真题版2016年06月六级第1套

COLLEGEENGLISH—BandSix—试题册请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡1的条形码粘贴框内，并将和准考请在答题卡1和答题卡2指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号和学校名称并用HB-2B作文题内容印在试题册背面作文题及其他题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内考试期间在非考试时间佩戴耳机大四、六级考试Part (30Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonlivinginthevirtualworld.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenpeoplespendmoreandmoretimeinthevirtualworldinsteadofinctingintherealworld.Youarerequiredtowriteatleastl50wordsbutnomorethan200words.Part Listening (25SectionDirections:Inthissection.youwillheartwolongconversations,Attheendofeachconversation,youwill,hearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.A.Projectorganizer.B.Publicrelationsofficer.C.Marketingmanager.D.Marketresearch2.A.tativeadvertisingresearch.B.Questionnairedesign.C.Researchmethodology.D.Interviewertraining.3.A.Theyareintensivestudiesofpeople'sspendingB.TheyexaminerelationsbetweenproducersandC.TheylookfornewandeffectivewaystopromoteD.Theystudytrendsorcustomersatisfactionoveralong4.A.Thelackofpromotionopportunity.B.Checkingchartsandtables.C.DesigningD.ThepersistentQuestions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA.HisviewonCanadianuniversities.B.Hisunderstandingofhighereducation.C.Hissuggestionsforimprovementsinhighereducation.D.HiscomintaboutbureaucracyinAmericanuniversities.A.ItiswellB.ItisratherC.ItvariesamongD.IthasundergonegreatA.TheUnitedStatesandCanadacanlearnfromeachB.Publicuniversitiesareoftensuperiortoprivateuniversities.C.Everyoneshouldbegivenequalaccesstohighereducation.D.Privateschoolsworkmoreefficientlythanpublicinstitutions.A.Universitysystemsvaryfromcountrytocountry.B.Efficiencyisessentialtouniversitymanagement.C.Itishardtosaywhichisbetter,apublicuniversityoraprivateD.ManyprivateuniversitiesintheU.S.areactuallylargeSectionDirections：Inthissection.youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingfetteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA.ernment'sroleinresolvinganeconomiccrisis.B.Theworseningrealwagesituationaroundtheworld.C.IndicationsofeconomicrecoveryintheUnitedStates.D.Theimpactofthecurrenteconomiccrisisonpeople'sA.Theywillfeellesspressuretoraiseemployees'B.TheywillfeeltochoosethemostsuitableC.TheywillfeelinclinedtoexpandtheirbusinessD.TheywillfeelmoreconfidentincompetingwiththeirA.Employeesandcompaniescooperatetopullthroughtheeconomic ernmentandcompaniesjoinhandstocreatejobsfortheunemployed.C.Employeesworkshorterhourstoavoidlayoffs.D.TeamworkwillbeencouragedinQuestions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA.WhethermemorysupplementsB.WhetherherbalmedicineworksC.Whetherexerciseenhancesone'sD.WhetheramagicmemorypromisesA.TheyhelptheelderlymorethantheB.TheyarebeneficialinonewayorC.TheygenerallydonothavesideD.TheyarenotbasedonrealA.TheyareavailableatmostcountryB.TheyaretakeninrelativelyhighC.TheyarecollectedorgrownbyD.TheyareprescribedbytrainedA.Theyhaveoftenprovedtobeashelpful ngmentalB.TakingthemwithothermedicationsmightentailunnecessaryC.TheireffectlastsonlyashortD.ManyhavebenefitedfromSectionDirections：Inthissection.youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeyedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA.HowcatastrophicnaturaldisastersturnouttobetodeveloB.HowtheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationstudiesnaturalC.HowpowerlesshumansappeartobeinfaceofnaturalD.HowthenegativeimpactsofnaturaldisasterscanbeA.BytrainingrescueteamsforB.BytakingstepstopreparepeopleforC.Bychangingpeople'sviewsofD.ByrelocatingpeopletosaferA.HowpreventiveactioncanreducethelossofB.HowcourageousCubansareinfaceofC.HowCubanssufferfromtropicalD.HowdestructivetropicalstormscanQuestions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA.PaybacktheirloanstotheAmericanernment.B.Provideloanstothoseinseverefinancialdifficulty.C.Contributemoretothegoalofawiderrecovery.D.SpeeduptheirrecoveryfromthehousingA.SomebanksmayhavetomergewithB.ManysmallerregionalbanksaregoingtoC.ItwillbehardforbankstoprovidemoreD.Manybankswillhaveto1ayoffsomeA.Itwillworkcloselywith B.ItwillendeavortowriteoffbadC.ItwilltrytolowertheinterestD.ItwilltrytoprovidemoreA.Itwon'thelptheAmericaneconomytorumB.Itwon'tdoanygoodtothemajorcommercialC.ItwillwintheapprovaloftheObamaD.ItwillbenecessaryiftheeconomystartstoshrinkQuestions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA.BeingunabletolearnnewB.BeingratherslowtomakeC.LosingtempermoreandmoreD.LosingtheabilitytogetonwithA.CognitivemunityC.BalancedD.FreshA.IgnoringthesignsandsymptomsofB.Adoptinganoptimisticattitudetowardslife.C.Endeavoringtogiveupunhealthylifestyles.D.Seekingadvicefromdoctorsfromtimetotime.Part Reading (40SectionDirections:Inthissection.thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.EachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletterPleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingPursuingacareerisanessentialpartofadolescentdevelopment.“The esanadultwhen26arealjob.”TocognitiveresearcherslikePiaget,adulthoodmeantthebeginningofan27Piagetarguedthatonceadolescentsentertheworldofwork,theirnewlyacquiredabilitytoformhypothesesallowsthemtocreaterepresentationsthataretooideal.The28ofsuchideals.withoutthetemperingoftherealityofajoborprofession,rapidlyleadsadolescentsto e29ofthenon.idealisticworldandtopressforreforminacharacteristicallyadolescentway.Piagetsaid：“Trueadaptationtosocietycomes30whentheadolescentreformerattemptstoputhisideastowork.”Ofcourse,youthfulidealismisoftencourageous,andnoonelikestogiveupdreams.Perhaps,taken31outofcontext,Piaget’sstatementseemsharsh.Whathewas32,however,isthewayrealitycanmodifyidealisticviews.Somepeoplerefertosuchmodificationasmaturity.Piagetarguedthatattainingandacceptingavocationisoneofthebestwaystomodifyidealizedviewsandtomature.Ascareersandvocations elessavailableduringtimesof33,adolescentsmaybeespeciallyhardhit.Suchdifficulteconomictimesmayleavemanyadolescents34abouttheirrolesinsociety.Forthisreason,communityinterventionsandernmentjobprogramsthatoffersummerandvacationworkarenotonlyeconomically35butalsohelptostimulatetheadolescent’ssenseofworth.

I.SectionDirections：Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedton.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Cansocietiesberichand“Ifoureconomiesaretoflourish,ifglobalpovertyistobeeliminatedandifthewell-beingoftheworld’speopleenhanced～notjustinthisgenerationbutinsucceedinggenerations—wemustmakesurewetakecareofthenaturalenvironmentandresourcesonwhichoureconomicactivitydepends.”thatstatementcomesnot,asyoumightimagine,fromastereotypicaltree—hugging.Save-the-world-greenie(环保主义者),butfromGordonBrown,apoliticianwithareputationforrigourthoroughnessandaboveall,caution.Asurprisingthingforthemanwhorunsoneoftheworld’smostpowerfuleconomiestosay?Perhaps：thoughintherun-uptothefive—yearreviewoftheMillennium(千年的)Goals,heisfarfromalone.Therootsofhisspeech,giveninMarchattheroundtablemeetingofenvironmentandenergyministersfromtheG209roupofnations,stretchbackto1972,andtheUnitedNationsConferenceontheHumanEnvironmentinStockholm.“Theprotectionandimprovementofthehumanenvironmentisamajorissuewhichaffectsthewell-beingofpeoplesandeconomicdevelopmentthroughouttheworld,”readthefinaldeclarationfromthisgathering,thefirstofasequencewhichwouldleadtotheRiodeJaneiroEarthSummitin1992andtheWorldDevelopmentSummitinJohannesburgthreeyearsago.HuntthroughthereportspreparedbyUNagenciesanddevelopmentgroups—manyforconferencessuchasthisyear’sMillenniumGoalsreview—andyouwillfindthatthelinkagebetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicprogressisacommonthread.Managingecosystemssustainablyismoreprofitablethanexploitingthem,accordingtotheMillenniumEcosystemAssessment.Butfindinghardevidencetosupportthethesisisnotsoeasy.Thoughtsturnfirsttosomesortofglobalstatistic,someindicatorwhichwouldratethewealthofnationsinbotheconomicandenvironmentaltermsandshowarelationshipbetweenthetwo.Ifsuchanindicatorexists,itiswellhidden.Andonreflection,thisisnotsurprising；thesingleword“environment”hassomanydimensions.andtherearesomanyotherfactorsaffectingwealth—suchastheoildeposits—thatteasingoutasimpleeconomy-environmentrelationshipwouldbealmostimpossible.TheMillenniumEcosystemAssessment,avastfour—yearglobalstudywhichreporteditsinitialconclusionsearlierthisyear,foundreasonstobelievethatmanagingecosystemssustainably—workingwithnatureratherthanagainstit—mightbelessprofitableintheshortterm,butcertainlybringslong-termAndtheWorldResourcesInstitute(WRI)initsWorldResources2005report,issuedattheendofAugust,producedseveralsuchexamplesfromAfricaandAsia；italsodemonstratedthatenvironmentaldegradationaffectsthepoormorethantherich,aspoorerpeoplederiveamuchhigherproportionoftheir edirectlyfromthenaturalresourcesaroundthem.Buttherearealsomanyexamplesofgrowingwealthbytrashingtheenvironment,inrichandpoorpartsoftheworldalike,whetherthroughunregulatedmineralextraction,drasticwateruseforagriculture,slash—and—bumfarming,orfossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport.Ofcourse,suchgrowthmaynotpersistinthelongterm—whichiswhatMr.BrownandtheStockholmdeclarationwerebothattemptingtopointout.PerhapsthebestexampleofboomgrowthandbustdeclineistheGrandBanksfishery.Foralmostfivecenturiesaverylargesupplyofcod(鳕鱼)providedabundantrawmaterialforanindustrywhichatitspeakemployedabout40,000people,sustainingentirecommunitiesinNewfoundland.Then,abruptly,thecodpopulationcollapsed.Therewerenolongerenoughfishintheseaforthestocktomaintainitself,letaloneanindustry.Morethanadecadelater,therewasnosignoftheecosystemrebuildingitself.Ithad,apparently,beenfishedoutofexistence；andtheoncemightyNewfoundlandfleetnowgropesaboutfranticallyforcrabontheseafloor.ThereisaviewthatmodemhumansareinevitablysowingtheseedsofaglobalGrandBanks-styledisaster.Theideaisthatwearetakingmoreoutofwhatyoumightcallthenet’senvironmentalbankbalancethanitcansustain；wearelivingbeyondourecologicalmeans.Onerecentstudyattemptedtocalculatetheextentofthis“ecologicalovershootofthehumaneconomy”,andfoundthatweareusing1.2Earth’s—worthofenvironmentalgoodsandservices—theimplicationbeingthatatsomepointthedebtwillbecalledin.andallthoseservices—thethingswhichthenetdoesforusfor—willgrindtoahalt.Whetherthisisright,andifsowhereandwhentheecologicalaxewillfall,ishardtodeterminewithanyprecision—whichiswhyernmentsandfinancialinstitutionsareonlybeginningtobringsuchrisksintotheireconomiccalculations.Itisalsothereasonwhydevelopmentagenciesarenotunitedintheirviewofenvironmentalissues；whilesome,liketheWRI,maintainthatenvironmentalprogressneedstogohand-in-handwitheconomicdevelopment,othersarguethatthepriorityistobuildathrivingeconomy,andthenusethewealthcreatedtotackleenvironmentaldegradation.Thisviewassumesthatrichsocietieswillinvestinenvironmentalcare.Butisthisright?Dothingsgetbetterorworseaswegetricher?HeretheStockholmdeclarationisambiguous.“Inthedevelocountries,”itsays,“mostoftheenvironmentalproblemsarecausedbyunder—development.”Soitissayingthateconomicdevelopmentshouldmakeforacleanerworld?Notnecessarily；“Intheindustrialisedcountries,environmentalproblemsaregenerallyrelatedtoindustrialisationandtechnologicaldevelopment,”itcontinues.Inotherwords,poorandrichbothover-exploitthenaturalworld,butfordifferentreasons.It’ssimplynottruethateconomicgrowthwillsurelymakeourworldcleaner.Clearly,richersocietiesareabletoprovideenvironmentalimprovementswhichliewellbeyondthereachofpoorercommunities.Citizensofwealthynationsdemandnationalparks,cleanrivers,cleanairandpoison-food.Theyalso,however,usefarmorenaturalresources—fuel,water(allthosebathsandgolfcourses)andbuildingmaterials.[N]Acasecanbemadethatrichnationsexportenvironmentalproblems,themostgraphicexamplebeingclimatechange.Asacountry’swealthgrows,sodoitsgreenhousegasemissions.Thefiguresavailablewillnotbecompleyaccurate.Measuringemissionsisnotaprecisescience,particularlywhenitcomestoissuessurroundinglanduse；notallnationshavereleasedup-to-datedata,andinanycase,emissionsfromsomesectorssuchasaviationarenotincludedinnationalstatistics.Butthedataisexactenoughforacleartrendtobeeasilydiscernible.Ascountries ericher,theyproducemoregreenhousegases；andtheimpactofthosegaseswillfallprimarilyinpoorpartsoftheworld.[O]Wealthisnot,ofcourse,theonlyfactorinvolved.TheaverageNorwegianisbetteroffthantheaverageUScitizen,butcontributesabouthalfasmuchtoclimatechange.ButcouldNorwaykeepitsstandardoflivingandyetcutitsemissionstoMoroccanorevenEthiopianlevels?Thatquestion,repeatedacrossadozenenvironmentalissuesandacrossourdiversenet,iswhatwillultimaydeterminewhetherthehumanraceislivingbeyonditsecologicalmeansasitpursueseconomicrevival.ExamplesshowthatbothrichandpoorcountriesexploitedtheenvironmentforeconomicEnvironmentalprotectionandimprovementbenefitpeopleallovertheItisnotnecessarilytruethateconomicgrowthwillmakeourworldThecommonthemeoftheUNreportsistherelationbetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicDevelopmentagenciesdisagreeregardinghowtotackleenvironmentissueswhileensuringeconomicItisdifficulttofindsolidevidencetoproveenvironmentalfriendlinessgeneratesmoreprofitsthanexploitingthenaturalenvironment.SustainablemanagementofecosystemswillproverewardinginthelongApoliticiannotedforbeingcautiousassertsthatsustainablehumandevelopmentdependsonthenaturalPoorcountrieswillhavetobearthecostforrichnations’economicOnerecentstudywarnsusofthedangeroftheexhaustionofnaturalresourcesonSectionDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements。Foreachofthemthereare。fourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingInctiveevisionadvertising,whichallowsviewerstousetheirremotecontrolstoclickonadvertisements,hasbeenpushedforyears.Nearlyadecadeagoitwaspredictedthatviewersof“Friends”,apopularsituationcomedy,wouldsoonbeabletopurchaseasweaterlikeJenniferAniston’swithafewtapsontheirremotecontrol.“It’sbeentheyearofinctiveevisionadvertisingforthelasttenortwelveyears,”saysColinDixonofadigital—mediaconsultancy.SothenewsthatCablevision,anAmericancable,wasrollingoutinctiveadvertisementstoallitscustomersonOctober6thwasgreetedwithsomeskepticism.Duringcommercials.anoverlaywillappearatthebottomofthescreen,promptingviewerstopressabuttontorequestasampleororderacatalogue.Cablevisionhopestoallowcustomerstobuythingswiththeirremotecontrolsearlynextyear.evisionadvertisingcoulddowithaboost.Spendingfellby10％inthefirsthalfoftheyear.Thepopularizationofdigitalrecordershascausedadvertiserstoworrythattheircommercialswillbeskipped.SomeareturningtotheInternet,whichischeaperandoffersconcretemeasurementslikeclick—throughrates-especiallyimportantatatimewhenmarketingbudgetsaretight.Withthelaunchofinctiveadvertising,“manyofthedollarsthatwenttotheInternetwillcomebacktotheTV,”saysDavidKlineofCablevision.Orsotheindustryhopes.Intheory,inctiveadvertisingcanengageviewersinawaythat30。secondspotsdonotUnileverrecentlyrananinctivenforitsAxedrant(除臭剂),whichkeptviewersengagedformorethanthreeminutesonaverage.TheamountspentoninctiveadvertisingonevisionisstillsmallMagna,anadvertisingagency,reckonsitwillbeworthabout$138millionthisyear.Thatfallsfarshortofthebillionsofdollarspeopleonceexpectedittogenerate.But castandTimeWarnerCablehaveallinvestedinit.Aneweffort1edbvCanoeVentures,acoalitionofleadingcableproviders,aimstomakeinctiveadvertisingavailableacrossAmericalaterthisyear.BrightLineiTV,whichdesignsandsellsinctiveads,say8interesthassurged：itexpectsitsrevenuesalmosttotriplethisyear.BSkyB,Britain’sbiggestsalite-evisionservice,alreadyprovides9millioncustomerswithinctiveads.Yettherearedoubtswhetherpeoplewatchingevision,a“leanback”medium,craveinction.Click-thoughrateshavebeenhighsofar(around3-4％,comparedwithlessthan0.3％online),butthatmaybearesultofthe ctiveadsandviewersmightnotgowellWhatdoesColinDixonmeanbysaying“It'sbeentheyearofin evisionadvertisingforthelasttenortwelveyears”(Line4,Para.1)? ctiveevisionadvertising epopularin10-12 evisionadvertisinghasbeenunderdebateforthelastdecadeor evisionadvertisingissuccessfulwhenincorporatedintosituation ctiveevisionadvertisinghasnotachievedtheanticipatedWhatisthepublic’sresponsetoCablevision’snned ctiveTVadvertisingPrettySomewhatRatherWhatistheimpactofthewideuseof recordersonTVIthasmadeTVadvertisingeasilyaccessibletoIthelpsadvertiserstomeasuretheclick-throughIthascedTVadvertisingatagreatItenablesviewerstocheckthesalesitemswithWhatdowelearnaboutUnilever’s ctiveItprovestheadvantageofTVIthasdonewellinengagingtheIthelpsattractinvestmentsintheIthasboostedtheTVadvertisingHowdoestheauthorviewthehithertohighclick—throughTheymaybeduetothenovelwayofTheysignifythepopularityof ctiveTheypointtothegrowingcuriosityofTVTheyindicatethefuturedirectionofmediaPassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingWhatcanbedoneaboutmassunemployment?Allthewiseheadsagree：there’renoquickoreasyanswers.There,sworktobedone,butworkersaren’treadytodoit—they’reinthewrongces,ortheyhavethewrongskills.Ourproblemsare“structural,”andwilltakemanyyearstosolve.Butdon'tbotheraskingforevidencethatjustifiesthisbleakview.Thereisn’tany.Onthecontrary,allthefactssuggestthathighunemploymentinAmericaistheresultofinadequatedemand.Sayingthatthere’renoeasyanswerssoundswise,butit'sactuallyfoolish:ourunemploymentcrisiscouldbecuredveryquicklyifwehadtheinlectualclarityandpoliticalwilltoact.Inotherwords,structuralunemploymentisafakeproblem,whichmainlyservesasanexcusefornotpursuingrealsolutions.Thefactisjobopeningshaveplungedineverymajorsector,whilethenumberofworkersintopart—timeemploymentinalmostallindustrieshassoared.Unemploymenthassurgedineverymajoroccupationalcategory.Onlythreestates,withacombinedpopulationnotmuchlargerthanthatofBrooklyn,haveunemploymentratesbelow5％.Sotheevidencecontradictstheclaimthatwe’remainlysufferingfromstructuralunemployment.Why,then,hasthisclaim esopopular?Partoftheansweristhatthisiswhatalwayshappensduringperiodsofhighunemployment—inpartbecauseexp