想要一篇关于雪莱诗的论文

PAGEPAGE1想要一篇关于雪莱诗的论文糖糖和胖秘ShelleysPoetryPERCYBYSSHESHELLEY"Ozymandias"SummaryThespeakerrecallshavingmetatraveler"fromanantiqueland,"whotoldhimastoryabouttheruinsofastatueinthedesertofhisnativecountry.Twovastlegsofstonestandwithoutabody,andnearthemamassive,crumblingstoneheadlies"halfsunk"inthesand.Thetravelertoldthespeakerthatthefrownand"sneerofcoldcommand"onthestatuesfaceindicatethatthesculptorunderstoodwellthepassionsofthestatuessubject,amanwhosneeredwithcontemptforthoseweakerthanhimself,yetfedhispeoplebecauseofsomethinginhisheart("Thehandthatmockedthemandtheheartthatfed").Onthepedestalofthestatueappearthewords:"MynameisOzymandias,kingofkings:/Lookonmyworks,yeMighty,anddespair!"Butaroundthedecayingruinofthestatue,nothingremains,onlythe"loneandlevelsands,"whichstretchoutaroundit,faraway.Form"Ozymandias"isasonnet,afourteen-linepoemmeterediniambicpentameter.Therhymeschemeissomewhatunusualforasonnetofthisera;itdoesnotfitaconventionalPetrarchanpattern,butinsteadinterlinkstheoctave(atermforthefirsteightlinesofasonnet)withthesestet(atermforthelastsixlines),bygraduallyreplacingoldrhymeswithnewonesintheformABABACDCEDEFEF.CommentaryThissonnetfrom1817isprobablyShelleysmostfamousandmostanthologizedpoem--whichissomewhatstrange,consideringthatitisinmanywaysanatypicalpoemforShelley,andthatittoucheslittleuponthemostimportantthemesinhisoeuvreatlarge(beauty,expression,love,imagination).Still,"Ozymandias"isamasterfulsonnet.Essentiallyitisdevotedtoasinglemetaphor:theshattered,ruinedstatueinthedesertwasteland,withitsarrogant,passionatefaceandmonomaniacalinscription("Lookonmyworks,yeMighty,anddespair!").Theonce-greatkingsproudboasthasbeenironicallydisproved;Ozymandiassworkshavecrumbledanddisappeared,hiscivilizationisgone,allhasbeenturnedtodustbytheimpersonal,indiscriminate,destructivepowerofhistory.Theruinedstatueisnowmerelyamonumenttoonemanshubris,andapowerfulstatementabouttheinsignificanceofhumanbeingstothepassageoftime.Ozymandiasisfirstandforemostametaphorfortheephemeralnatureofpoliticalpower,andinthatsensethepoemisShelleysmostoutstandingpoliticalsonnet,tradingthespecificrageofapoemlike"Englandin1819"forthecrushingimpersonalmetaphorofthestatue.ButOzymandiassymbolizesnotonlypoliticalpower--thestatuecanbeametaphorfortheprideandhubrisofallofhumanity,inanyofitsmanifestations.ItissignificantthatallthatremainsofOzymandiasisaworkofartandagroupofwords;asShakespearedoesinthesonnets,Shelleydemonstratesthatartandlanguagelongoutlasttheotherlegaciesofpower.Ofcourse,itisShelleysbrilliantpoeticrenderingofthestory,andnotthesubjectofthestoryitself,whichmakesthepoemsomemorable.Framingthesonnetasastorytoldtothespeakerby"atravellerfromanantiqueland"enablesShelleytoaddanotherlevelofobscuritytoOzymandiasspositionwithregardtothereader--ratherthanseeingthestatuewithourowneyes,sotospeak,wehearaboutitfromsomeonewhoheardaboutitfromsomeonewhohasseenit.Thustheancientkingisrenderedevenlesscommanding;thedistancingofthenarrativeservestounderminehispoweroverusjustascompletelyashasthepassageoftime.Shelleysdescriptionofthestatueworkstoreconstruct,gradually,thefigureofthe"kingofkings":firstweseemerelythe"shatteredvisage,"thenthefaceitself,withits"frown/Andwrinkledlipandsneerofcoldcommand";thenweareintroducedtothefigureofthesculptor,andareabletoimaginethelivingmansculptingthelivingking,whosefaceworetheexpressionofthepassionsnowinferable;thenweareintroducedtothekingspeopleintheline,"thehandthatmockedthemandtheheartthatfed."Thekingdomisnowimaginativelycomplete,andweareintroducedtotheextraordinary,pridefulboastoftheking:"Lookonmyworks,yeMighty,anddespair!"Withthat,thepoetdemolishesourimaginarypictureoftheking,andinterposescenturiesofruinweenitandus:"Lookonmyworks,yeMighty,anddespair!/Nothingbesideremains.Roundthedecay/Ofthatcolossalwreck,boundlessandbare,/Theloneandlevelsandsstretchfaraway."ShelleysPoetryPERCYBYSSHESHELLEY"OdetotheWestWind"SummaryThespeakerinvokesthe"wildWestWind"ofautumn,whichscattersthedeadleavesandspreadsseedssothattheymaybenurturedbythespring,andasksthatthewind,a"destroyerandpreserver,"hearhim.Thespeakercallsthewindthe"dirge/Ofthedyingyear,"anddescribeshowitstirsupviolentstorms,andagainimploresittohearhim.ThespeakersaysthatthewindstirstheMediterraneanfrom"hissummerdreams,"andcleavestheAtlanticintochoppychasms,makingthe"saplessfoliage"oftheoceantremble,andasksforathirdtimethatithearhim.Thespeakersaysthatifhewereadeadleafthatthewindcouldbear,oraclouditcouldcarry,orawaveitcouldpush,orevenifhewere,asaboy,"thecomrade"ofthewinds"wanderingoverheaven,"thenhewouldneverhaveneededtopraytothewindandinvokeitspowers.Hepleadswiththewindtolifthim"asawave,aleaf,acloud!"--forthoughheislikethewindatheart,untamableandproud--heisnowchainedandbowedwiththeweightofhishoursupontheearth.Thespeakerasksthewindto"makemethylyre,"tobehisownSpirit,andtodrivehisthoughtsacrosstheuniverse,"likewitheredleaves,toquickenanewbirth."Heasksthewind,bytheincantationofthisverse,toscatterhiswordsamongmankind,tobethe"trumpetofaprophecy."Speakingbothinregardtotheseasonandinregardtotheeffectuponmankindthathehopeshiswordstohave,thespeakerasks:"Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?"FormEachofthesevenpartsof"OdetotheWestWind"containsfivestanzas--fourthree-linestanzasandatwo-linecouplet,allmeterediniambicpentameter.Therhymeschemeineachpartfollowsapatternknownasterzarima,thethree-linerhymeschemeemployedbyDanteinhisDivineComedy.Inthethree-lineterzarimastanza,thefirstandthirdlinesrhyme,andthemiddlelinedoesnot;thentheendsoundofthatmiddlelineisemployedastherhymeforthefirstandthirdlinesinthenextstanza.Thefinalcoupletrhymeswiththemiddlelineofthelastthree-linestanza.Thuseachofthesevenpartsof"OdetotheWestWind"followsthisscheme:ABABCBCDCDEDEE.CommentaryThewispy,fluidterzarimaof"OdetotheWestWind"findsShelleytakingalongthematicleapbeyondthescopeof"HymntoIntellectualBeauty,"andincorporatinghisownartintohismeditationonbeautyandthenaturalworld.Shelleyinvokesthewindmagically,describingitspoweranditsroleasboth"destroyerandpreserver,"andasksthewindtosweephimoutofhistorpor"asawave,aleaf,acloud!"Inthefifthsection,thepoetthentakesaremarkableturn,transformingthewindintoametaphorforhisownart,theexpressivecapacitythatdrives"deadthoughts"like"witheredleaves"overtheuniverse,to"quickenanewbirth"--thatis,toquickenthecomingofthespring.Herethespringseasonisametapho