)further.

15.Thefilmisworth_________________(see)asecondtime.

16.Thepen_____________(write)smoothly.

17.Hisnovels___________(sell)well.

18.Thedoor____________(锁不上).

19.Foodcan______________(保鲜)inthefridge.

20.Theincidentwasproved,andhe___________(证明是)tobehonest.

21.Asthestrawberries__________(taste)delicious,theysellwell.

cf.___________(taste)delicious,thestrawberriessellwell.

四、使用被动语态时应特别注意的几个问题

(1)常见的无被动的动词或短语动词<应在平时学习中多积累!!!>

1.Thewar___________in1939.

Anaccident_________lastnight.

Thesportsmeeting____________nextweekend.

Anidea____________tome.(我想起了主意。)

2.Mymoney______________(快用完了).

Thehorse____________(筋疲力尽)afteralongrun.

Mycar_____________(坏了)onthewayhere.

3.Themedicalteam___________(由……组成)threedoctorsandtennurses.

Thestone_______(重达)1,000tons.

Theraincoat_______〔不属于〕me.

4.Themeeting______________(不会持续)verylong.

(2)主动表被动的假设干现象

★不定式中的现象

★动名词中的现象<need/want/require/demand/beworth>

★有些动词与副词连用时,表示主语的特性。<sell/wash/read/write/open/lock/clean等等>

★系动词与感官系动词没有被动<prove/turnout/remain/keep/stay等等///look/smell/taste/sound/feel>

(3)有些介词也可表被动意义

1.Thebuildingisunderconstruction

(=isbeingconstructed).

2.Therumorisbeyondbelief(=can’tbebelieved).

3.Thebookisnotinprint(=isnotyetprinted).

4.Theplanewasoutofcontrol(=can’tbecontrolled).

5.Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher’spermission.

6.Thesedayssometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum.

7.Thathouseisforsale(=tobesold).

8.Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise(=cannotbepraisedenough).这样考过①(南京调研)Thetemperaturewillfallsharplythedayaftertomorrow，whenasnowstorm________tostrikeourarea. A.expectsB．hasexpected C．isexpectedD．willbeexpected解析：句意：届时会有暴风雪。beexpectedto“预计会做某事〞。答案：C②(北京)Thewaytheguests________inthehotelinfluencedtheirevaluationoftheservice.A．treated B．weretreatedC．wouldtreat D．wouldbetreated解析：句意：客人们在旅馆中被招待的方式影响到对他们效劳的评价。此题考查时态语态。根据题意，客人是被招待的，应排除A、C两项；influenced时间提示为一般过去时，应选B。答案：B③(湖南示范性中学联考)AfterbeingdiscoveredbyDutchexplorersin1606，theeasternhalfofAustralia________bytheBritishin1770.A．wasclaimed B．claimedC．wasclaiming D．hasbeenclaimed解析：由句意：自1606年被荷兰探险者发现之后，澳大利亚东半局部在1770年宣布为英国所有，知答案选A。答案：A④(皖西四校)________isknowntousisthatthe2021OlympicGames________inLondon.A．What;willbeheldB．It;willholdC．As;isheld D．Which;holds解析：由句意知空中应填一个引导主语从句的连接词，并作句子的主语；由句中的时间2021年知表将来，且OlympicGames与hold之间为被动关系。综上选A。答案：A⑤(北京海淀区)Ifyourorderisready，theT­shirt________toyouassoonaspossible.A．hasdelivered B．isdeliveredC．willdeliver D．willbedelivered解析：主语是T­shirt谓语动词，deliver应用被动，表示T­shirt被送，排除A、C两项。根据语境，如果你定了货，T­shirt将会随时被送货。应选D项。答案：D⑥(北京宣武区)—Ameeting________at3p.m.

nextTuesday.—Willyougothere?A．hasheld B．hasbeenheldC．willbeheld D．willhold解析：根据时间状语nextTuesday判断用将来式。主语是meeting被举行因此选C项。willbeheld为将来时的被动式。答案：C⑦(四川)—Whydon'twechoosethatroadtosavetime?—Thebridgetoit________.A．hasrepaired B．isrepairedC．isbeingrepaired D．willberepaired解析：句意：——为什么我们不选择走那条路以节省时间呢？——因为去那条路的桥正在修理中。题目考查了现在进行时的被动语态作谓语。桥与修理存在被动关系，而且根据句子语境要求采用进行时态。答案：C⑧(湖南)Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent？Theweatherreport________andIwanttolisten.A．isbroadcast B．isbeingbroadcastC．hasbeenbroadcast D.hadbeenbroadcast解析：句意：请安静一下好吗？正播送天气预报呢，我想听听。根据句意，该空考查的是现在进行时的被动语态。答案：B⑨(江苏)—Hi，Torry，canIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon?—Sorry.________.A．It'srepaired

B．IthasbeenrepairedC.It'sbeingrepairedD.Ithadbeenrepaired解析：句意：——嗨，Torry，今天下午我能用一会儿你的电脑吗？——真抱歉，电脑正在修理。该句强调的是此时电脑正被维修，需用现在进行时的被动语态。

答案：C⑩(上海)Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities，people________nottotouchanyunattendedbag.A．hadalwaysbeenwarnedB．werealwaysbeingwarnedC．arealwayswarningD．alwayswarned解析：句意：在最近恐怖活动期间，人们总是在被警告不要碰任何无人照看的包。bealwaysdoingsth.总是做某事，表达某种抱怨、不满或赞许的情绪。人们是“被警告〞，要用被动语态。答案：B⑪(全国Ⅰ)Hissisterlefthomein1998，and________since.A．hadnotbeenheardofB．hasnotbeenheardofC．hadnotheardofD．hasnotheardof解析：句意：他妹妹在1998年离开家，从那以后就没了音讯。根据句意，指的是过去离开以后，到现在一直没音讯，故用现在完成时；hearof与hissister在本句中为被动关系，故用被动语态，所以选B。答案：B⑫(北京崇文区)Itwasproventhatthestoryofonewitness________.A．hasbeeninventedB．hadbeeninventedC．wouldbeinventedD．wasinvented解析：此题考查时态，据证实(Itwasproventhat...)用过去的时态，故后面用过去完成式(已经被编造出来)。

答案：B⑬(皖南八校联考)ThisMondaymorningIwasinformedI________asoneofthreeexchangestudentsfromourcollege.A．hadbeenchoosing B．waschosenC．hadbeenchosen D．waschoosing解析：过去的过去应用过去完成时的被动语态。答案：C⑭(2006·湖南)Inaroomabovethestore，whereaparty________，someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A．wastobeheld B．hasbeenheldC．willbeheld D．isbeingheld解析：由someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable，可知会议要被召开，同时时态为过去时，应选A。答案：A⑮(青岛质检)—Haveyoufinishedyouressay?—Half________whenyoucomeback.A．hasbeendone B．isdoneC．bedone D．willhavebeendone解析：考查动词时态和语态辨析。when引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时，所以主句表示将来的动作，且表示“等你回来的时候一半的工作将已经完成〞。答案：D⑯(北京宣武区)Atminus130℃，alivingcellcan________forathousandyears.A．preserve B．bepreservedC．bepreserving D．havebeenpreserved解析：考查情态动词用法。can后面接动词原形，同时应注意被动语态。句意为：在零下130℃时，活细胞可以存活一千年。答案：B⑰(洛阳统考)—Honey，thisisapresentforyourbirthday.—Ah！Apairofshoes，Nike！Ithinkit________comfortable.A．wears B．iswornC．iswearing D．hasworn解析：itwearscomfortable它穿起来很舒服。答案：A⑱(郑州预测)—I'dlikeapenwhich______well.—Willthisone________？A．writes;help B．writes;doC．iswritten;work D．iswritten;help解析：考查动词的语态和动词辨析。第一空表示“一支好用的钢笔〞，用主动语态而不用被动，因此空白处填writes。答语说：这支笔可以吗？表示“行，可以〞用动词do。答案：B⑲(北京五中)Ourhousehasreachedthepointwheresomanythingsneed________andit'ssohardtofindthetimetofixthem.A．todoup B．doingupC．toputup D．puttingup答案：B⑳(武汉)Mom'sspentthedayshopping，cleaningandcookingandnowshe________.A．haswornout B．iswornoutC．iswearingout D．wearsout解析：此题的第一分句用的是现在完成时，再根据时间状语now可知指现在状况，所以用一般现在时，bewornout意为“筋疲力尽〞。答案：B (北京东城区)—Doyouknowhowmuchababysitter________foranhour?—Well，itdepends.A．pays B．getspaidC．beingpaid D．paid解析：根据句意“你知道一个保姆一小时挣多少钱吗〞可知答案为B。答案：B (重庆诊断)—What'swrongwithyourleg?—It________inacaraccident.A．hasbeenhurt B．gothurtC．hurt D．hurts解析：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。答语意为：在一次车祸中受伤了。主语It即指myleg，为谓语动词动作的承受者，因此需要用被动语态；车祸发生在过去，因此应用一般过去时。这里gothurt＝washurt。答案：B1．Thestudentssaidhellototheteacherand________withasmile.A．wererewarded B．wasrewardedC．haverewarded D．hasrewarded答案与解析：A“学生们向老师问好，老师回应给他们一个微笑。〞应该是“学生们被回应……〞由句意可知此处为被动，故C、D排除；又“thestudents〞做主语，所以谓语动词为“were〞，应选A项。2．—Havethetrafficpolicecaughtthedriver?—Yes.He________onlytwohoursaftertheaccidentoccurred.A．wascaught B．caughtC．hascaught D．hascaught答案与解析：A表示过去某一时间点发生的事用过去式。He和caught形成被动关系，用被动语态。3．—Thewindowsmusthavetakenyouquitealongtimethatday.—Right.They________forweeks.A．haven'tbeencleanedB．didn'tcleanC．hadn'tbeencleaned D．haven'tcleaned答案与解析：C考查时态。第一句话的谓语动词是musthavetaken，说明此处是对过去发生的事情的推测；答语“好几个星期没有清扫了〞发生在thatday之前，表示过去的过去，因此用过去完成时。4．Theadvancedhigh­speedrailway________intheyear2021，whentheOlympicsaretobeheldinLondon.A．willbecompleted B．hascompletedC．willhavecompleted D．willcomplete答案与解析：A考查谓语动词的时态。句中的时间状语intheyear2021暗示应该用将来的某种时态，主语“Theadvancedhigh­speedrailway〞是动作的承受者，因此应用被动语态，只有选项A为被动语态，答案为A。5．—Whydoyoulooksoworried?—Mycomputerbrokedownandmyessay________since.A．hasbeenleftunfinishedB．haslefttofinishC．waslefttofinishD．hadbeenleftunfinished答案与解析：A考查动词的时态和语态。由brokedown和since可知时态用现在完成时，且主语与谓语动词之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。6．—Whydon'tyoubuythatshirt?—Thatkindofmaterial_____well.A．doesn'twashB．hasn'twashedC．isn'twashedD．can'tbewashed答案与解析：A有少数及物动词可转化为不及物动词，常见的有：cut，lock，open，read，sell，shut，wash，wear，write等，此时句子的主语一般是物，而且这些动词常和well，easily等连用或与否认词连用构成否认句。注意：含有这类动词的句子也可用被动语态表示，但含义不同。主动语态表示现状，被动语态那么侧重某一动作的发生。本句表示那种面料很不耐洗，所以选A。7．Aftersayinggood­bye，thecouplemovedoffand________inthecrowd.A．waslost B．werelostC．hadlost D．tolose答案与解析：B考查动词的时态和主谓