2023年职称英语-职称英语(理工类)考试备考题库附带答案卷2

米宝宝科技2023年职称英语-职称英语(理工类)考试备考题库附带答案题目一二三四五六总分得分第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共50题)1.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)The→odd←thingwasthathedidn’trecognizeme.A.realB.strangeC.wholeD.same2.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Lakes,Too,FeelGlobalWarmingThere’snodoubt：Inthelastfewdecades,theaveragetemperatureonEarthhasbeenhigherthanithasbeeninhundredsofyears.Aroundtheworld,peoplearestartingtomeasuretheeffectsofglobalwarming一andtryingtofigureoutwhattodoaboutit.Scientistsrecentlyusedsatellitestostudythetemperaturesoflakesaroundtheworld,andtheyfoundthatlakesareheatingup.Between1985and2009,satellitesrecordedthenighttimetemperaturesofthesurfacesof167lakes.Duringthose24years,thelakesgotwarmer—byanaverageofabout0.045degreeCelsiusperyear.Insomeplaces,lakeshavebeenwarmingbyasmuchas0.10degreeCelsiusperyear.Atthatrate,alakemaywarmbyafulldegreeCelsiusinjust10years.Thatdifferencemayseemsmall—youmightnotevennoticeitinyourbath.Butinalake,slightlywarmertemperaturescouldmeanmorealgae(水藻），andalgaecanmakethelakepoisonous(有毒的）tofish.Thestudyshowsthatinsomeregions,they

arewarmingfasterthantheairaroundthem.Thisisimportantbecausescientis

ofen

usemeasurementsofairtemperaturetostudyhowEarthiswarming.Byusinglake

temperaturesaswell，scientistscangetabetterpictureofglobalwarming.Thescientists

saydataonlakesgivescientistsanewwaytomeasuretheimpactofclimatechangeapundtheworld.That’sgoingtobeuseful,sincenocountryistoobigortoosmalltoignoreclimatechange.Scientistsaren’ttheonlyones

concerned.everyonewholivesonEarthisgoingtobeaffectedbytherapidwarmingofthe

planet.Manyworldleadersbelievewemightbeabletodosomethingaboutit,especially^reducingtheamountofgreenhouse(温室）gasesweputintotheair.That’swhytheUnitedNationssntadtheFrammorkConventiononClimateChange,orUNFCCC.Everyyeartheconvention

meets,and

presentativesfromcountriesaroundtheworldgathertotalkaboutclimate

change

and

discussglobalsolutionstothechallenges

ofawarmingworld.Scientistsgenerallyfocusonairtemperatureswhenstudyingglobalwarming.ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned3.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Fourteenpeoplewerechargedwithoffencesincludingobstructionandresistingarrest.A..warfareB.violatioC.robberyD.racism4.(单项选择题)(每题1.70分)共用题干ImproveYourMemoryTomanypeopleadvancingagemeanslosingyourhair,yourwaistlineandyourmemory.Butisitaninescapablefactthattheolderyouget,thelessyouremember?Well,astimegoesby,wetendtoblameageforproblemsthatarenotnecessarilyage-related.Whenateenagercan'tfindherkeys,shethinksit'sbecauseshe'sdistractedordisorganized,buta70-year-oldblameshermemory.Infact,the70-year-oldmay

havebeenmisplacingthingsfordecades一likewealldofromtimetotime.Inhealthypeople,memorydoesn'tdeteriorateasquicklyasmanyofusthink.Accordingtopsychologists,asweage,ourmemorymechanismisn'tbroken,it'sjustdifferent.Thebrain'sprocessingtimeslowsdownovertheyears,thoughnooneknowsexactlywhy.Recentresearchsuggeststhatnervecellsloseefficiencyandthatthere'slessactivityinthepartofthebrainthatdecideswhethertostoreinformationornot.Butit'snotclearthatlessactivityisworse.Abeginningathlete

iswinded.moreeasilythanatrainedathlete.Inthesameway,asthebraingetsmoreskilledatatask,itspendslessenergyonit.Therearestepsyoucantaketoimproveyourmemory,thoughyouhavetoworktokeepyourbraininshape.It'slikehavingagoodbody.Youcan'tgotothe

gymonceayearandexpecttostayintopform.SomememoryenhancementexpertssuggestusingtheAMprinciple.Payattentiontowhatyouwanttoremember.Thengivesomemeaningtoit.Werememberthingswhenwefocusonthem,whetherweintendtoornot.Thathelpsexplainwhyjinglesstickinourminds.Theyareplayedonloud,flashyTVcommercials.

Theyalsouserhymeandmusictohelpusrememberbetter.Basicorganizationhelpsusremembertheboringstuff.Forexample,ratherthantryingtorecallarandomlistofgroceries,wecandividethemintocategories,

suchasdairy,meatandproduce.Forimportantthingslikekeysandmoney,wecansetupa"forget-me-not"spotwherewealwayskeepthem.Wecanalsoeattoaidourmemorypower.Wholegrains,fruitsandvegetablesareexcellentsourcesofglucose,thebrain'spreferredfuel.Anotherlow-techwaytoimprovememoryistogetadequaterest.Sleepmayallowourbraintimetoencodememories.Interestinfriends,familyandhobbiesdoeswondersforourmemory.Asenseofpassionorpurposehelpsusremember.Memoryrequiresustopayattentiontoourlives,allowingustodiscoverinthemeverythingworthremembering.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmemoryproblemsarenotreallyage-related.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned5.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 BiologicalIdentificationTechnologiesWhenapersonwalks,themovementofhishead,trunk,andlimbs(肢体）areallreflectedinchangesinhisbody.A.computerstoresthese____________(1)intoadatabase（数据库）.Later,thecomputercanaccurately_______(2)himaccordingtothesechanges.Thisisanewbiologicalidentification____________(3)anditcanquicklyidentifyanexamineewithoutdisturbinghim.Everybody’svoiceis____________(4).Whenaperson’svoiceisrecordedbyaninstrumenthisvoicefrequencyspectrum（频谱）iscalledsoundprint.____________(5)afingerprint,everybody’ssoundprintisdifferent.Howcanacomputer____________(6)hissound?First,hisvoiceisrecorded,____________(7)allowsthecomputertobecomefamiliarwithhisvoice.Itwillthenturnhissoundcharacteristicsintoaseriesofdigits（数字）.Thesearethe____________(8)onwhichthecomputercandistinguishhisvoicefromanother's.WeoftenbringIDcards,workcards,ordrivinglicenseswithusto____________(9)ouridentity.Ifallthesecardsareforgottenorlost,howcanweprovewhomweare?In(10)，it’snotdifficulttoprovewhomyouare，_________(11)yourbodyitselfhasidentifyingmarkers.Somearephysiological（生理的）features，suchasfingerprints，sounds，facial（面部的）typesandeyecolor.Thecomputercan____________(12)toidentifyyou.Supposeyourfeatureshavealreadybeen____________(13)inthedatabase.Toidentifyyou,wehavetotakeyourpicturewithacameraandsendittoacomputerfor____________(14).First,thecomputerneedstorepositionthispictureaccordingtothepositionofyoureyes,andthenstartstoreadthe____________(15)ofyourphysiologicalfeaturessuchastheratioofyourpupiltothewhitesofyoureyesandtheshapeofyournose.Next,itseeksmatchingrecordsfromthedatabase.Finally,itmakesadecision.(5)→←AwithB.likeC.forD.as6.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Itwasboringtosittherewithoutanythingtodo.A.meaninglesB.monotonouC.fascinatingD.awesome7.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Heoftenfindsfaultwithmywork.A.criticizesB.praisesC.evaluatesD.talksabout8.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)TheCherokeeNationLongbeforethewhitemancametoAmerica,thelandbelongedtotheAmericanIndiannations.ThenationoftheCherokeeslivedinwhatisnowthesoutheasternpartoftheUnitedStates.Afterthewhitemancame,theCherokeescopiedmanyoftheirways.OneCherokeenamedSequoyahsawhowimportantreadingandwritingweretothewhiteman.HedecidedtoinventawaytowritedownthespokenCherokeelanguage.Hebeganbymakingwordpictures.Foreachwordhedrewapicture.Butthatprovedimpossible—therewerejusttoomanywords.Thenhetookthe85soundsthatmadeupthelanguage.UsinghisownimaginationandanEnglishspellingbook,Sequoyahinventedasignforeachsound.Hisalphabetprovedamazinglyeasytolearn.Beforelong,manyCherokeesknewhowtoreadandwriteintheirownlanguage.By1828,theywereevenprintingtheirownnewspaper.In1830,theU.S.Congresspassedalaw.ItallowedthegovernmenttoremoveIndiansfromtheirlands.TheCherokeesrefusedtogo.Theyhadlivedontheirlandsforcenturies.Itbelongedtothem.WhyshouldtheygotoastrangelandfarbeyondtheMississippiRiver?ThearmywassenttodrivetheCherokeesout.Soldierssurroundedtheirvillagesandmarchedthematgunpoint（在枪口的威胁下）intothewesternterritory.Thesick,theoldandthesmallchildrenwentincarts,alongwiththeirbelongings.Therestofthepeoplemarchedonfootorrodeonhorseback.ItwasNovember,yetmanyofthemstillworetheirsummerclothes.Coldandhungry,theCherokeeswerequicklyexhaustedbythehardshipsofthejourney.Manydroppeddeadandwereburiedbytheroadside.WhenthelastgrouparrivedintheirnewhomeinMarch1839,morethan4,000haddied.Itwasindeedamarchofdeath.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSequoyahisNOTtrue?A.Hewasimaginative.B.HewasanIndian.C.Hewasawhiteman.D.HewrotedownthespokenCherokeelanguage.9.(单项选择题)(每题2.00分)Mt.

Desert

Island

The

coast

of

the

State

of

Maine

is

one

of

the

most

irregular

in

the

world.

A

straight

line

running

from

the

southernmost

coastal

city

to

the

northernmost

coastal

city

would

measure

about

225

miles.

If

you

followed

the

coastline

between

these

points,

you

would

travel

more

than

ten

times

as

far.

This

irregularity

is

the

result

of

what

is

called

a

drowned

coastline.____(46)

At

that

time,

the

whole

area

that

is

now

Maine

was

part

of

a

mountain

range

that

towered

above

the

sea.

As

the

glacier

(冰川)descended,

however,

it

expended

enormous

force

on

those

mountains,

and

they

sank

into

the

sea.

As

the

mountains

sank,

ocean

water

charged

over

the

lowest

parts

of

the

remaining

land,

forming

a

series

of

twisting

inlets

and

lagoons

(咸水湖).The

highest

parts

of

the

former

mountain

range,

nearest

the

shore,

remained

as

islands.

____(47)

Marine

fossils

found

here

225

feet

above

sea

level,

indicating

the

level

of

the

shoreline

prior

to

the

glacier.

The

2,500-mile-long

rocky

coastline

of

Maine

keeps

watch

over

nearly

two

thousand

islands.

Many

of

these

islands

are

tiny

and

uninhabited,

but

many

are

home

to

thriving

communities.

Mt.

Desert

Island

is

one

of

the

largest,

most

beautiful

of

the

Maine

coast

islands.

Measuring

16

miles

by

12

miles,

Mt.

Desert

was

essentially

formed

as

two

distinct

islands.____(48)

For

years,

Mt.

Desert

Island,

particularly

its

major

settlement,

Bar

Harbor,

afforded

summer

homes

for

the

wealthy.

Recently

though,

Bar

Harbor

has

become

a

rapidly

growing

arts

community

as

well.

But

the

best

part

of

the

island

is

the

unspoiled

forest

land

known

as

Acadia

National

Park.

Because

the

island

sits

on

the

boundary

line

between

the

temperate

(温带)

and

sub-Arctic

zones,

the

island

supports

the

plants

and

animals

of

both

zones

as

well

as

beach,

inland,

and

alpine

(高山的)

plants.____(49)

The

establishment

of

Acadia

National

Park

in

1916

means

that

this

natural

reserve

will

be

perpetually

available

to

all

people,

not

just

the

wealthy.

Visitors

to

Acadia

may

receive

nature

instruction

from

the

park

naturalists

as

well

as

enjoy

camping,

cycling,

and

boating.

Or

they

may

choose

to

spend

time

at

the

archeological

museum,

learning

about

the

Stone

Age

inhabitants

of

the

island.

The

best

view

on

Mt.

Desert

island

is

from

the

top

of

Cadillac

Mountain.___(50)From

the

summit,

you

can

gaze

back

toward

the

mainland

or

out

over

the

Atlantic

Ocean

and

contemplate

the

beauty

created

by

retreating

glacier.

A

It

also

lies

in

a

major

bird

migration

lane

and

is

a

resting

spot

for

many

birds.

B

Mt.

Desert

Island

is

one

of

the

most

famous

of

all

of

the

islands

left

behind

by

the

glacier.

C

The

wealthy

residents

of

Mt.

Desert

Island

selfishly

kept

it

to

themselves.

D

The

term

comes

from

the

activity

of

the

ice

age.

E

This

mountain

rises

1,532

feet,

making

it

the

highest

mountain

on

the

Atlantic

seashore.

F

It

is

split

almost

in

half

by

Somes

Sound,

a

deep

and

narrow

stretch

of

water

seven

miles

long.

10.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Jack→consumes←apoundofcheeseaday.A.eatsB.drinksC.buysD.produces11.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Johnhasmadeuphismindnottogotothemeeting.A.wantedB.promisedC.decidedD.agreed12.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分) 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第1~4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第5?8题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Robots

1Themostsophisticated（先进的）Japaneserobots,whichhavevisionsystemsandwork

atveryhighspeeds,arestillbasedonAmericandesigns.Studiesofrobots,particularly

computercontrolsoftware,areconsideredtobegenerallylessadvancedinJapanthanin

AmericaorEurope.

2Althoughindustrialrobotswereoriginallydevelopedasdevicesforsimplyhandling

objects,todaytheircommonestusesareformoreskilledworklikewelding,spraypaintingandassemblingcomponents.

3InBritain,robotsalesappropriatelypeakedin1984,buthavebeendecliningeversince.

ThisispartlybecauseBritishwageratesaretoolowtomakerobotsfinanciallyattractiveand

partlybecauseengineersnowhavemoreexperiencewithrobotsandaremoreawareofthe

difficultiesofintroducingthemeffectively.

4Ithasbeencalculatedthatarobotusesonaverageabout100timesmoreenergythana

humantodoanequivalentjob.

5Itisestimatedthat20%ofallcomicbookheroesinJapanarerobots.Thisisan

enormousnumberbecausecomicsaresopopularthattheymakeupathirdofallmaterial

publishedinJapan.

6ThereliabilityofrobotsismeasuredintheirM.T.B.F.ormeantimebetweenfailures.

Thishasrisenfromabout250hoursinthemid-1970stoabout10,000hourstoday

(equivalenttoworking18hoursadayfortwoyears).Onewayrobotmanufacturershave

increasedreliabilityistotesteverysinglecomponenttheybuy,insteadofthenormal

procedureofjusttestingasmallsample.

7ThebiggestsinglebenefitofintroducingrobotsclaimedbyJapanesecompaniesisthat

theyincreasequalitycontrol.Onceprogrammed,therobotscanworkmoreaccuratelyand

consistentlythanhumans,whocangettiredandbored. EventhemostsophisticatedJapaneserobotsare→

←→←AtoomuchenergyBbasedonAmericandesignsCtheyaretoocostlyDtheyarenotreliableEgoodtoqualitycontrolFfreeofcharge13.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Agreatdealhasbeendoneto→remedy←thesituation.Amaintain

Bimprove

Cassess

Dprotect14.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 BiologicalIdentificationTechnologies

Whenapersonwalks,themovementofhishead,trunk,andlimbs(肢体）areallreflectedinchangesinhisbody.Acomputerstoresthese

____________(1)intoadatabase（数据库）.Later,thecomputercanaccurately

_______(2)himaccordingtothesechanges.Thisisanewbiologicalidentification____________(3)anditcanquicklyidentifyanexamineewithoutdisturbinghim.

Everybody’svoiceis____________(4).Whenaperson’svoiceisrecordedbyaninstrumenthisvoicefrequencyspectrum（频谱）iscalledsoundprint.

____________(5)

afingerprint,everybody’ssoundprintisdifferent.Howcanacomputer____________(6)hissound?First,hisvoiceisrecorded,

____________(7)allowsthecomputertobecomefamiliarwithhisvoice.Itwillthenturnhissoundcharacteristicsintoaseriesofdigits

（数字）.Thesearethe____________(8)onwhichthecomputercandistinguishhisvoicefromanother's.

WeoftenbringIDcards,workcards,ordrivinglicenseswithusto____________(9)ouridentity.Ifallthesecardsareforgottenorlost,howcanweprovewhomweare?In

(10)，it’snotdifficulttoprovewhomyouare，_________(11)yourbodyitselfhasidentifyingmarkers.Somearephysiological（生理的）features，suchasfingerprints，sounds，facial（面部的）typesandeyecolor.Thecomputercan____________(12)toidentifyyou.Supposeyourfeatureshavealreadybeen____________(13)inthedatabase.Toidentifyyou,wehavetotakeyourpicturewithacameraandsendittoacomputerfor____________(14).First,thecomputerneedstorepositionthispictureaccordingtothepositionofyoureyes,andthenstartstoreadthe____________(15)ofyourphysiologicalfeaturessuchastheratioofyourpupiltothewhitesofyoureyesandtheshapeofyournose.Next,itseeksmatchingrecordsfromthedatabase.Finally,itmakesadecision.A

identify

B

inform

C

affect

D

bother15.(单项选择题)(每题3.00分) Eye-trackerLetsYouDragandDropFileswithaGlance Boredofusingamouse?Soonyou’llbeabletochangestuffonyourcomputerscreen—andthenmoveitdirectlyontoyoursmartphoneortablet（平板电脑）—withnothingmorethanaglance. AsystemcalledEyeDropusesahead-mountedeyetrackerthatsimultaneouslyrecordsyourfieldofviewsoitknowswhereyouarelookingonthescreen.Gazingatanobject—aphoto,say—andthenpressingakey,selectsthatobject.Itcanthenbemovedfromthescreentoatabletorsmartphonejustbyglancingattheseconddevice,aslongasthetwoareconnectedwirelessly. “Thebeautyofusinggazetosupportthisisthatoureyesnaturallyfocusoncontentthatwewanttoacquire,saysJaysonTurner,whodevelopedthesystemwithcolleaguesatLancasterUniversity,UK. TurnerbelievesEyeDropwouldbeusefultotransferaninteractivemaporcontact

informationfromapublicdisplaytoyoursmartphoneorforsharingphotos. Abuttonneedstobeusedtoselecttheobjectyouarelookingatotherwiseyouendupwiththe“Midastouch”（点石成金）effect,wherebyeverythingyoulookatgetsselectedbyyourgaze,saysTurner.‘‘Imagineifyourmouseclickedoneverythingitpointedat,”hesays. ChristianHolz,aresearcherinhuman-computerinteractionatYahooLabsinSunnyvale,California,saysthesystemisanicetakeongettingroundthisfundamentalproblemofusinggaze-trackingtointeract.“EyeDropsolvesthisinaslick（灵巧的）waybycombiningitwithinputonthetouchdeviceswecarrywithusmostofthetimeanywayandusingtouchinputasaclutchingmechanism,”hesays.“Thisnowallowsuserstoseamlessly（无缝地）interactacrossdevicesfarandcloseinaverynaturalmanner.” Whilecurrenteye-trackersareratherbulky,mainstreamconsumerdevicesarenottoofaraway.SwedishfirmTobiiisdevelopinggaze-trackingtechnologythatcanbeinstalledinlaptopsandtabletsandisexpectedtobeavailabletobuynextyear.AndtheGoogleGlassheadsetisexpectedtoincludeeye-trackinginthefuture. Turnersayshehasalsolookedathowcontentcanbecutandpastedordrag-and-droppedusingamixofgazeandtapsonatouchscreen.ThesystemwaspresentedattheConferenceonMobileandUbiquitousMultimediainSweden,lastweek. Whyisabuttonneeded? A.Toselectwhatwewant. B.TominimizethecostofEyeDrop. C.Tochooseasmanyobjectsaspossible. D.TomakeEyeDropdifferentfromothers. 16.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Jackwas→dismissed←.A.firedB.finedC.exhaustedD.criticized17.(单项选择题)(每题3.00分)

Eye-trackerLetsYouDragandDropFileswithaGlanceBoredofusingamouse?Soonyou’llbeabletochangestuffonyourcomputerscreen—andthenmoveitdirectlyontoyoursmartphoneortablet(平板电脑)——withnothingmorethanaglance.AsystemcalledEyeDropusesahead-mountedeyetrackerthatsimultaneouslyrecordsyourfieldofviewsoitknowswhereyouarelookingonthescreen.Gazingatanobject——aphoto,say—andthenpressingakey,selectsthatobject.Itcanthenbemovedfromthescreentoatabletorsmartphonejustbyglancingattheseconddevice,aslongasthetwoareconnectedwirelessly.“Thebeautyofusinggazetosupportthisisthatoureyesnaturallyfocusoncontentthatwewanttoacquire,saysJaysonTurner,whodevelopedthesystemwithcolleaguesatLancasterUniversity,UK.TurnerbelievesEyeDropwouldbeusefultotransferaninteractivemaporcontactinformationfromapublicdisplaytoyoursmartphoneorforsharingphotos.Abuttonneedstobeusedtoselecttheobjectyouarelookingatotherwiseyouendupwiththe“Midastouch”（点石成金）effect,wherebyeverythingyoulookatgetsselectedbyyourgaze,saysTurner.“Imagineifyourmouseclickedoneverythingitpointedat，’’hesays.ChristianHolz,aresearcherinhuman-computerinteractionatYahooLabsinSunnyvale,California,saysthesystemisanicetakeongettingroundthisfundamentalproblemofusinggaze-trackingtointeract.“EyeDropsolvesthisinaslick(灵巧的)waybycombiningitwithinputonthetouchdeviceswecarrywithusmostofthetimeanywayandusingtouchinputasaclutchingmechanism，”hesays.Thisnowallowsuserstoseamlessly(无缝地)interactacrossdevicesfarandcloseinaverynaturalmanner，”Whilecurrenteye-trackersareratherbulky,mainstreamconsumerdevicesarenottoofaraway.SwedishfirmTobiiisdevelopinggaze-trackingtechnologythatcanbeinstalledinlaptopsandtabletsandisexpectedtobeavailabletobuynextyear.AndtheGoogleGlassheadsetisexpectedtoincludeeye-trackinginthefuture.Turnersayshehasalsolookedathowcontentcanbecutandpastedordrag-and-droppedusingamixofgazeandtapsonatouchscreen.ThesystemwaspresentedattheConferenceonMobileandUbiquitousMultimediainSweden,lastweek.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofeye-trackersforconsumeruse?ATheyarecostly.BTheyareavailable.CTheyareexpectedtocomeoutsoon.DTheyareinstalledinGoogleGlassheadset.18.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Wehavegottoabidebyourcommitment.A.sticktoB.persistinC.safeguardD.applyto19.(单项选择题)(每题3.00分)

ArchiveGallery:TheBestofBionics(仿生学)

Humansmightbethemosthigh-evolvedspeciesontheplanet,butmostanimalspossessskillswecanonlydreamofhaving.Imaginehowmuchelectricitywecouldsaveifwecouldseeinthedarkthewaycatsdo.Imagineleapingfromtreetotreelikeamonkey.Giraffes(长颈鹿),whichareotherwisecalmandgood-natured,sleeponly4.6hoursaday.

Werealizedalong,longtimeagothatnatureprovidesthebestblueprint(蓝图)forinvention.We’veborrowedcanalsfrombeavers(河狸)andreflectorsfromcat’seyes.Althoughthewords"bionics"becamepopularonlyafterthe1960s,historyshowsthatnaturehasalwaysprovidedIdeasonsolvingeverydayproblems.Ourarchives(档案)don’tgobacktothetimeofLeonardodaVinciandhisbird-likeflyingmachines,butwecantakeyoutothelate19thcentury,whereweappliedthosesameprinciplesforbuildingourfirstpracticalairplanes.

TopreparefortheirflightatKittyHawk,theWrightbrothersstudiedthemovementsofpigeonstofigureouthowtheystayedhighupwhentheywereheavierthanair.Theirsuccessinspiredscoresofsuccessorstoimproveontheairplanebystudyingvariousaspectsofnature.OneofOrvilleWright’spupilscaughtandstuffedseagullstoexaminetheirwingspan.Meanwhile,twoFrenchinventorsexaminedspinningsycamore(梧桐)seedsinanefforttoapplythosesamemotions,reversed,toahelicopter.

Someexamplesaremoreobviousthanothers.TheoutsideoftheairplanedesignedbytheWrightbrotherslookslikeaminimalistic(简单抽象艺术)structure.Ontheotherhand,

BarneyConnett’sfishsubmarine(潜水艇)actuallylookslikeafish.

Somebio-inspiredconceptshaveyettobeinvented.Inthe1960s,theUSArmycommissionedseveraluniversityprofessorstoconductresearchonthemotorskillsofanimalsinhopeofapplyingthosesameabilitiestotanks.Tanksthatrunlikehorsesorjumplikegrasshoppers(蚂蛛)—soundsshocking,doesn’tit?Butimaginehowlifewouldchangeifwecouldachievethat.

WhathappenedaftertheWrightbrothers'success?APeoplecarriedoutasystematicstudyonpigeons.BPeoplecouldflytheirairplaneforfun.CPeoplestudiedmoreanimalsandplantstodeveloptheairplane.DPeoplekepttheirairplaneataFrenchgallery.20.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)EtaCarinaeAspossiblythegalaxy’s（银河）mostmassivestar,EtaCarinaeisnowengaginginsomeveryunusualbehaviour.Australianastronomers,beingintheSouthernHemisphere（半球），areat)letoobserveitclearly.Inthe19thcentury,EtaCarinaewasforatimethethirdbrighteststarinthesky.Ithasnowbecomelessbrightsothatbinoculars(双筒望远镜）areneededtoseeit.“Itseemstobebrighteningandbecominglessbrightoveraperiodofmanyyears”，saidDrBobDuncanfromtheAustraliaTelescopeNationalFacility.Whileitisnotunusualforstarstovaryinbrightness,theperiodisusuallymuchshorter.“Since1992ithasbecomefourtimesbrighter，andthenlastyearitbegantodropdramatically,hesaid.TheprobleminobservingEtaCarinaeisthatithasbeensurroundedbyacloudofgasanddust,makingithardtoseethestardirectly.However,radiowavesandinfraredlight（红外线）canpassthroughthiscloud，sotelescopesthatreceivethesewavelengthscanobservewhatisoccurring.EtaCarinaeisofparticularinteresttoastronomersbecauseitseemstobeinitsdeaththroes（剧痛）.Beingsolargeitwillendupasasupernova（超新星）.Therehasnotbeenasupernovainourgeilaxysincetheinventionofthetelescope.Whilea1987explosioninanearbygalaxygaveastronomersplentyofvaluabledata,theyarehungryforanevencloserlook.EtaCarinaehasotheruniquefeatures,andistheonlystarknowntoproduceanultraviolet（紫外线）laserthatisbrighterthanthatproducedbytheSun.Lasershavebeenobservedinotherfrequenciesfromafewstars.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutEtaCarinaeisNOTtrue?A.Itwillendupasasupernova.B.Itcanbeseenonlythroughbinoculars.C.Itistheonlystarthatsendsoutanultravioletlaser.D.ItsultravioletlaserisbrighterthanthatoftheSun.21.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)MusicalTrainingCanImproveCommunicationSkillsAmericanscientistssaymusicaltrainingseemstoimprovecommunicationskillsandlanguageretardation(延迟).Theyfoundthatdevelopingmusicalskillsinvolvesthe____________(51)processinthebrainaslearninghowtospeak.Thescientistsbelievethatcould___________(52)childrenwithlearningdisabilities.NinaKraussisaneurobiologistatNorthwesternUniversityinIllinois.Shesaysmusicaltraining___________(53)puttingtogetherdifferentkindsofinformation,suchashearingmusic,lookingatmusicalnotes,touchinganinstrumentandwatchingothermusicians.This________