2018年12月英语六级考试真题：A卷VIP

2018年12月英语六级考试真题：A卷————————————————————————————————————————PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonhowtobalanceworkandleisure.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversationsAttheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Itcanbenefitprofessionalsandnon-professionalsalike.B)Itliststhevariouschallengesphysicistsareconfronting.C)Itdescribeshowsomemysteriesofphysicsweresolved.D)Itisoneofthemostfascinatingphysicsbookseverwritten.2.A)Physicists’contributiontohumanity.B)Storiesaboutsomefemalephysicists.C)Historicalevolutionofmodernphysics.D)Women’schangingattitudestophysics.3.A)Byexposingalotofmythsinphysics.B)Bydescribingherownlifeexperiences.C)Byincludinglotsoffascinatingknowledge.D)Bytellinganecdotesaboutfamousprofessors.4.A)Itavoidsdetailingabstractconceptsofphysics.B)Itcontainsalotofthought-provokingquestions.C)Itdemonstrateshowtheycanbecomephysicists.D)Itprovidesexperimentstheycandothemselves.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Heistoobusytofinishhisassignmentintime.B)Hedoesnotknowwhatkindoftopictowriteon.C)Hedoesnotunderstandtheprofessor’sinstructions.D)Hehasnoideahowtoproceedwithhisdissertation.6.A)Itistoobroad. B)Itisabitoutdated.C)Itischallenging. D)Itisinteresting.7.A)Biography.B)Nature. C)Philosophy.D)Beauty.8.A)Improvehiscumulativegrade. B)Develophisreadingability.C)Sticktothetopicassigned. D)Listtheparametersfirst.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)TheunprecedentedhightemperatureinGreenland.B)ThecollapseoficeonthenortherntipofGreenland.C)TheunusualcoldspellintheArcticareainOctober.D)TherapidchangeofArctictemperaturewithinaday.10.A)Ithascreatedatotallynewclimatepattern.B)Itwillposeaseriousthreattomanyspecies.C)Ittypicallyappearsaboutonceeverytenyears.D)Ithaspuzzledtheclimatescientistsfordecades.11.A)ExtinctionofArcticwildlife.B)IcelesssummersintheArctic.C)Emigrationofindigenouspeople.D)Betterunderstandingofecosystems.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Agoodstart.B)Adetailedplan.C)Astrongdetermination.D)Ascientificapproach.13.A)Mostpeoplegetenergizedafterasufficientrest.B)Mostpeopletendtohaveafinitesourceofenergy.C)Itisvitaltotakebreaksbetweendemandingmentaltasks.D)Itismostimportanttohaveconfidenceinone’swillpower.14.A)Theycouldkeeponworkinglonger.B)Theycoulddomorechallengingtasks.C)Theyfounditeasiertofocusonworkathand.D)Theyheldmorepositiveattitudestowardlife.15.A)Theyarepartoftheirnature.B)Theyaresubjecttochange.C)Theyarerelatedtoculture.D)Theyarebeyondcontrol.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Abouthalfofcurrentjobsmightbeautomated.B)Thejobsofdoctorsandlawyerswouldbethreatened.C)Thejobmarketisbecomingsomewhatunpredictable.D)Machinelearningwouldprovedisruptiveby2013.17.A)Theyarewidelyapplicableformassiveopenonlinecourses.B)Theyarenowbeingusedbynumeroushighschoolteachers.C)Theycouldreadasmanyas10,000essaysinasingleminute.D)Theycouldgradehigh-schoolessaysjustlikehumanteachers.18.A)Itneedsinstructionsthroughouttheprocess.B)Itdoespoorlyonfrequent,high-volumetasks.C)Ithastorelyonhugeamountsofpreviousdata.D)Itisslowwhenitcomestotrackingnovelthings.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theengineeringproblemswithsolarpower.B)Thegenerationofsteamwiththelatesttechnology.C)Theimportanceofexploringnewenergysources.D)Thetheoreticalaspectsofsustainableenergy.20.A)Drivetrainswithsolarenergy.B)Upgradethecity’strainfacilities.C)Buildanewten-kilometrerailwayline.D)Cutdownthecity’senergyconsumption.21.A)Buildathankforkeepingcalciumoxide.B)Findanewmaterialforstoringenergy.C)Recoversuper-heatedsteam.D)Collectcarbondioxidegas.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Thelackofsupervisionbyboththenationalandlocalgovernments.B)Theimpactofthecurrenteconomiccrisisathomeandabroad.C)Thepoormanagementofdaycentresandhomehelpservices.D)Thepoorrelationbetweennationalhealthandsocialcareservices.23.A)Itwasmainlyprovidedbyvoluntaryservices.B)Itmainlycaterstotheneedsoftheprivileged.C)Itcalledforasufficientnumberofvolunteers.D)Ithasdeterioratedoverthepastsixtyyears.24.A)Theirlongerlifespans.B)Fewerhomehelpersavailable.C)Theirpreferenceforprivateservices.D)Moreofthemsufferingseriousillnesses.25.A)Theyareunabletopayforhealthservices.B)Theyhavelongbeendiscriminatedagainst.C)Theyarevulnerabletoillnessesanddiseases.D)Theyhavecontributedagreatdealtosociety.PartIII ReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.JustoffthecoastofSouthernCaliforniasitsSantaCruzIsland,whereamagicalcreaturecalledtheislandfox

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.Adecadeago,thisisland’secosystemwasin

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.Wildpigsattractedgoldeneaglesfromthemainland,andthoseflying

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crashedthefoxpopulation.SotheNatureConservancylauncheda

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waragainstthepigs,completewithhelicoptersandsharpshooters.Anditworked.Today,federalagenciesarepullingtheislandfoxfromtheEndangeredSpeciesList.It’sthefastest-everrecoveryofamammal,joiningpeersliketheLouisianablackbearasglowingsuccessesinthehistoryoftheEndangeredSpeciesAct.ButtherecoveryofSantaCruzIslandisn’tjustaboutthefox.TheNatureConservancyhas

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waronamultitudeofinvasivespecieshere,fromsheeptoplantstothe

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Argentineant.“Ourphilosophywiththeislandhasalwaysbeen,‘OK,

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thethreatsandlettheislandgobacktowhatitwas,’”saysecologistChristinaBoser.Anditappearstobeworking.Nativeplantsarecomingback,andthefoxonceagainboundsaboutcarefree.ButkeepingthosefoxesfromharmwilloccupyBoserandhercolleaguesforyearstocome.Yousee,humansarestillallowedonSantaCruzIsland,andtheybringdogs.SoBoserhastovaccinateherfoxesagainstvariousdiseases.“We’reobligatedtokeepapulseonthepopulationforatleastfiveyearsafterthefoxesaredelisted,”saysBoser.Thatincludestaggingthefoxesand

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theirnumberstoensurenothinggoeswrong.Thisisthestoryofthelittlefoxthathascomeback,andthepeoplewhohave

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theirlivestoprotectingit.Thisisthestoryofwildlifeconservationintheageofmass

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. A)aggressive

I）hindersB)chaos

J)mammalC)

configuration

K)monitoringD)declared

L）predatorsE)dedicated

M）removeF)dwells

N)temptG)extinction

O）underlyingH)

fierceSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.DoParentsInvadeChildren’sPrivacyWhenTheyPostPhotosOnline?[A]WhenKatlynBurbidge’ssonwas6yearsold,hewasperformingsomeridiculoussonganddancetypicalofafirst-grader.Butaftershesnappedaphotoandstartedusingherphone,heaskedheraseriousquestion:“Areyougoingtopostthatonline?”Shelaughedandanswered,“Yes,IthinkIwill.”Whathesaidnextstoppedher.“Canyounot?”[B]That’swhenitdawnedonher:Shehadbeenpostingphotosofhimonlinewithoutaskinghispermission.“We’rebigadvocatesofbodilyautonomyandnotforcinghimtohugorkisspeopleunlesshewantsto,butitneveroccurredtomethatIshouldaskhispermissiontopostphotosofhimonline,”saysBurbidge,amomoftwoinWakefield,Massachusetts.“NowwhenIpostaphotoofhimonline,Ishowhimthephotoandgethisokay.”[C]Whenher8-month-oldis3or4yearsold,sheplanstostartaskinghiminanage-appropriateway,“Doyouwantotherpeopletoseethis?”That’spreciselytheapproachthattworesearchersadvocatedbeforearoomofpediatricians(儿科医生)lastweekattheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsmeeting,whentheydiscussedthe21stcenturychallengeof“sharenting,”anewtermforparents’onlinesharingabouttheirchildren.“Asadvocatesofchildren’srights,webelievethatchildrenshouldhaveavoiceaboutwhatinformationissharedaboutthemifpossible,”saysStaceySteinberg,alegalskillsprofessorattheUniversityofFloridaLevinCollegeofLawinGainesville.[D]Whetherit’sensuringthatyourchildisn’tbulliedoversomethingyoupost,thattheiridentityisn’tdigitally“kidnapped”,orthattheirphotosdon’tenduponahalfdozenchildpornography(色情)sites,asoneAustralianmomdiscovered,parentsandpediatriciansareincreasinglyawareoftheimportanceofprotectingchildren’sdigitalpresence.SteinbergandBaharehKeith,anassistantprofessorofpediatricsattheUniversityofFloridaCollegeofMedicine,saymostchildrenwilllikelyneverexperienceproblemsrelatedtowhattheirparentsshare,butatensionstillexistsbetweenparents’rightstosharetheirexperiencesandtheirchildren’srightstoprivacy.[E]“We’reinnowaytryingtosilenceparents’voices,”Steinbergsays.“Atthesametime,werecognizethatchildrenmighthaveaninterestinenteringadulthoodfreetocreatetheirowndigitalfootprint.”Theycitedastudypresentedearlierthisyearof249pairsofparentsandtheirchildreninwhichtwiceasmanychildrenasparentswantedrulesonwhatparentscouldshare.“Theparentssaid,‘Wedon’tneedrules—we’refine,’andthechildrensaid,‘Ourparentsneedrules,’”Keithsays.“Thechildrenwantedautonomyaboutthisissueandwereworriedabouttheirparentssharinginformationaboutthem.”[F]AlthoughtheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsoffersguidelinesrecommendingthatparentsmodelappropriatesocialmediausefortheirchildren,itdoesnotexplicitlydiscussoversharingbyparents.“Ithinkthisisaverylegitimateconcern,andIappreciatetheirdrawingourattentiontoit,”DavidHill,afatheroffive,says.Heseesaroleforpediatricianstotalkwithparentsaboutthis,butbelievesthemessagingmustextendfarbeyondpediatricians’offices.“Ilookforwardtoseeingresearchersexpandourunderstandingoftheissuesowecantranslateitintoeffectiveeducationandpolicy,”hesays.[G]There’sbeenlittleresearchonthetopic,Steinbergwroteinalawarticleaboutthisissue.Whilestatescouldpasslawsrelatedtosharinginformationaboutchildrenonline,Steinbergfeelsparentsthemselvesaregenerallybestsuitedtomakethesedecisionsfortheirfamilies.“Whilewedidn’twanttocreateanyunnecessarypanic,wedidfindsomeconcernsthatweretroublesome,andwethoughtthatparentsoratleastphysiciansshouldbeawareofthosepotentialrisks,”Steinbergsays.Theyincludephotosrepurposedforinappropriateorillegalmeans,identitytheft,embarrassment,bullyingbypeersordigitalkidnapping.[H]Butthat’sthenegativeside,withrisksthatmustbebalancedagainstthebenefitsofsharing.Steinbergpointedoutthatparentalsharingonsocialmediahelpsbuildcommunities,connectspread-outfamilies,providesupportandraiseawarenessaroundimportantsocialissuesforwhichparentsmightbetheirchildren’sonlyvoice.[I]AC.S.Mottsurveyfoundamongthe56percentofmothersand34percentoffatherswhodiscussedparentingonsocialmedia,72percentofthemsaidsharingmadethemfeellessalone,andnearlyasmanysaidsharinghelpedthemworrylessandgavethemadvicefromotherparents.Themostcommontopicstheydiscussedincludedkids’sleep,nutrition,discipline,behaviorproblemsanddaycareandpreschool.[J]“There’sthispeer-to-peernatureofhealthcarethesedayswithaprofoundopportunityforparentstolearnhelpfultips,safetyandpreventionefforts,pro-vaccinemessagesandallkindsofothermessagesfromotherparentsintheirsocialcommunities,”saysWendySueSwanson,apediatricianandexecutivedirectorofdigitalhealthatSeattleChildren’sHospital,wheresheblogsaboutherownparentingjourneytohelpotherparents.“They’regettingnurturedbypeoplethey’vealreadyselectedthattheytrust,”shesays.[K]“Howdoweweightherisks,howdowethinkaboutthebenefits,andhowdowealleviatetherisks?”shesays.“Thosearethequestionsweneedtoaskourselves,andeveryonecanhaveadifferentanswer.”[L]Someparentsfindthebestrouteforthemisnottoshareatall.BridgetO’Hanlonandherhusband,wholiveinCleveland,decidedbeforetheirdaughterwasbornthattheywouldnotpostherphotosonline.Whenafewfamilymembersdidpostpictures,O’Hanlonandherhusbandmadetheirwishesclear.“It’sbeenhardnottosharepicturesofherbecausepeoplealwayswanttoknowhowbabiesandtoddlers(学走路的孩子)aredoingandtoseepictures,butwemadethedecisiontohavesocialmediawhileshedidnot,”O’Hanlonsaid.Similarly,AlisonJamisonofNewYorkdecidedwithherhusbandthattheirchildhadarighttotheirownonlineidentity.Theydiduseaninvitation-onlyphotosharingplatformsothatfriendsandfamily,includingthosefaraway,couldseethephotos,buttheystoodfirm,simplyrefusingtoputtheirchild’sphotosonothersocialmediaplatforms.[M]“Formostfamilies,it’sajourney.Sometimesitgoeswrong,butmostofthetimeitdoesn’t,”saysSwanson,whorecommendsstartingtoaskchildrenpermissiontopostnarrativesorphotosaroundages6to8.“We’lllearnmoreandmorewhatourtoleranceis.Wecanaskourkidstohelpuslearnasasocietywhat’sokayandwhat’snot.”[N]Indeed,thatlearningprocessgoesbothways.BriaDunham,amotherinSomerville,Massachusetts,wassoexcitedtowatchamomentofbrotherlybondingwhileherfirst-graderandbabytookabathtogetherthatshesnappedafewphotos.Butwhensheconsideredpostingthemonline,shetooktheperspectiveofherson:Howwouldhefeelifhisclassmates’parentssawphotosofhimchest-upinthebathtub?“ItmademethinkabouthowI’mteachinghimtohaveownershipofhisownbodyandhowwhatissharedtodayenduresintothefuture,”Dunhamsays.“SoIkeptthepicturestomyselfandacceptedthisasonemorestepinsupportinghisincreasingautonomy.”36.Steinbergarguedparentalsharingonlinecanbebeneficial.37.Accordingtoanexpert,whenchildrenreachschoolage,theycanhelptheirparentslearnwhatcanandcannotbedone.38.Onemotherrefrainedfrompostingherson’sphotosonlinewhensheconsideredthematterfromherson’sperspective.39.Accordingtoastudy,morechildrenthanparentsthinkthereshouldberulesonparents’sharing.40.KatlynBurbidgehadneverrealizedshehadtoaskherson’sapprovaltoputhisphotosonline.41.Amotherdecidednottopostherson’sphotoonlinewhenheaskedhernotto.42.Awomanpediatriciantriestohelpotherparentsbysharingherownparentingexperience.43.Therearepeoplewhodecidesimplynottosharetheirchildren’sphotosonline.44.Parentsandphysiciansshouldrealizesharinginformationonlineaboutchildrenmayinvolverisks.45.Parentswhosharetheirparentingexperiencesmayfindthemselvesintrudingintotheirchildren’sprivacy.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Perhapsitistimeforfarmerstoputtheirfeetupnowthatrobotsareusedtoinspectcrops,digupweeds,andevenhavebecomeshepherds,too.Commercialgrowingfieldsareastronomicallyhugeandtakethousandsofman-hourstooperate.OneprimeexampleisoneofAustralia’smostisolatedcattlestations,SuplejackDownsintheNorthernTerritory,extendingacross4,000squarekilometers,takingover13hourstoreachbycarfromthenearestmajortown—AliceSprings.Theextremeisolationofthesemassivefarmsleavesthemoftenunattended,andmonitoredonlyonceortwiceayear,whichmeansifthelivestockfallsillorrequiresassistance,itcanbealongtimeforfarmerstodiscover.However,robotsarecomingtotherescue.Robotsarecurrentlyunderatwo-yeartrialinWaleswhichwilltrain“farmbots”toherd,monitorthehealthoflivestock,andmakesurethereisenoughpastureforthemtograzeon.Therobotsareequippedwithmanysensorstoidentifyconditionsoftheenvironment,cattleandfood,usingthermalandvisionsensorsthatdetectchangesinbodytemperature.“You’vealsogotcolor,textureandshapesensorslookingdownatthegroundtocheckpasturequality,”saysSalahSukkariehoftheUniversityofSydney,whowillcarryouttrialsonseveralfarmsincentralNewSouthWales.Duringthetrials,therobotalgorithms(算法)andmechanicswillbefine-tunedtomakeitbettersuitedtoailinglivestockandensureitsafelynavigatesaroundpotentialhazardsincludingtrees,mud,swamps,andhills.“Wewanttoimprovethequalityofanimalhealthandmakeiteasierforfarmerstomaintainlargelandscapeswhereanimalsroamfree,”saysSukkarieh.Therobotsarenotlimitedtoherdingandmonitoringlivestock.Theyhavebeencreatedtocountindividualfruit,inspectcrops,andevenpullweeds.Manyrobotsareequippedwithhigh-techsensorsandcomplexlearningalgorithmstoavoidinjuringhumansastheyworksidebyside.Therobotsalsolearnthemostefficientandsafestpassages,andallowengineersandfarmerstoanalyzeandbetteroptimizetheattributesandtasksoftherobot,aswellasprovidealivestreamgivingreal-timefeedbackonexactlywhatishappeningonthefarms.Ofcourse,someworryliesinreplacingagriculturalworkers.However,itisfarmersthatarepushingfortheadvancementsduetoever-increasinglaborvacancies,makingitdifficulttomaintainlarge-scaleoperations.Therobotshaveprovidedmajorbenefitstofarmersinvariousways,fromhuntingandpullingweedstomonitoringtheconditionofeverysinglefruit.Futurefarmswilllikelyexperienceagreaterdealofautonomyasrobotstakeupmoreandmorefarmworkefficiently.46.Whatmayfarmersbeabletodowithrobotsappearingonthefarmingscene?A)UpgradefarmproduceB)Enjoymoreleisurehours.C)Modifythegenesofcrops.D)Cutdownfarmingcosts.47.Whatwill“farmbots”beexpectedtodo?A)Takeupmanyofthefarmers’routines.B)Providemedicaltreatmentsforlivestock.C)Leadthetrendinfarmingtheworldover.D)Improvethequalityofpasturesforgrazing.48.Whatcanrobotsdowhenequippedwithhigh-techsensorsandcomplexlearningalgorithms?A)Helpfarmerschoosethemostefficientandsafestpassages.B)Helpfarmerssimplifytheirfarmingtasksandmanagement.C)Allowfarmerstolearninstantlywhatisoccurringonthefarm.D)Allowfarmerstogivethemreal-timeinstructionsonwhattodo.49.Whyarefarmerspressingforroboticfarming?A)Farmingcostsarefastincreasing.B)Roboticstechnologyismaturing.C)Roboticfarmingisthetrend.D)Laborshortisworsening50.Whatdoestheauthorthinkfuturefarmswillbelike?A)Moreandmoreautomated.B)Moreandmoreproductive.C)Largerandlargerinscale.D)Betterandbetterincondition.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassageThepublicmustbeabletounderstandthebasicsofsciencetomakeinformeddecisions.Perhapsthemostdramaticexampleofthenegativeconsequencesofpoorcommunicationbetweenscientistsandthepublicistheissueofclimatechange,whereavarietyoffactors,nottheleastofwhichisabreakdowninthetransmissionoffundamentalclimatedatatothegeneralpublic,hascontributedtowidespreadmistrustandmisunderstandingofscientistsandtheirresearch.Theissueofclimatechangealsoillustrateshowthepublicacceptanceandunderstandingofscience(orthelackofit)caninfluencegovernmentaldecision-makingwithregardtoregulation,sciencepolicyandresearchfunding.However,theimportanceofeffectivecommunicationwithageneralaudienceisnotlimitedtohotissueslikeclimatechange.Itisalsocriticalforsociallychargedneuroscienceissuessuchasthegeneticbasisforaparticularbehavior,thetherapeuticpotentialofstemcelltherapyforneurodegenerativediseases,ortheuseofanimalmodels,areaswherethepublicunderstandingofsciencecanalsoinfluencepolicyandfundingdecisions.Furthermore,withcontinuingadvancesinindividualgenome(基因组)sequencingandtheadventofpersonalizedmedicine,morenon-scientistswillneedtobecomfortableanalyzingcomplexscientificinformationtomakedecisionsthatdirectlyaffecttheirqualityoflife.Sciencejournalismisthemainchannelforthepopularizationofscientificinformationamongthepublic.Muchhasbeenwrittenabouthowtherelationshipbetweenscientistsandthemediacanshapetheefficienttransmissionofscientificadvancestothepublic.Goodsciencejournalistsarespecialistsinmakingcomplextopicsaccessibletoageneralaudience,whileadheringtoscientificaccuracy.Unfortunately,piecesofsciencejournalismcanalsooversimplifyandgeneralizet