月份真题精讲第2次上课

•1.ShanghaiTradeZone：中国（）自由贸易试验区，设立在的区域•2.Europeanparliament：欧洲议会，它是欧盟三大机构（欧盟理事会-CounciloftheEuropeanUnion、欧盟-EuropeanCommission、欧洲议会）之一，为欧盟的、监破坏（OzoneDepletion）6.：MoYan,thepennameofGuanMoye,isanovelistandshortstorywriter.In2012,MowasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLitureforhisworkasawriter“whowithhallucinatoryrealismmergesfolktales,historyandthecontemporary“.HismainworksincludesBigBreasts&WideHips,RedSorghumClan,Frogetc.•7.：theDream,atermpopularizedafter2013withinthoughtthatdescribesasetofalandnationalidealsinthePeople'sRepublicofItdescribesasetofidealsofrealizingthegreatrejuvenationofthe•8.：negativelist,foreigninvestmentinallsectorsshouldbeallowedunlesslistedasprohibitedorrestrictedundertheNegativeList.•9.尽职：duediligence,isaninvestigationofabusinessorpriortosigningacontract,oranactwithacertainstandardofcare.•10.量化宽松：tativeeasing/QE,ismonetaryusedbyacentralbanktostimulateaneconomywhenstandardmonetaryhaseineffective.二、Work

,Don’tContain tostopsomethingfromspreadingor1、CITINGanescalatingdisputeoverislandsintheEastTheEconomistwarnedlastweekthat“andJapanareslidingwar.”Thatassessmentmaybetooalarmist,butthetensionshavebolsteredtheeffortsofsomeAmericanystswhohaveurgedato“contain”. 》上周警告说，由于中国东海不断升级的岛屿纷争不断升级，“中国和或许会滑向”。这种预测可能有些危言耸听，然而双方的紧张关系已经促使一些分析敦促出台“遏制”中国的政策。2、Duringarecentvisitto ,Iwasstruckbyhowmanyofficialsbelievesucha isalreadyin ceandisthecentralpurposeof Obama’s“pivot”towardAsia.“Thepivotisaverystupidchoice,”JinCanrong,aprofessorofinternationalrelations,declaredpublicly.“TheUnitedStateshasachievednothingandonly can’tbecontained,”headded.笔者在最近一次中国时发现，有不少 而且是总统亚洲政策的“”目的。国际关系学教授金灿荣公开宣称，“这一政策极其愚蠢。”他还补充说道：“一无所成，还激怒了中国。无法被遏制的。”3、ContainmentwasdesignedforadifferenteraanditisnotwhattheUnitedStatesis,orshouldbe,attemptingnow.AtthestartofthecoldwarcontainmentmeanteconomicisolationoftheSovietsandregionalallianceslikeNATOtodeterMoscow’smilitaryexpansionLatertothechagrinofGeorgeFKennanthefatherofcontainment,thedoctrineledtothe“dominoeffect”theorybehindtheescalationoftheVietnam 的军事扩张。后来，这一政策导致了“多米 Behindresponsibleforstartingor 4、Coldwarcontainmentinvolvedvirtuallynotradeandlittlesocialcontact.But nowisnotwhattheSovietUnionwasthen.Itisnotseekingglobal ,andtheUnitedStatesnotonlyhasanimmensetradewith butalsohugeexchangesofstudentsand冷战期间的遏制政策实际上包括贸易往来，限制社会交流。但如今，中国与当时的不同，并不寻求全球霸权，况且和中国不仅有贸易，还5、WhenIworkedonthePentagon’sEastAsiastrategyin1994,duringtheClintonadministration,werejectedtheideaofcontainmentfortworeasons.Ifwetreated asanenemy,wewereguaranteeingafutureenemy.Ifwetreated asafriend,wekeptopenthepossibilityofamorepeacefulfuture. 6、Wedevisedastrategyof“integratebuthedge”—somethinglikeRonaldReagan’s“trustbutverify.”Americasupported ’smembershipintheWorldTradeOrganizationandaccepted goodsandvisitors.Buta1996declarationreaffirmedthatthepostwarUnitedStates-JapansecuritytreatywasthebasisforastableandprosperousEastAsia. Clintonalsobegantoimproverelationswithtocounterbalance’srise.我们设计/制定了一个“融合但限制”（integratebuthedge）的战略，类似于•采取的“信任但核实”（trustbutverify）战略。支持中国加入世贸组织，并接受中国的商品和游客。但1996年美日间的-桥本又重新确认/重申了美日安保条约，为东亚的稳定繁荣提供基础。与此同时，同时也开始改善与的关系，与中国崛起相抗衡。7、Thisstrategyhasenjoyedbipartisan GeorgeW.toimproverelationswith,whiledeepeningeconomictieswith.Hisdeputysecretaryofstate,RobertB.Zoellick,madeclearthatAmericawouldaccepttheriseofasa“responsiblestakeholder.”这一政策得到了党与的支持。总统/时统继续增进与的关系，同时加强与中国间的经济纽带。时任副国务卿曾清楚表示，会接受中国作为一个“8、MrObama’s“rebalancingtowardAsiainvolvesmovingnavalresourcestothePacific,butalsotrade,humanrightsanddiplomaticinitiativesAshisnationalsecurityadviser,ThomasE.Donilon,saidinNovember,theAmerican-relationship“haselementsofbothcooperationandcompetition.” 9、Asiaisnotamonolith,anditsinternalbalanceofpowershouldbethekeytoourstrategy.Japan,India,VietnamandothercountriesdonotwanttobedominatedbyChina,andthuseanAmericanpresenceintheregion.UnlessChinaisabletoattractalliesbysuccessfullydevelopingits“softpower,”theriseinits“hard”militaryandeconomicpowerislikelytofrightenitsneighbors,whowillcoalescetobalanceitspower.权力平衡（英语：Balanceofpower），10、AsignificantAmericanmilitaryandeconomicpresencehelpstomaintaintheAsianbalanceofpowerandshapeanenvironmentthatprovidesincentivesfor cooperate.Afterthe2008-9financialcrisis,some mistakenlybelievedthatAmericawasinpermanentdeclineandthatthispresentednewopportunities.Aresultwasthat worseneditsrelationswithJapan, ,SouthKorea,VietnamandthePhilippines—amisstepthatconfirmedthat“only cancontain.” 。11、ButAmerica’srebalancingtowardAsiashouldnotbeaggressive.WeshouldheedMr.Kennan’swarningagainstovermilitarizationandensurethat feelencircledorendangered.Theworld’stwolargesteconomieshavemuchtogainfromcooperationonfightingclimatechange,pandemics,cyberterrorismandnuclear但是的亚洲再平衡战略不应当太强势。我们应当留心先生关于过度军事化的警告，保证中国既不觉得被包围也不觉得被。这两个世界上最大的经济体若在应对气候变暖、传染 ingmoredependentonMiddleEasternenergy,weshoulddiscussmaritimeregulationstoensure passageofshipsand inPacificnavalexercises.Weshouldhelp domesticenergyresourceslikeshalegasandencourage Japantorevivetheir2008 nforjointunderseagasexploitation.Andweshouldmakeclearthatif meetscertainstandards,itcanjointhenegotiationsovertheTrans-PacificPartnership,aproposed-tradeagreementaroundthePacificRim.随着中国越来越依靠于中东能源，我们应当就重新讨论海事加以讨论，保，并鼓励恢复其2008年联合开采海底天然气的计划。我们也应当说明，只13、Containmentissimplynotarelevant toolfordealingwitha .Poweristheabilitytoobtaintheesonewants,andsometimesAmerica’spowerisgreaterwhenweactwithothersratherthanmerelyoverothers. 1、美中经济与安全评估星期三出具了一份156页的报告，公司的在美投资做了充满警惕的描述。它宣称来自中国的大型投资给制造的经济和安全风险就像“潜在的特洛伊木马”，这样的比喻颇令我们。•AnAmericancommittee,theUS- EconomicandSecurityReviewCommission(UCESRC)issueda156reportWednesday,whichgivesdetailed/warningdescriptionsof companies'investmentsintheUS.Itclaimsthesecurityandeconomicrisksposedby large-scaleinvestmentsasa"potentialTrojanhorse,"whichshockedus/wasshocking.TheU.S.- EconomicandSecurityReviewCommissionwascreatedbytheUnitedStatesCongressinOctober2000withthelegislativemandatetomonitor,investigate,andsubmittoCongressanannualreportonthenationalsecurityimplicationsofthebila ltradeandeconomicrelationshipbetweentheUnitedStatesandthePeople’sRepublicof ,andtoprovidemendations,whereappropriate,toCongressforlegislativeandadministrativeaction. •AsimplereactiontothisisthattheUS'investmentin isofamuchlargerscale.ManycompanieshaveclosetieswithWashington.Ifweuse/Accordingtothelogicinthereport,thereareagreatnumberof"Trojanhorses"in .Ifso, peopleshouldbewaryofthese"Trojanhorses,"aslocalernmentsinarebusycourtingforeign doesn'thaveanorganizationliketheUCESRC,whichdoesnothingbutdestroyopportunitiesformutualeconomiccooperation.Eveniftherewassuchacommissionwhichissuedasimilarreport,sayingthatandIBMmayoverthrow ,thosewhowrotethereportwouldbe Indeed,thementalitythathow andtheUSseeeachotherischanginghistorically.The ,whohaveworriedaboutUSambitionsofsubjugating/defeating ,haveepositive/open-minded,orblindlyoptimistic,whiletheAmericans,whohadnofearinthepast,haveeoversensitive/extremelynervous,speculating/doubtingthemotivesofthosecompanieswithintheborderoftheUS. •Wedon'tknow/Weareconfusedaboutwhethertheseconcernsaregenuine/real/true,orwhetherthestrangeaccusationsarejustadisguise/coverfortradeprotectionism. •Globalizationhasaffectedthestructureoftheinternationaldistributionofindustries/divisionoflabor,therefore,theUS,whichusedtobeatthetopoftheindustrialchain,isgraduallyfeelingasenseofcrisis.companies,whichusedtohelptheirWesterncounterpartslowercostsandboost/improveefficiency,begantocompetewiththemintermsoftechnologyandinvestment.Theyareconsideredtobetakingawaythevery/bestinterestsoftheWestandposingapotentialthreattotheircorecompetitiveness.Globalizationistheprocessofinternationalintegrationar