5巧用衔接与过渡

高考书面表达之巧用衔接与过渡•真题导入（2018年全国卷I）假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Teny将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗．请你回复邮件，内容包括：到达时间；合适的礼物；餐桌礼仪．注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．【分析】考查提纲类作文。这是李华给新西兰朋友Teny的一封信.根据题目要求可知用第一人称，时态以一般现在时态为主。试题设置为半开放式，给考生一定提示的同时，也给考生提供了更为宽广的思维空间，使考生留有很大的自由发挥的余地，这样更能全面和客观地考查考生的语言组织和书面表达的能力．要写出一篇好的文章，考生不仅要精炼地表达所给信息，更加重要的是在自由发挥部分，要有自己独到的见解．DearTeny，Howareyoudoing？Inyourlastletter，youaskedmeaboutbeingaguesttoaChinesefriend'shome．Now，Iamwritingtoinfromyouofsomerelevantdetails.（点明书信目的）Tobeginwith，accordingtoourtradition，youaresupposedtoarriveearly，sothatyoucanhelpthefamilypreparethedinner，whichisnotonlymeaningfulbutalsointeresting【高分句型一】Besides,you'dbetterbringsomegifts,SuChasabookoraChineseknot.What'smore，whenyouareenjoyingthemeal，youneedtoavoidmakingnoiseswhilechewingfood.（介绍做客应该注意的问题：到达时间；合适的礼物；餐桌礼仪.）Hopefully,thesesuggestionswouldbehelpfulforyou.Ihavetheconfidencethatyouwillhaveagreattime.【高分句型二】Lookingforwardtoyourgoodnews.（希望自己的建议对他有用）Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua..•考纲解读【高考大纲要求】写作是四项语言技能中不可分割的一个重要部分，更是语言生成能力的重要表现形式。该部分要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能：（1）准确使用语法和词汇语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或间接地影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准中的一项重要内容。（2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题，作者应该围绕该主题，借助一些句型、词汇等的支持，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。•考查标准一、评分标准要求完全完成了试题规定的任务。覆盖所有内容要点。应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。完全达到了预期的写作目的。二、评分标准分析由评分标准可知，英语作文高分的“关键因素”:.内容:要点完整，观点阐述清晰，思想积极向上。.结构:段落层次分明紧凑，逻辑清晰，衔接自然连贯。.遣词造句:词汇丰富(避免一词多用)，语法结构多样(如：定于从句、状语从句、名词性从句，并列句和非谓语等)，衔接过渡词的恰当有效运用。.卷面：美观性(卷面书写规范，清楚，干净、整洁)。•解题策略1、注意语言的自然流畅，上下贯通，一气呵成。2、熟记衔接和过度词。3、正确而巧妙地使用好衔接和过渡词。注重在句与句之间，段与段之间的衔接与过度。•考点导学在经过审题、拟点、写要点、充实句子之后，能有效地使用语句间或段落间的过渡词将句子或段落衔接好，使文章更加的流畅自然，是考生书面表达突破的关键一步。下面将几种过渡衔接词语归纳如下：1、开篇表达型accordingto,atfirst,first,firstofall,tostartwith,recently,sofar,uptonow,atpresent,inrecentyears,currently，aboveall，asyouknow，asisknown，asisshownin等。[典例1]最近，越来越多的人在网上使用微博来发表自己对社会问题的看法。[典例2]aresearch，thetotalnumberisreducedtolessthan1000now.按照一项调查显示，现在总数已减少到不足1000只。[典例3]，goodlearninghabitscontributetoefficientstudy.我们大家都知道，好的学习习惯可以提高学习效率。2、承上启下型what'smore,furthermore,moreover,besides,inaddition(to),what'sworse,tomakemattersworse,worsestill,ontheonehand...ontheotherhand,forexample(instance),suchas,asfollows,then,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,meanwhile,atthesametime等。[典例1]Heisagreatscientist. ，heisgoodatplayingtheviolin.[典例2]It'stimethatsomeadscanbeveryuseful. ，theycanhelpyoutocomparetwodifferentproducts.3、时间顺序型first(ly),then,later,intheend,finally,atlast,afterthat,afterwards,since，immediately,suddenly,meanwhileetc[典例1],Weallenjoyedthebeautyofnature.同时，我们都欣赏了大自然的美丽。[典例2],Icollectedallthebooks,newspapersandotherthingsscatteredintheroomsandPUttheminplace.Iwipedthedustoffallthefurniture.,Isweptandmoppedthefloors.首先，我把所有的书籍、报纸和其他的散落在屋子里的东西收集起来放好，接着我扫去所有家具上的灰尘，然后我扫地、拖地。4、并列关系型And,or,also,aswellas,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,either...or...,not...but...,etc[典例1]IthinkwewillhaveagoodtimethereIwillsendyourphotostakenthere.我想我们会玩得很愉快，而且我将会把在那里拍的你的照片寄给你。[典例2]，doletmeknowifyouneedmoreinformation.如果你需要其他的信息，也一定要告诉我。5、条件关系型If,unless,inCaSe(Of),as/solongas,onconditionthat,etc[典例1]Iwouldbeverygratefulyoucanmeethimattheairport.如果你能到机场接他，我将不胜感激。[典例2]Westicktoourdreams，wewillbecomeawinnersoonerorlater.只要我们坚持梦想，我们迟早会成为赢家。6、递进关系型what'smore,furthermore,moreover,besides,what'sworse,stillless,tomakemattersworse,worsestill,on(the)onehand...ontheother(hand)...,foronething...foranother...,etc[典例1]Manyofthemcanhardlylookafterthemselves，managetheirownlife.他们很多人几乎不能照顾自己，更别说经营他们自己的人生。[典例2]，Icanearnsomemoneybydoingittohelpmyparents，and，Icangainsomeexperiencefromit，whichwilldogoodtomyfuturelife.一方面，我能通过做这样的事赚些钱来帮助父母，另一方面，我能从中获得一些经验，这会对我将来的生活有益。7、列举事实型SUChas,forexample∕instance,take...forexample,thatistosay,asfollows,inotherwords,etc[典例1]Theyareofdifferentshapes,diamonds,butterflies,flowersandbirds.它们形状各异，诸如像钻石、蝴蝶、花、鸟。[典例2]Ononehand,IwillorganizesomeEnglishactivities,,toholdEnglishdebatesorEnglishspeechcontestssoastohelpusstudentsarousetheirinterestinEnglish.一方面，我会组织一些英语活动，例如举办英语辩论赛或英语演讲比赛，目的是帮助我们学生提高英语方面的兴趣。8、观点过渡型inmyopinion,inmyview,inmypointofview,asfarasIamconcerned,asforme,personally,Ithink...,etc[典例1],theystandforlove,friendshipandunity.以我看来，他们代表爱、友谊和团结。9、前因后果型because,as,since,thanksto,dueto,owingto,asaresult(of),becauseof,inviewof,onaccountof,asaconsequence,onereasonisthat...,anotherreasonisthat...,so...asto...,so...that,sothat,therefore等。[典例1]Itis hiscarelessnessthatresultedintheterribleaccident.[典例2]Somepeopleareoverambitious. ,theyareusuallyunhappy.[典例3],thereisnoreasonforustolookdownuponordinaryjobs.因此，我们没有理由轻视普通的工作。[典例4],childrenbecomesoreliantontheirparentsthattheyhavenoindependentthoughtorcreativeideas.结果，孩子们变得太依赖于父母，以至于他们没有独立的思想和创造性的想法。10、转折过渡型but,however,onthecontrary,or,orelse,yet,otherwise,while,despite,inspiteof,regardlessof,instead(of),nomatterwho(what,when,where等)以及what/who/when/where等+-ever等。[典例1]Theyoungmandidn'tenjoyhispreviousjob. ,hefindsthenewjobveryinteresting.[典例2],notuntilthematchwasoverdidwerealizethatwebecametheloser.然而，直到比赛结束我们才意识到我们输了。[典例3],thevolunteersalwaysclaimthattheyaretiredofthelifeonearth,sotheyareeagertoexperiencethefuturelifeontheMars.相反，这些志愿者说，他们厌倦了地球上的生活，因此他们渴望体验未来火星上的生活。11、总结概括型inshort,inbrief,inaword,onthewhole,ingeneral,aboveall,finally,inconclusion,atlast,insummary,inone'sopinion,asfarassb.beconcerned等。[典例1]HethoughtaboutgoingtoGreeceorSpain,butdecidedonCanada.[典例2],successisimportant,andsoisfailure,becauseit'Sthemotherofsuccess.总之，成功很重要，失败也很重要，因为它是成功之母。[典例3]，travelingisthebestchoicetorechargeourselvesandgetreadyforthenewchallenges.总的来说，旅游是充实自己、准备迎接新的挑战的最好的方式。•归纳导结1.使用过渡衔接词,都要经过再三斟酌,确保没有明显的语法错误或上下文之间的逻辑关系恰当合理,否则会弄巧成拙。2．使用过渡衔接词时,要运用自然,不矫揉造作,更不要刻意运用一些复杂词汇或句型。3．衔接与过渡其目的是起着承上启下的作用,常见的连接过渡词按其功能分为以下几类：开篇表达型：accordingto,atfirst,first,firstofall,tostartwith,recently,sofar,uptonow,atpresent,inrecentyears,currently,aboveall,asyouknow,asisknown,asisshownin等。承上启下型：what'smore,furthermore,moreover,besides,inaddition(to),what'sworse,tomakemattersworse,worsestill,ontheonehand...ontheotherhand,forexample(instance),suchas,asfollows,then,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,meanwhile,atthesametime等。时间顺序型：first(ly),then,later,intheend,finally,atlast,afterthat,afterwards,since，immediately,suddenly,meanwhile等。并列关系型：And,or,also,aswellas,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,either...or...,not...but...等。条件关系型：If,unless,inCaSe(Of),as/solongas,onconditionthat,etc递进关系型：what'smore,furthermore,moreover,besides,what'sworse,stillless,tomakemattersworse,worsestill,on(the)onehand...ontheother(hand)...,foronething...foranother...等。列举事实型：suchas,forexample/instance,take...forexample,thatistosay,asfollows,inotherwords等。观点过渡型：inmyopinion,inmyview,inmypointofview,asfarasIamconcerned,asforme,personally,Ithink...等。前因后果型：because,as,since,thanksto,dueto,owingto,asaresult(of),becauseof,inviewof,onaccountof,asaconsequence,onereasonisthat...,anotherreasonisthat...,so...asto...,so...that,sothat,therefore等。转折过渡型：but,however,onthecontrary,or,orelse,yet，otherwise,while,despite,inspiteof,regardlessof,instead(of),nomatterwho(what,when,where等)以及what/who/when/where等+-ever等。总结概括型：inshort,inbrief,inaword,onthewhole,ingeneral,aboveall,finally,inconclusion,atlast,insummary,inone'sopinion,asfarassb.beconcerned等。•巩固提高一、翻译句子1．首先，我认为一个人在国外多交朋友是很重要的。.上周我得了重感冒。首先是流鼻涕，但我并未当回事。然后我开始咳嗽，后来感到发烧而且没力气。最后我被送进医院，不得不在床上躺了三天。.努力学习，你就会考上重点大学。.然而在我们学校，情况却大不一样。.多亏医生的及时治疗，他获救了。.只要你不灰心，就一定会成功。.我在森林里迷了路，更糟糕的是，天开始变黑了。.就拿北京来说吧，它是世界上最古老的都市之一。.就我而言，我喜欢财富，但我更看重健康。.总之，好公民应该遵守交通规则。二、填空.用atfirst,then,afterthat,finally填空。Ihadabadcoldlastweek. ,Ihadarunningnose,butIdidnottakeitseriously. Ibegantocough. ,Ihadafeverandfeltweak. ,Iwassenttohospitalandhadtolieinbedforthreedays..用then,later,afterthat填空。Iboughtamobilephoneon20thApr.2008.Tendays ,itdidn’tringandsendshortmessages. Itookittotheseller,butwastoldthatthemodelhadbeensoldoutandIhadtowaitatleastthreemonthsforanewone. Iwenttotherepairman..（2018年全国卷I）HoWareyoudoing?Inyourlastletter,youaskedmeaboutbeingaguesttoaChinesefriend'shome．Now，Iamwritingtoinfromyouofsomerelevantdetails． ，accordingtoourtradition，youaresupposedtoarriveearly，sothatyoucanhelpthefamilypreparethedinner，Whichisnotonlymeaningfulbutalsointeresting． ，you'dbetterbringsomegifts， abookoraChineseknot． ，Whenyouareenjoyingthemeal，youneedtoavoidmakingnoisesWhilecheWingfood．Hopefully，thesesuggestionsWouldbehelpfulforyou．IhavetheconfidencethatyouWillhaveagreattime．Lookingforwardtoyourgoodnews..（2018年全国II）Inordertohaveabetterunderstandingofourschool,anoutstandingEnglishshortmovieaboutourschoolwillbeshowninthelibraryfrom2：30to4：00intheafternoononJune9th.ItisorganizedbytheStudentUnion.Herearesomerelevantdetailsaboutit. ,thenameofthemovieisGrowingTogether,whichisaboutthedevelopmentofourbelovedschool. ,itwillbenotonlymeaningfulbutalsointeresting. , everyoneofyouwillbewelcometotakepart（participate）init,enjoyingthemovie,havingaheateddiscussionafterwardsandgivingyourowncomments.（2017年全国I）Iamwritingtoinformyouofournextclass,whichisaboutpoetryoftheTangDynasty.WewillhaveitthisFriday,inClassroom602,Building6.Inordertolearnitbetter,youneedtodothefollowingthingsbeforethenextclass. ,pleasereadsomematerialsaboutpoetryoftheTangDynasty,whichplaysanextremelysignificantroleinourliterature.Youcanfindsomeoriginalpoemsoffamouspoets, LiBaiandDuFu. ,knowingthehistoryoftheTangDynastywillbeofgreatbenefitforyoutounderstandthebackgroundofthepoems.YouaresodiligentandIamgladtoteachyou.Isincerelylookforwardtoournextclassandyourreply..（2016年全国I）IamLiHua,IamwritingtotellyousomethingaboutmyplanforthecomingsummervacationandIalsowantyoutodomeafavor.Inordertogetsomepracticalexperience,Iamplanningtotakeapart-timejobinaforeigncapitalcompany.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyjobapplicationandpersonalresume. thisisthefirsttimethatIhavewrittenanapplicationandthepersonalsresume, Idon’tevenknow therearesomethingtopayattentionto. ,I’mwritingyoutheletter,hopingyoucangivemesomehelp.Iwillbeverygrateful youcanhelpme.Lookingforwardtoyourreply. I’dbereallythankful..aresearch,thetotalnumberisreducedtolessthan1,000now.（重庆高考书面表达）8.,nothingismoreattractivethanaproperandrealisticPiCtUre.（上海高考书面表达）9. ,Imadeupmymindtostudyharderratherthanwasteprecioustimeonthoseuselessthings,playingvideogamesandchattingonline.（湖南高考书面表达）10. ,theyexchangeideasandfeelingswitheachother,throughwhichtheyprobablyacquiremoreknowledge.（重庆高考书面表达）11.,youmusttakenoticeofthehandwriting.（四川高考书面表达）12. ,theimagecouldimplythatreadinghasthefunctionofnurturingspiritualityandpurifyingmind.（上海高考书面表达）13. ,somedrivers,cyclistsandpedestriansdonotthinkitvitaltoobeytrafficrules.（江苏高考书面表达）14.Iwouldreallyliketointerviewhim heis thefirstChinesetogotospaceoneofthegreatestastronautsintheWorld.（安徽高考书面表达）15.（且）you（也）shouldkeepitinmindthatcomparingnoteswithyourclassmatesfrequentlyisagoodwaytoimproveyourStUdy.（四川高考书面表达）6.I'd,（然而）,perfeCtlyappreciateyourconsideringmyselectionyoufeelthatchoiceandreasonareinlinewithyourrequirementsandbestwishesforyourreadingfestival.（上海高考书面表达）.theanswerseemedalittlestrange,nobody（除…之夕卜）Idoubtedit.（湖北高考书面表达）.Theboy,beingpoor,couldn’taffordevenacandle, h