重庆市乌江新高考协作体2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题（解析版）

2022-2023学年(下)期末学业质量联合调研抽测高二英语试题(分数：120分，时间：100分钟)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ADonnaStricklandwasawardedthe2018NobelPrizeforphysicsjointlywithArthurAshkinandGérardMourou.It’sthefirsttimein55yearsthatawomanhaswonthisfamousprize,butwhyhasittakensolong?Welookatfiveotherpioneeringfemalephysicists—pastandpresent—whoactuallydeservetheprize.JocelynBellBurnellPerhapsthemostfamoussnub(冷落):then-studentBelldiscoveredthefirstradiopulsarsin1967,whenshewasaPhDstudentatCambridge.TheNobelPrizethatrecognisedthislandmarkdiscoveryin1974,however,wenttohermalesupervisor,AntonyHewish.Recentlyawardeda￡2.3millionBreakthroughPrize,whichshegaveawaytohelpunder-representedstudents,shejokedtotheGuardian,“IfeelI’vedoneverywelloutofnotgettingaNobelPrize.”LeneHauHauisbestknownforleadingtheresearchteamatHarvardUniversityin1999thatmanagedtoslowabeamoflight,beforemanagingtostopitcompletelyin2001.OftentoppingNobelPrizepredictionlists,could2022beHau’syear?VeraRubinRubindiscovereddarkmatterinthe1980s,openingupanewfieldofastronomy.Shediedin2016,withoutrecognitionfromthecommittee.Chien-ShiungWuWu’s“Wuexperiment”helpeddisprovethe“lawofconservationofparity”.Herexperimentalworkwashelpfulbutneverhonoured,andinstead,hermalecolleagueswonthe1957NobelPrizefortheirtheoreticalworkbehindthestudy.LiseMeitnerMeitnerledgroundbreaking(开创性的)workonthediscoveryofnuclearfission.However,thediscoverywasacknowledgedbythe1944NobelPrizeforchemistry,whichwaswonbyhermaleco-lead,OttoHahn.1.WhenwasthediscoveryofradiopulsarsrecognisedbytheNobel?A.In1944. B.In1967.C.In1974. D.In1980.2.WhichwomanismostlikelytowinaNobelPrizelateraccordingtothetext?A.LeneHau.B.VeraRubin.C.DonnaStrickland.D.JocelynBellBurnell.3.Whatdoweknowaboutthefivefemales?A.Thefivefemalescientistsdidgreatlyinchemistry.B.VeraRubinhadopenedupanewfieldingeometry.C.LiseMeitner’steacherwonaNoblePrizeforherwork.DAlltheirfindingshaven’tbeenrecognisedbytheNobel.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章从50年来第一位获诺贝尔物理学奖的女性谈起，介绍了另外五位原本有资格获得这个奖项的女科学家。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据JocelynBellBurnell中的“then-studentBelldiscoveredthefirstradiopulsarsin1967,whenshewasaPhDstudentatCambridge.TheNobelPrizethatrecognisedthislandmarkdiscoveryin1974(当时还是学生的贝尔在1967年发现了第一颗射电脉冲星，当时她还是剑桥大学的博士生。1974年的诺贝尔奖认可了这一具有里程碑意义的发现)”可知，第一个radiopulsars在1967年被发现，被授予诺贝尔奖是在1974年。故选C项。

2.细节理解题。根据LeneHau中的“OftentoppingNobelPrizepredictionlists(常常荣登诺贝尔奖预言榜榜首)”可知，LeneHau经常被列于诺贝尔奖预测名单上榜首，她最有可能获诺贝尔奖。故选A项。3.细节理解题。根据第一段总述中的“It’sthefirsttimein55yearsthatawomanhaswonthisfamousprize,butwhyhasittakensolong?Welookatfiveotherpioneeringfemalephysicists—pastandpresent—whoactuallydeservetheprize.(这是55年来第一次有女性获得这个著名的奖项，但为什么花了这么长时间？我们来看看其他五位女性物理学家，无论是过去的还是现在的，她们实际上都配得上这个奖项。)”可知DonnaStrickland是50年来第一位获诺贝尔物理学奖的女性，而文中介绍的5位女科学家都应该获得诺贝尔物理学奖，但由于各种原因未能获奖。故选D项。BIfhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars,wewouldgoindarknesshappily,themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal(夜间活动的)speciesonthisplanet.Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun’slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact,eventhoughmostofusdon’tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit’stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe’vedonetothenight:We’veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.Thebenefitsofthiskindofengineeringcomewithconsequences--calledlightpollution--whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign,whichallowsartificiallighttoshineoutwardandupwardintothesky.Ill-designedlightingwashesoutthedarknessofnightandcompletelychangesthelightlevels--andlightrhythms--towhichmanyformsoflife,includingourselves,haveadapted.Whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld,someaspectoflifeisaffected.Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstars,leavingbehindavacanthaze(霾)thatmirrorsourfearofthedark.We’vegrownsousedtothisorangehazethattheoriginalgloryofanunlitnight--darkenoughfortheplanetVenustothrowshadowsonEarth--iswhollybeyondourexperience,beyondmemoryalmost.We’velitupthenightasifitwereanunoccupiedcountry,whennothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Amongmammalsalone,thenumberofnocturnalspeciesisastonishing.Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,andonmanyspeciesitactsasamagnet(磁铁).Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing“captured”bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms.Migratingatnight,birdstendtocollidewithbrightlylittallbuildings.Frogslivingnearbrightlylithighwayssuffernocturnallightlevelsthatareasmuchasamilliontimesbrighterthannormal,throwingnearlyeveryaspectoftheirbehavioroutofjoint,includingtheirnighttimebreedingchoruses.Humansarenolesstrappedbylightpollutionthanthefrogs.Likemostothercreatures,wedoneeddarkness.Darknessisasessentialtoourbiologicalwelfare,toourinternalclockwork,aslightitself.Livinginaglareofourownmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage-thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing,whichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay--theedgeofourgalaxy--archingoverhead.4.Accordingtothepassage,humanbeings________.A.prefertoliveinthedarknessB.areusedtolivinginthedaylightC.werecuriousaboutthemidnightworldD.hadtostayathomewiththelightofthemoon5.Thewritermentionsbirdsandfrogsto________.A.provideexamplesofanimalprotectionBshowhowlightpollutionaffectsanimalsC.comparethelivinghabitsofbothspeciesD.explainwhythenumberofcertainspecieshasdeclined6.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat________.A.lightpollutiondoesharmtotheeyesightofanimalsB.lightpollutionhasdestroyedsomeoftheworldheritagesC.humanbeingscannotgototheouterspaceD.humanbeingsshouldreflectontheirpositionintheuniverse7Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMagicLight B.TheOrangeHazeC.TheDisappearingNight D.TheRhythmsofNature【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，讲述了人类热衷于用人造光源将夜空照亮。由此引发的光污染对于动物和人类造成严重影响，呼吁我们反思自己的行为。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun'slight.(而相反，我们人类属于昼间活动的动物，眼睛适应了太阳的光线)”可知，人类习惯生活在白昼时阳光照射下的环境。故选B项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thebenefitsofthiskindofengineeringcomewithconsequences(这项工程带来好处的同时也带来了坏处)”和“Whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld，someaspectoflifeisaffected(无论人造光源投射到哪里，自然界某些生物的生活都会受到一些影响)”推知，提到鸟和青蛙是为了表明光污染是如何影响动物的。故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Livinginaglareofourownmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage-thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.Inaveryrealsenselightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse，toforgetthescaleofourbeing,（生活在一个刺眼的世界，我们已经远离了进化和文化遗产：遥远的星光和昼夜交替闪耀的光。在一个非常真实的意义上，光污染使我们在宇宙中失去真我）”可知，作者认为光污染使得人类迷失了自我，这背离了人类在苍茫宇宙的存在意义。由此推知，人类应当对此进行深刻的检讨和反思。故选D项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“We’veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.(我们设法将夜空用人造光源照亮)”和第二段“Whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld，someaspectoflifeisaffected(无论人造光源投射到哪里，自然界某些生物的生活都会受到一些影响)”和最后一段“Livinginaglareofourownmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage-thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.（生活在一个刺眼的世界，我们已经远离了进化和文化遗产：遥远的星光和昼夜交替闪耀的光）”可知，本文主要介绍人类用耀眼的人造光源将夜空点亮，给自然环境中的动物和人类自身带来了诸多的问题，呼吁人们顺应天道，按照自然规律，还原一个“黑暗沉静”的夜晚。故“正在消失的夜空”可以作为本文标题。故选C项。CInthisdigitalage,peoplemeasuretheirpopularitybythenumberof“likes”andfollowerstheygetonsocialmedia.Butasitturnsout,peoplearehappierwhentheirfriendsareofhighqualityratherthanhugequantity.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofLeedsintheUKstudieddatafromtwoonlinesurveysofnearly1,500people.Thosewhotookthesurveygavedetailsabouttheirage,socialinteractions,andhowsatisfiedtheywerewiththeirsociallives.Theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadasmallnumberofclosefriendsgenerallytendedtobehappierthanthosewhohadalargenumberofsuperficial(关系浅表的)friends.“Lonelinesshaslesstodowiththenumberoffriendsyouhave,andmoretodowithhowyoufeelaboutyourfriends,”saidBruinedeBruin,oneoftheresearchers.Hefoundthatolderpeopletendedtohavesmallersocialcirclesthanyoungpeople,butthepeopleinthesecirclestendedtobeclosertothem.Healsofoundthatyoungerpeopletendedtohavelargersocialcirclesthatweremadeupof“peripheral(次要的)others”—peoplewhoarenottheirtruefriends,butjusttheonestheyknow.Thesepeoplehadnoinfluenceontheirhappiness.Theresultsofthestudyshowthattheopinionsocietyhasaboutoldpeoplebeingsadandlonelymightnotbeaccurate.“Theresearchshowsthatolderadults’smallernetworksdon’tdecreasetheirsocialsatisfactionandhappiness.Infact,olderadultstendtoreportabettersenseofwell-beingthanyoungeradults,”saidBruinedeBruin.8.Accordingtothestudy,peopletendtobehappierwhenthey______.A.havefriendsofhugequantity B.haveasmallcircleofclosefriendsC.havealotoffollowersonsocialmedia D.makefriendswitholderpeople9.Whatdoweknowfromparagraph4?A.Olderpeople’sfriendsseemtobeofhigherquality.B.Youngerpeopledon’tneedtomakeperipheralfriends.C.Olderpeople’shappinesshasnothingtodowiththeirfriends.D.Botholderandyoungerpeoplefindithardtomakeclosefriends.10.WhichwordmightBruinedeBruinusetodescribeolderadults?A.Sad. B.Happy. C.Lonely. D.Concerned11.Whatisthefocusofthisarticle?A.Differenttypesoffriendsinone’slife.B.Changesinpeople’shappinesslevels.C.Interactionsbetweenolderandyoungerpeople.D.Therelationshipbetweenhappinessandthequalityandquantityoffriends.【答案】8.B9.A10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们在拥有的朋友质量高而不是数量多时更快乐。研究发现有着少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有着大量肤浅朋友的人更快乐，而且孤独与朋友数量关系不大，与和朋友相处的感觉关系较大。但对于老年人来说，他们的幸福感和对孤独的看法却不太受社交圈大小的影响。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段第三句提到“Theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadasmallnumberofclosefriendsgenerallytendedtobehappierthanthosewhohadalargenumberofsuperficial（关系浅表的）friends.（研究人员发现，那些有少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有着大量肤浅朋友的人更快乐。）”可知，那些有少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有许多关系浅薄的朋友的人更快乐。故选B项。2.推理判断题。根据第四段“Hefoundthatolderpeopletendedtohavesmallersocialcirclesthanyoungpeople,butthepeopleinthesecirclestendedtobeclosertothem.Healsofoundthatyoungerpeopletendedtohavelargersocialcirclesthatweremadeupof“peripheral(次要的)others”—peoplewhoarenottheirtruefriends,butjusttheonestheyknow.Thesepeoplehadnoinfluenceontheirhappiness.（他发现，老年人的社交圈往往比年轻人小，但社交圈里的人往往与他们更亲近。他还发现，年轻人往往有更大的社交圈，这些社交圈由“外围人”组成——这些人不是他们真正的朋友，只是他们认识的人。这些人对他们的幸福没有影响。）可知，研究发现，尽管较年长的人的社交圈比年轻人小，但圈子里的人往往和他们之间的关系更亲密。由此可知，较年长的人的朋友质量更高。故选A项。3.细节理解题。根据最后一段BruinedeBruin的话中的“Infact,olderadultstendtoreportabettersenseofwell-beingthanyoungeradults（事实上，老年人往往比年轻人更幸福。）”可知，她认为较年长的人往往比年轻人的幸福感更强。故选B项。4.主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Butasitturnsout,peoplearehappiestwhentheirfriendsarehighquality-nothighquantity.（但事实证明，人们最快乐的时候是他们的朋友质量高，而不是数量多）”可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于人的幸福感与其朋友数量和质量的关系的研究。研究发现，影响一个人幸福感的并非是其拥有朋友的数量，而是其朋友的质量。故选D项。DFromcomposer,musician,andphilanthropist(慈善家)PeterBuffettcomes,awarm,wise,andinspirational,bookthatasks,“Whichwinyouchoose:thepathofleastresistanceorthepathofpotentiallygreatestsailsfaction?”Youmaythinkthatwithalastnamelikehis,Buffetthasenjoyedalifeofendlessprivilege.ButthesonofbillionaireinvestorWarrenBuffettsaysthattheonlyrealinheritancehandeddownfromhisparentsisaphilosophy:Buildyourownpathinlife.Itisaprinciplethathasallowedhimtofollowhisownpassions,establishhisownidentity,andreaphisownsuccesses.InLifeIsWhatYouMakeIt.Buffettexpoundson(阐释)thestrongsetofvaluesgiventohimbyhistrustingandbroadmindedmother,hishardworkingandtalentedfather,andthemanylifeteachershehasmetalongtheway.Today’ssociety,Buffettassumes,hasbeguntoreplaceaworkethic,enjoyingwhatyoudo,withawealthethic,honoringthepayoffinsteadoftheprocess.Weconfuseprivilegewithmaterialwealth,characterwithexternalvalidation(认可).Yet,byfocusingmoreonsubstanceandlessonreward,wecanopendoorsofopportunityandstrivetowardagreatersenseoffulfillment.Inclearandbriefterms,Buffettrevealsagreattruth:Lifeisrandom,neitherfairnorunfair.Fromthereitbecomeseasytorecognizetheequaldignityandvalueofeveryhumanlifeourcircumstancesmayvarybutouressencedoesnot.Weseethatourjourneyinliferarelyfollowsastraightlinebutisoftenmetwithfalsestarts,crises,andmistakes.HowwepushthroughandpersevereinthesechallengingmomentsiswherewebegintocreatethelifeOfourdreams—fromdiscoveringourvocationstogivingbacktoothers.Personalandinstructive,LifeIsWhatYouMakeItisaboutchallengingyourcircumstances,takingcontrolofyourdestiny,andlivingyourlifetothefullest.12.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Todescribeafamousperson.B.Tointroduceabook.C.Totalkaboutwhatlifeisabout.D.Todiscusshowtoliveameaningfullife.13.WhatcanweinferaboutPeterBuffett?A.Hisfatherisveryrich.B.Oneofhishobbiesismusic.C.Heachievedsuccessbyhimself.D.HewrotethebookLifeIsWhatYouMakeIt.14.Whatistoday’ssocietylikeaccordingtoPeterBuffett?A.Peoplearefollowingtheirinterests.B.Peopleareseekingspiritualenjoyment.C.Peoplepaymoreattentiontotheprocess.D.Peoplefocusmoreontheresults.15.Whichproverbcanbestexpressthemainideaofthefifthparagraph?A.Livingwithoutan,aimislikesailingwithoutacompass.B.Lifeisfullofupsanddowns.C.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.D.Lifeisn’taboutgettingandhaving,it’saboutgivingandbeing.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。沃伦·巴菲特之子彼得·巴菲特通过自己的生活经历探索人生的意义：打造自己的人生道路。这一人生哲学在他的著作《生活由你打造》中有着深刻的体现。【详解】1.推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是第三段“InLifeIsWhatYouMakeIt,Buffettexpoundson(阐释)thestrongsetofvaluesgiventohimbyhistrustingandbroadmindedmother,hishardworkingandtalentedfather,andthemanylifeteachershehasmetalongtheway.(生活是你自己创造的。巴菲特详细阐述了他信任他人、心胸开阔的母亲、勤奋而有才华的父亲，以及他一路走来遇到的许多人生导师给他带来的强大价值观。)”和最后一段的内容“Personalandinstructive,LifeIsWhatYouMakeItisaboutchallengingyourcircumstances,takingcontrolofyourdestiny,andlivingyourlifetothefullest.(《生活是你创造的》是一本个人的、有教育意义的书，它是关于挑战你的环境，控制你的命运，充实地过你的生活。)”可知，本文旨在介绍彼得·巴菲特的一本名为LifeIsWhatYouMakeIt的书，故选B项。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“ButthesonofbillionaireinvestorWarrenBuffettsaysthattheonlyrealinheritancehandeddownfromhisparentsisaphilosophy:Buildyourownpathinlife.(但亿万富翁投资者沃伦·巴菲特的儿子说，他从父母那里继承的唯一真正的遗产是一种哲学:开辟自己的人生道路。)”可推知，彼得·巴菲特通过自己打造人生道路获得了成功，而不是利用他父亲的帮助，故选C项。3.细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Today’ssociety,Buffettassumes,hasbeguntoreplaceaworkethic,enjoyingwhatyoudo,withawealthethic,honoringthepayoffinsteadoftheprocess.(巴菲特认为，今天的社会已经开始用财富伦理取代职业道德，即享受你所做的一切，尊重回报而不是过程。)”可知，彼得·巴菲特认为，今天的社会已经开始用财富伦理取代工作伦理，人们只关注结果而忽视过程，故选D项。4.主旨大意题。根据该段第二句“Fromthereitbecomeseasytorecognizetheequaldignityandvalueofeveryhumanlifeourcircumstancesmayvarybutouressencedoesnot.Weseethatourjourneyinliferarelyfollowsastraightlinebutisoftenmetwithfalsestarts,crises,andmistakes.HowwepushthroughandpersevereinthesechallengingmomentsiswherewebegintocreatethelifeOfourdreams—fromdiscoveringourvocationstogivingbacktoothers.(从这一点出发，我们很容易认识到每个人生命的平等尊严和价值——我们的环境可能会有所不同，但我们的本质是不变的。我们看到，我们的人生旅程很少是一条直线，而是经常遇到错误的开始、危机和错误。我们如何在这些充满挑战的时刻坚持下去，我们就开始创造我们梦想的生活——从发现我们的职业到回馈他人。)”可知，我们的人生之旅很少遵循一条直线，但常会遇到错误的开始、危机和错误，结合本段内容可推断，该段主要说明了人生起伏无常，故选B项。第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheUpsidetoBeingOutsideResearchshowsthatbeinginnaturemakespeoplefeelgood,whetherthey’reroughingitinthewildernessfordaysorjusthangingoutatalocalparkforawhile.OnestudywasconductedinthecityofBirmingham,Alabama.Researchersfoundthatmostparticipants’moodandwell-beingimprovedsignificantlywhentheyspenttimeinurbanparks,eventhoughtheaveragevisitwasonlyaroundhalfanhour.____16____Forexample,scientistsintheUnitedKingdomstudiedtheimpactofthe“30DaysWild”campaign.Itchallengedpeopletointeractwithnaturefor30daysbyenjoyingearthyactivitieslikefeedingbirdsandplantingflowers.Participantsweremeasurablyhappierandhealthierthroughoutthechallenge…andformonthsafterwards,too.____17____Howdoesnatureboostpeople’shappiness?Scientistssaythatspendingtimeinnaturalsettingsreducesstressandanxiety,whichbenefitsmentalandphysicalhealth.Researchshowsourbrainsaremorerelaxedinnaturalsettings.Tomostpeople,it’snotnewsthatnaturecanbecalming.Butmultiplestudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturealsohassomemoresurprisingbenefits,likeimprovingcreativityandproblem-solving._____18_____Anotherfoundthatexposuretonaturehelpedpeoplescorebetterontests.That’smoreproofthatgoingoutsideisasmartmove!Whataccountsfortheconnectionwithcognitionandcreativity?Itcouldbethatagooddoseofnatureactsasacuretoinformationoverload.Everydaylifeinvolvesalotofmultitasking.Somescientiststheorizethatspendingtimeinnatureenablesourbrainstorestandrecoverfrommentaltiredness.____19____Naturally,scientificstudiesdon’tcovereverythingthat’sgreataboutthegreatoutdoors._____20_____Fromrecreationandexercisetohappinessandcreativity,therearelotsofupsidestogettingoutside.A.Onestudyrevealedthatpeoplewerebetteratfiguringoutpuzzlesafterafour-daycampingtrip.B.Accordingtomanyscientificstudies,there’sagoodchanceit’llmakeyouhappier,healthier,andmorecreative.C.What’smore,theliftpeoplegetfromnatureislonglasting.D.Lotsofpeopleenjoyfunactivitiesoutside,likeswimming,ridingbikes,orclimbingtrees.E.Whentheonlylightyou’veseenalldayistheglowofascreen,itmightbeagoodideatoswitchitoff.F.Thismeansthatwhetheryou’restudyingorplayingvideogames,headingoutsidetogiveyourbrainabreakmighthelpyougettothenextlevel.G.So,kickingbackinaparkisabitliketreatingyourmindtoarestfulminivacation.【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.F20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是户外活动的好处。【16题详解】根据空后的Forexample可知，空后内容是对该空的举例说明，所以该空为本段的主题句，根据空处所在段落的尾句“Participantsweremeasurablyhappierandhealthierthroughoutthechallenge…andformonthsafterwards,too.(在整个挑战过程中，参与者都更快乐、更健康……之后的几个月也是如此。)”可知，该段讲述的是在户外活动给参与者带来的快乐会持续很久，C选项“What’smore,theliftpeoplegetfromnatureislonglasting.(更重要的是，人们从大自然中获得的提升是持久的。)”表述的内容与举例说明中的内容一致，符合语境。故选C项。【17题详解】根据空前“Forexample,scientistsintheUnitedKingdomstudiedtheimpactofthe“30DaysWild”campaign.Itchallengedpeopletointeractwithnaturefor30daysbyenjoyingearthyactivitieslikefeedingbirdsandplantingflowers.Participantsweremeasurablyhappierandhealthierthroughoutthechallenge…andformonthsafterwards,too.(例如，英国科学家研究了“野外30天”运动的影响。它要求人们在30天内与大自然互动，享受像喂鸟和种花这样的朴实活动。参与者在整个挑战过程中以及之后的几个月里都明显更快乐、更健康。在整个挑战过程中，参与者都更快乐、更健康……之后的几个月也是如此。)”可知，该段讲述的是在户外活动给参与者带来快乐，G选项“So,kickingbackinaparkisabitliketreatingyourmindtoarestfulminivacation.(所以，在公园里放松一下有点像给你的大脑放个小长假。)”，是对前面的总结，符合语境。故选G项。【18题详解】根据空前“Butmultiplestudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturealsohassomemoresurprisingbenefits,likeimprovingcreativityandproblem-solving.(但多项研究发现，花时间在大自然中也有一些更令人惊讶的好处，比如提高创造力和解决问题的能力。)”中的multiplestudies以及空后句子“Anotherfoundthatexposuretonaturehelpedpeoplescorebetterontests.(另一项研究发现，接触大自然有助于人们在考试中取得更好的成绩。)”中的another可知，该空格应该是关于在户外好处的相关研究，A选项“Onestudyrevealedthatpeoplewerebetteratfiguringoutpuzzlesafterafour-daycampingtrip.(一项研究表明，人们在为期四天的露营旅行后更善于找出谜题。)”讲述的为一项关于户外好处的研究，符合语境。故选A项。【19题详解】根据空格处于尾句可知，该空应为本段的总结，根据空前“Somescientiststheorizethatspendingtimeinnatureenablesourbrainstorestandrecoverfrommentaltiredness.(一些科学家认为，花时间在大自然中可以让我们的大脑休息并从精神疲劳中恢复过来。)”可知，户外会让大脑得到休息，从精神疲劳中恢复过来，F选项“Thismeansthatwhetheryou’restudyingorplayingvideogames,headingoutsidetogiveyourbrainabreakmighthelpyougettothenextlevel.(这意味着无论你是在学习还是玩电子游戏，到外面去让你的大脑休息一下可能会帮助你达到一个新的水平。)”中的thismeans是对空前内容的解释，结合句意可知，F选项内容与空前内容吻合。故选F项。【20题详解】根据空后“Fromrecreationandexercisetohappinessandcreativity,therearelotsofupsidestogettingoutside.(从娱乐和锻炼到快乐和创造力，户外活动有很多好处。)”的recreation(娱乐)相关的户外活动为全文首次出现可以推断，此空处应提到相关内容，D选项“Lotsofpeopleenjoyfunactivitiesoutside,likeswimming,ridingbikes,orclimbingtrees.(很多人在外面享受有趣的活动，如游泳、骑自行车或爬树。)”中的funactivity以及其后的举例内容与空后内容一致。故选D项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I’macollegeprofessorteachingpeoplehowtothinkmorecreatively.Interestingly,thislifetimepassionwas____21____byacasualcontestwhenIwasachild.Atafamilypicnicforemployeesofthecompanywheremyfatherworked,theyheldacontestforthechildren-whocouldthrowaclothhandkerchiefthefarthest.Thefirst____22____,thelittleones,tookmightywind-ups(挥臂动作),butwhentheclothlefttheirhands,itopenedandflewtothegroundafew____23____infrontofthem.Thecrowdroaredwithlaughter,andbeing13,Ididn’tlikeadultslaughingatus.Itwas____24____thatusingthesametechniquewouldnotwork.SupposeI____25____arockinsidethehandkerchief?No,itwas“throwahandkerchief”,not“arockandahandkerchief”.Whentheyinspectedit,I’dbe____26____SupposeIhidarockintheclothwithouttyingit.Therockwoulddrivetheclothatleastfartherthantheothers,andwhenthey____27____,peoplemightnotnoticeasmallrocklandinginthegrass.Ihadagood____28____ofgettingawaywithit(侥幸逃脱).However,Ididn’twanttowinbycheatingbuttoshowtheadultsthata(n)____29____couldbeatothersattheirowngame.Ihadtomakethehandkerchiefflylikearock.I____30____begantyingknotafterknotuntilitwasthesizeofalargerock.Itookalongwind-upandthrewthe____31____handkerchiefwhichlanded60feetaway.Thelaughing____32____andeveryonewasdumbfounded.The____33____thenrantofetchittoexaminehowI’dcheated.”It’sjustthehandkerchief,“he____34____,holdingitupanduntyingtheknots.TheadultsapplaudedkindlyandIfeltproud.Ihadn’tbrokentherules,butIhadbrokenthe____35____ideas,whichwasthesecrettocreativethinking.21.A.awaken B.created C.enhanced D.spread22.A.students B.throwers C.runners D.tutors23.A.kilometers B.meters C.inches D.miles24.A.impossible B.essential C.unclear D.obvious25.A.tied B.cast C.hid D.drew26.A.included B.unemployed C.disqualified D.involved27.A.separated B.disappeared C.combined D.sank28.A.time B.reason C.chance D.excuse29.A.baby B.kid C.genius D.adult30.A.casually B.immediately C.secretly D.eventually31.A.arrowed B.balled C.light D.soft32.A.died B.rose C.declined D.doubled33.A.loser B.judge C.winner D.audience34.A.responded B.protested C.admitted D.announced35.A.critical B.modern C.innovative D.conventional【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.D25.A26.C27.A28.C29.B30.C31.B32.A33.B34.D35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者是一名大学教授，教人们如何更有创造性地思考。而这一激情来自作者小时候的一次偶然的比赛。文章详述了该比赛。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，这种一生的激情是在我小时候的一次偶然的比赛中被唤醒的。A.awaken唤醒；B.created创造；C.enhanced加强；D.spread传播。根据上文“I’macollegeprofessorteachingpeoplehowtothinkmorecreatively.Interestingly,thislifetimepassionwas”可知激情被唤醒，故选A。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一批投掷者是小孩子们，他们使劲挥动手臂，但当手帕离开他们的手时，它张开了，飞到了他们面前几英寸的地上。A.students学生；B.throwers投掷者；C.runners跑步者；D.tutors导师。根据上文“theyheldacontestforthechildren-whocouldthrowaclothhandkerchiefthefarthest”可知，这里指第一批投掷者是扔手帕的小孩子们，应用throwers。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一批投掷者是小孩子们，他们使劲挥动手臂，但当手帕离开他们的手时，它张开了，飞到了他们面前几英寸的地上。A.kilometers千米；B.meters米；C.inches英寸；D.miles英里。根据上文“butwhentheclothlefttheirhands,itopenedandflewtotheground”以及后文“Thecrowdroaredwithlaughter”可知，小孩子扔得并不远，飞到了他们面前几英寸的地上。故选C。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显，用同样的方法是行不通的。A.impossible不可能的；B.essential必不可少的；C.unclear不清楚的；D.obvious明显的。根据上文“Thefirst2,thelittleones,tookmightywind-ups(挥臂动作),butwhentheclothlefttheirhands,itopenedandflewtothegroundafew3infrontofthem.”可知很明显，小孩们的投掷方法是行不通的。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：假如我在手帕里绑一块石头呢?A.tied系，绑；B.tried尝试；C.hid隐藏；D.laid放。根据后文“arockinsidethehandkerchief.No,itwas“throwahandkerchief”,not“arockandahandkerchief”.”可知作者首先想到的是在手帕里绑一块石头。故选A。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们检查的时候，我就不合格了。A.included包括在内的；B.unemployed失业的；C.disqualified不合格的；D.involved参与。根据上文“No，itwas“throwahandkerchief”,not“arockandahandkerchief””可知，作者开始想的方法违规，所以检查的时候，就不合格了。故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这块石头至少会把这块布推得比其他的更远，当它们分开时，人们可能不会注意到一块小石头落在草丛里。A.separated分开；B.disappeared消失；C.combined结合；D.sank下沉。根据后文“peoplemightnotnoticeasmallrocklandinginthegrass”指手帕和石头分开，人们可能不会注意到一块小石头落在草丛里。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很有可能逃脱惩罚。A.time时间；B.reason原因；C.chance机会；D.excuse借口。结合上文“Therockwoulddrivetheclothatleastfartherthantheothers,andwhenthey7,peoplemightnotnoticeasmallrocklandinginthegrass.”可知，作者的办法很有可能赢得比赛而不被发现作弊，所以很有可能逃脱惩罚。故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我并不想通过作弊来获胜，而是想让大人们知道，一个孩子也可以在自己的游戏中打败别人。A.baby婴儿；B.kid孩子；C.genius天才；D.adult成年人。根据第二段“Thecrowdroaredwithlaughter,andbeing13,Ididn’tlikeadultslaughingatus.”可知，事情发生在作者小时候，作者想让大人们知道，一个孩子也可以在自己的游戏中打败别人。故选B。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我偷偷地开始一个接一个地打结，直到它变成一块大石头的大小。A.casually随意地；B.immediately立即；C.secretly偷偷地；D.eventually终于。根据第四段中"The13thenrantofetchittoexaminehowI’dcheated."可知，作者是偷偷地打结，才导致后面裁判跑去把它拿来，检查是如何作弊的。故选C。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我使劲抡胳膊，把球状手帕扔到60英尺远的地方。A.arrowed带箭头的；B.balled成球状的；C.light轻的，明亮的；D.soft柔软的。根据上文“until