Unit-5-The-real-truth-about-lies练习答案综合教程三名师制作优质教学资料

Unit5TheRealTruthaboutLiesKeytotheExercisesTextcomprehensionDecidewhichofthefollowingbestsumsuptheargumentofthepassage.CJudge,accordingtothetext,whetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.T(RefertoParagraph3.Itistruethatwomentellliesbecausetheycareaboutothers'feelings,andmenaremoreselfish;theytellliesgenerallyforself-promotingpurposes.)T(RefertoParagraph5.)T(RefertoParagraph6.)F(RefertoParagraph12.Evenseeminglyharmlessfalsehoods,orwhitelies,canhaveunforeseenconsequences.)F(RefertoParagraph16.Therearestilloccasionswhereliesareacceptable.)Answerthefollowingquestions.RefertoParagraphs2-5.ProfessorDePaulo'sstudysuggeststhatlyingisacommonphenomenonandmostofthelieswetellaresmallandinsignificant.Meanwhile,asshepointsout,itiscommonthatpeopletakelieslightly:theirlieshavecausedthemlittlepreoccupationorregret.RefertoParagraph3.Accordingtothepassage,thepurposeoftellingliesorwhiteliesvaries:womentellliesaccordingtotheprincipleofcaring,ortospareother'sfeelings,andmentellliesbasicallyforutilitarianself-promotingpurposes.RefertoParagraphs7-10.ThestoryofTomsupportstheargumentthatlittlewhiteliesareubiquitous,andpeoplehavetakensuchliesforgranted,believingthattheyarewell-intended.WhenheconsultedwithMichaelJosephson,thereplyisverynegative:hismother-in-lawmayfeelhurtwhenshediscoversthedeceitsomeday.Orevenworse,shemayquestion:"Andwhatelsehaveyouliedtomeabout?"Inshort,suchwhiteliesmayproducemistrustamongpeople.RefertoParagraphs12-15.Theconsequencesoflyingarethree-fold:thedeceivedmayfeelcheatedandwon'ttrusttheliaranymore;theliarwilllosetrustandgetentangledinthelieshefabricates;and,ifliesproliferateendlessly,societyasawholewouldfalterandcollapseastrustisdamagedordestroyed.RefertoParagraph16.Notallwhiteliesareunacceptable.Somefalsehoodslikesettingsomebodyupforasurprisepartyortellingchildrenaboutthetoothfairycanbejustified.However, youhavetoconsider theattitude ofthedeceived towards lying andtheconsequences,i.e.whetheryouractwillunderminehistrustinyou.IV. Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentences.Whenwestarttotellalie,wehaveenteredaveryintricatesituation,asalieoftenrequiresfurtherliesuntilthewholestructureofliesbecomessocomplexthatitensnarestheliar.Oneislessinhibitedfromlying;hisabilitytomakemoralrightandwrongjudgmentsisdulled,andhemaybecomelesscautiousagainstbeingcaught.Themostunderstandableandacceptableliesarethosewhicharetoldforthesakeofloveandcareattheexpenseoftrust,accordingtotheethicists.StructuralanalysisofthetextParagraphs12-15:theconsequencesoftellingliesParagraphs16-18:whichliestobeavoidedRhetoricalfeaturesofthetextExample1:20,000middle-andhigh-schoolersweresurveyedbytheJosephsonInstituteofEthics--anonprofitorganizationinMarinadelRey,California.(Paragraph5)Example2:PhilosopherSisselaBokwarnsusthat...(Paragraph12)VocabularyexercisesExplaintheunderlinedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.veryimportant/shocking/traumaticavoidhurtingtheother'sfeelings/avoiddoingsomethingthatwouldupsettheotherpersontellingthetruthwithafavorableemphasisorslant/modifyingthetruthacourseofactionwhichcaneasilyleadtosomethingunacceptable,wrong,ordisastrousunderanycircumstances/whatevermighthappen(Somesimilarexpressions:atanycost,whateverthecost)Fillintheblankineachsentencewithawordtakenfromtheboxinitsappropriateform.1.supportive 2.perceived3.prevarication 4.astounded5.undermine 6.faltered7.fibs 8.volunteeredFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.1.unethical 2.feigned3.unsparing5.confoundedly7.entangled

4.cynical6.lubricated8.WillfulIV.Fillintheblankineachsentencewithanappropriatephrasalverborcollocationtakenfromthetext.coverupblurtedoutsetupfindoutwear/woredownspecializesinprofessestocomplimented...onGiveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.1.Synonym:evasion(equivocation)2.Synonym:chronic(repeated)3.Synonym:common(prevalent,omnipresent)4.Antonym:slightly5.Antonym:insult(reproach,criticize)6.Synonym:distort7.Synonym:growth(multiplication)8.Antonym:strengthened(consolidated)VI. Explaintheunderlinedphrasalverbsinyourownwords.cancelledovercomefollowfellintomakeitmoreacceptablefeelunhappyaboutremovedfromconsiderationreserveforfutureuseGrammarexercisesIdentifythemeaningofthewordsinitalics.1.probability2.possibility3.intention5.necessity7.obligation

4.possibility6.possibility8.probabilityCompleteeachsentencewithwhatyouthinkthemostappropriateofthefourchoicesgiven.CC(Wedon'tusemay/mightinaquestionwhentheyrefertopossibility.)B(Shouldisusedafteriftosuggestalessstrongpossibility.)A(Idon'tthinkhecouldhavebeenthere=Idon'tthinkit'spossiblethathewasthere.)D(Won'theresuggestsrefusal.)B(Inarequestforpermission,thespeakerusesthepastmodaltoshowpoliteness.)BB(Couldreferstoageneralabilityinthepastwhilewasabletoreferstoasingleachievementinthepast.)A(Dareisusedasalexicalverbinthissentence.Itcanbefollowedbyaninfinitiveeitherwithorwithoutto.)10. ARewritethesentencesbelowusingthewordsandphrasesfromthebox.Hecan'thavetolduseverything.Somethingmusthavegonewrong.Shecan'tbeonlythirtyyearsold.Theymaynotknowyet.Theroadcould/mayhavebeenclosed.Thepolicemustknowthat.Theremay/couldhavebeenatrafficjam.(Wedon'tuse"can+havedone"inapositivestatement.)Thelettercould/mayarrivetoday.Thatwill/mustbemymother.Thereshouldbetimetodosomeshopping.IV. Rewritethefollowingsentences,usingverblessclauses.Whenindoubt,tellthetruth.Itwillconfoundyourenemiesandastoundyourfriends.Whenheated,metalexpands.Iftrue,itwillcauseusalotoftrouble.Wheneverpossible,theyshouldbetyped.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.Sendthegoodsnow,ifready.Ifnecessary,ringmeathome.Heglancedaboutasifinsearchofsomething.Completethesentenceswiththeproperformsoftheverbsgiven.discussing,havingreachedpayingLying,sittingtopacify,tobepacified,grumblingrepeat,tomake,todogoing,staytosee,toavoid,hittingtoarrive,risingdoingtomake,toseeVI.Makesentencesofyourownafterthesentencesgivenbelow,keepingtheitalicizedpartsinyoursentences.You'reallputintodifferentgroupsaccordingtoyourability.Accordingtomydictionary,thereareseveralmeaningsforthatword.Whetheryoulikeitornot,it'sgoingtohappen.Theywillleavewhetheryouagreeornot.TranslationexercisesTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1. 最惊人的是，这些撒了数以千计谎言的人声称，欺骗行为并没有让他们十分 “纠结或愧疚”。尽管如此，91%的参加者称“对自己的道德和人品还是感到满意”。毫无疑问，这些“善意的谎言”于他人无害且初衷良好，是不可缺少的社交润滑剂。如果你没有把握，马克·吐温给过我们一条经验法则：“拿不准的时候，就实话实说。实话会迷惑敌人，震惊朋友。”TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsandphrasesgiveninbrackets.Hamletfeignedmadnesswhenhewashesitatingwhattodo.Prevaricationisoneofthetechniquesthisbusinessmanlikestoemploy.Sometimesthelightofthetruthisjusttoodazzling,sowhiteliesareubiquitous.ManywomeninAmericaprofessthattheyareunhappywiththeirstatusassecond-classcitizens.Ontheimpulseofthemoment,heblurtedoutthesecret.Youshouldgetridofanyprejudice,resisttemptationsandletnothingwarpyourjudgment.Beingover-sensitiveandimaginative,heoftenweavesatangledwebinhismind.Heisverypopularamonghispeersashealwaystriestospareothersanytrouble.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.美国有调查表明，大多数人出于不同的原因、在不同程度上说过谎。有时，他们说谎是为了让别人高兴。比如：装出积极的态度来肯定朋友或配偶，实际上他/她内心却没有如此认可。有时，他们说谎是为了提升自己。这种情况现在越来越普遍了。有时，是为了避免伤害别人，当未加粉饰的实情难以接受的时候更是如此。有人则把说谎看作一种必要的社交润滑剂。不管怎么说，说谎都是为了掩饰实情。关于说谎，不同的人有不同的观点。有些人认为，假话，即便是看上去无害的假话，也可能带来预料不到的后果。一个人说了第一个谎话之后，他就需要说更多的谎话来掩饰最初的谎话，最后会变成沉重的精神负担。一位哲学家警告说，如果一个人说谎，他就(等于)把自己置于一个溜滑的斜坡上，因为他的心理障碍减轻了。但是，另外一些人则认为，我们不必不惜一切代价去避免所有善意的谎言，因为一个善意的谎言可能仅仅是用牺牲信任而去换取关