最全却最简洁最重点的英美文学考试重点

学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考一、TheAnglo-Saxonperiod(449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类： pagan(异教徒)Christian(基督徒)2、代表作:TheSongofBeowulf(nationalepic民族史诗)metaphoralliteration。3、Angles,SaxonsandJutes.二、TheAnglo-Normanperiod(1066-1350)1、TheRomanConquest:In1066,theDukeofNormandyWilliamledtheNormanarmytoinvadeEngland.TheresultofthiswarwasWilliambecamethekingofEngland.Aftertheconquest,feudalsystemwasestablishedinEnglishsociety.ChivalrywasintroducedbytheNormansintoEngland.SirGawainandtheGreenKnight头韵2、传奇ramances：描写骑士的冒险精神和典雅爱情文学。seekadventures,fightingforhislordinbattle,humility,honor,sacrifice,brave,honesty,lovewithwomen三、GeoffreyChaucer(1340-1400)（反封建、反教会、追求个性自由）1、thefatherofEnglishpoetry英国诗歌之父2、purelyEnglish(theLondondialect伦敦方言)3、heroiccouplet英雄双韵体4、Writingstyle: wisdom,humor,humanity.5、代表作：TheCanterburyTales(英国文学史的开端)内容：ThepilgrimsarepeoplefromvariouspartsofEngland,representativesofvariouswalksoflifeandsocialgroups.特点：Eachofthenarratorstellshistaleinapeculiarmanner,thusrevealinghisownviewsandcharacter.Thestorywasendowedwithwhatmedievalromancelacked-interestofcharacteraswellasincident.观点：Hebelievesintherightofmantoearthlyhappiness.Heisanxioustoseemanfreedfromsuperstitionsandablindbeliefinfate.主要故事:①TheKnight’sTale②ThePardoner’sTale③TheMerchant’sTale④TheWifeofBath四、TheRenaissance(16世纪)1、背景：14-17century,aperiodofthebreakingoffeudalrelationsandtheestablishingthefoundationsofcapitalism.Newmonarchy.Itisarevivalofclassicalartsandsciences.2、主要文学成就：Poetry:Wyatt:firsttointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.Sidney Spenser:thepoet’spoet.Drama:Marlowe:blankverse(无韵诗)theprincipalvehicleofexpressionindrama..WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Novels:JohnLyly ThomasLoge ThomasNasheEssays/prose:FrancisBacon(1561-1626)、ThomasMore(1478-1535)3worksofshakespeare:37palys,townarrativepoemsand154sonnetsFirstperiod(1590-1600):comdies: <AsYouLikeIt> 皆大欢喜;<TwelfthNight>第十二夜;<AMidsummerNight ’SDream>仲夏夜之梦;<MerchantOfVenice>威尼斯商人Secondperiod(1601—1608):tragedies<Hamlet> 哈姆莱特;<Othello> 奥赛罗;<KingLear>李尔王;<Macbeth>麦克白学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考Thirdperiod(1609—1612)historiesLyricpoem:Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefggSonnet18:Theme：Thepoetwritesbeautifullyontheconventionalthemethathispoetrywillbringeternitytotheonehelovesandeulogizes.Sonnet29:Theme：①Thepoetcomplainsofhisownmiseriesanddissatisfactioninlifeandthenbecomeshappyuponthethoughtoftheoneheloves②.HereShakespeareissupposedtorevealhisownthoughtsandfeelings,especiallyinthefirstoctet.ThecharacterofHamlet:Hamletwasahumanist,amanwhoisfrommedievalprejudicesandsuperstitions.②Startingfromhishumanistloveofman,heturnstothosearoundhimwiththesameeagerness.Hisintellectualgeniusisoutstanding.Hamlet’smelancholyisnotthenegative,hair-splittingandfruitlesskind.Itisrathertheresultofhispenetratinghabitofmind.五、ThePeriodofRevolutionandRestoration(17C)1、文学特点concernedwiththetremendoussocialupheavals,influencebypuritan.光荣革命意义thesupremacyofparliament,beginningofmodernEngland,finaltriumphofthepoliticalliberty2、代表人物：JohnDonne“metaphysicalpoets玄学A.Metaphysicalpoetryischaracterizedby:verbalwit,irregularrhythms,ingeniousstructureandstrangeimagesor“conceits奇喻”.akindofmetaphorthatmakesacomparisonbetweentwodifferentthings.B.AValediction:ForbiddingMourning意象:compasses、goldenbeaten(金箔)unionofbodyandsoul,physicallyandspirituallyJohnMiltonTheindomitablePuritanspritfindsitsnoblestexpressioninhim.诗歌：ParadiseLost失乐园freedomknowledgeopposetomonarchyParadiseRegained复乐园戏剧：SamsonAgonistes力士参孙Shorterpoems:L‘Allegro IlPenseroso;LycidasComusPrincipalpamphlets:Areopagitica:attacksthecensorshipofthepressandappealsforthefreedomofthepressEikonoklaste:justifiestheexecutionofCharlesIDefensefortheEnglishPeople:adefenseoftheCommonwealthandRevolutionSonnet:OnHisDeceasedWife(唯一的爱情诗)OnHisBlindnessJohnBunyan(1628-1688)班扬:ThePilgrim’sProgress④JohnDryden(1631-1700):critic、poet、playwright六、TheAgeofEnlightenment(18世纪)1、文学特点：Themainliterarystreamofthe18thcenturywasrealism.The18thcenturywasanageofprose.Novelwritingmadeabigadvanceinthiscentury.Inthis学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考stage,stairewasmuchusedinwriting.2.classicism(neoclassicism),(pre-romanticism),(modernnovelandsentimentalism)3.emphsisonreason,order,balanceandharmony.4、文学名人及作品：classicism/neoclassicismRichardSteele：TheSpectatorAddisonPopejohnson②pre-romanticismWilliamBlake :SongofInnocence.London 、TheTiger、TheChimneySweeper均节选自SongofExperience 经验之歌PoeticalSketches 诗的素描 TheBookofThel 塞尔书TheMarriageofHeavenandHellRobertBurns(1759-1796):用苏格兰方言书写,, 著有PoemsChieflyinScottish Dialect 苏格兰方言诗集 <ARed,RedRose>My Heart’sinthenHighlands> <TheTreeOfLiberty>③modernnovelA.realisticnovelDanielDefoe、HenryFielding、JonathanSwiftB.sentimentalismLaurenceSterne:SentimentalJourneyTristramShandyThomasGray:Elegy,WritteninaCountryChurchyard墓园挽歌5、DanielDefoe①英国小说之父RobinsonCrusoe全名:ThelifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoeThewritersoftheEnlightenmentattachedgreatimportancetothemoldingofcharacterandtoeducationthroughtheinfluenceofvariedenvironment.ThecharacterofRobinsonCrusoeisrepresentativeoftheEnglishbourgeoisieattheearlierstagesofitsdevelopment.Heismostpracticalandexact,alwaysreligiousandatthesametimemindfulofhisownprofit.③CaptainSingletonColonelJackMollFlandersAJournalofthePlagueYearRoxana6、HenryFielding:comicEpic喜剧史诗TheHistoryofTomJones,afoundling主要人物：TomJones:frank,kind,disinterested,sterlingSophiaWestern:braveandadmirableBlifil:sly,perfidiousJosephAndrewsthejournalofaVoyagetoLisbonAmelia7、JonathanSwift（irony反讽)ATaleofaTub桶ThebattleoftheBooks书之战TheDrapier’sLetter信AModestProposal建议Gulliver’sTravels格列佛四部分AVoyagetoLilliput/Brobdingnag/Laputa/Houyhnhnms七、1.Theromanticperiod(1798-1832):beginningofwiththepublicationofWordsworth’sLyricalBallads,endingwithWalterScott’sdeath.2.Theme:sensibllity,loveofnature,interestofpast,mysticism,individualism,exotic学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考picture,strong-willedheroes,sometimestheromanticsresorttosymbolism.Andsymbolsareobjectsusedtorepresentabstractideasandconcepts.3.emphaizeonemotion4.historicalbackgrounds:Itwasgreatlyinfluencedbytheindustrialrevolutionandthefrenchrevolution.5.romantucwritersThefirstgenerationromanticwritersBurns Blake----------pre-romantisWordsworth Coleridge--------negtiveThesecondgenerationromanticwritersByron ShelleyandKeats-----activeromanticsHistoricalnovelist-----WalterScott6.WordsworthA..style:simplicityandpurityoflanguageandloveofnatureB.poetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings.<LyricalBallads>抒情歌谣集(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)<IWonderedLonelyAsACloud>/Daffodils/TheDaffodilsTheme:1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheir diverse circumstance.Itisnaturethatgiveshim “strengthandknowledgefullofpeace ”Itisblisstorecallthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.Comment:Thepoetisverycheerful withrecalling thebeautiful sights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature, thereaderispresentedavivid pictureoflively andlovely daffodils( 水仙)andpoet’sphilosophical ideasandmysticalthoughts.②LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey 丁登寺杂咏③Ode:IntimationsofImmortality 不朽颂④TheSolitaryReaper 孤独的割麦女⑤LucyPoems露西⑥<ThePrelude>序曲TheRimeoftheAncientMariner 老