2023年考研考博考博英语南京大学考试高频考点参考题库答案

2023年考研考博考博英语南京大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题

Stanleywas（）bywhatIhadsaidandwhenIrealizedthis,Iapologizedtohimforbeingsotactless.问题1选项A.woundedB.frustratedC.resentedD.offended2.单选题Donorfatigueand（）ofthecountry’spovertyarenowcausingthosehopestowither.问题1选项A.expenditureB.extremityC.wreckageD.supremacy3.单选题Astheworld’slargestgrainexporter,theUnitedStateshas（

）powerovertheworldfooddistributionsystem.问题1选项A.assortedB.unrivaledC.compoundedD.intrigued4.单选题Theteacherwantedtomakethestudentsrealizethatreadinggoodliteratureisagoodwaytobroadentheir（）.问题1选项A.visionB.horizonC.scopeD.expansion5.单选题

Mr.Smithbecamevery（

）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant6.单选题Anoisyaggressivecousinofthecrow,themagpiehasthosebird’sthievishhabits.问题1选项A.AnoisyB.aggressiveC.thoseD.habits7.单选题

Parentswithonlyonechildtendtohavehigheracademic（）fortheirchild.问题1选项A.ambitionsB.intentionsC.propositionsD.aspirations8.单选题Einsteinwasamandeeply（）totheidealofthemorallyresponsiblescientist.问题1选项A.affectedB.committedC.subjectedD.maintained9.单选题

Themedicine（

）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.问题1选项A.activatedB.alleviatedC.mediatedD.deteriorated10.单选题Practicallyspeaking,theartisticmaturingofthecinemawasthesingle-handedachievementofDavidW•Griffith.BeforeGriffith,photographyindramaticfilmsconsistedoflittlemorethanplacingtheactorsbeforeastationarycameraandshowingtheminfulllengthastheywouldhaveappearedonstage.Fromthebeginningofhiscareerasadirector,however,Griffith,becauseofhisloveofVictorianpainting,employedcomposition.Heconceivedofthecameraimageashavingaforegroundandarearground,aswellasthemiddledistancepreferredbymostdirectors.By1910hewasusingclose-upstorevealsignificantdetailsofthesceneoroftheactingandextremelongshotstoachieveasenseofspectacleanddistance.Hisappreciationofthecamera’spossibilitiesproducednoveldramaticeffects.Bysplittinganeventintofragmentsandrecordingeachfromthemostsuitablecameraposition,hecouldsignificantlyvarytheemphasisfromcamerashottocamerashot.Griffithalsoachieveddramaticeffectsbymeansofcreativeediting.Byputtingimagestogetherandvaryingthespeedandrhythmoftheirpresentation,hecouldcontrolthedramaticintensityoftheeventsasthestoryprogressed.Despitethereluctanceofhisproducers,whofearedthatthepublicwouldnotbeabletofollowaplotthatwasmadeupofsuchjuxtaposedimages,Griffithpersisted,andexperimentedaswellwithotherelementsofcinematicsyntaxthathavebecomestandardeversince.Theseincludedtheflashback,permittingbroadpsychologicalandemotionalexplorationaswellasnarrativethatwasnotchronological,andthecrosscutbetweentwoparallelactionstoheightensuspenseandexcitement.Inthusexploitingfullythepossibilitiesofediting,Griffithtransposeddevicesofthevictoriannoveltofilmandgavefilmmasteryo£timeaswellasspace.Besidesdevelopingthecinema’slanguage,Griffithimmenselybroadeneditsrangeandtreatmentofsubjects.Hisearlyoutputwasremarkablyeclectic:itincludednotonlythestandardcomedies,melodramas,westerns,andthrillers,butalsosuchnoveltiesasadaptationsfromBrowningandTennyson,andtreatmentsofsocialissues.Ashissuccessesmounted,hisambitionsgrew,andwiththemthewholeofAmericancinema.WhenheremadeEnochArdenin1911,heinsistedthatasubjectofsuchimportancecouldnotbetreatedinthethenconventionallengthofonereel.Griffith’sintroductiono£theAmerican-mademultireelpicturebegananimmenserevolution.Twoyearslater,JudithofBethulia,anelaboratehistoricophilosophicalspectacle,reachedtheunprecedentedlengthoffourreels,oronehour’srunningtime.Fromourcontemporaryviewpoint,thepretensionsofthisfilmmayseematrifleludicrous,butatthetimeitprovokedendlessdebateanddiscussionandgaveanewintellectualrespectabilitytothecinema.1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbefore1910thenormalrunningtimeofafilmwas（）.3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatGriffithwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?问题1选项A.discusstheimportanceofGriffithtothedevelopmentofthecinemaB.describetheimpactoncinemaoftheflashbackandothereditinginnovationsC.deplorethestateofAmericancinemabeforetheadventofGriffithD.documentGriffith’simpactonthechoiceofsubjectmatterinAmericanfilms问题2选项A.15minutesorlessB.between15and30minutesC.between30and45minutesD.between45minutesand1hour问题3选项A.Thegooddirectorwillattempttoexplorenewideasasquicklyaspossible.B.Thecameramustbeconsideredanintegralandactiveelementinthecreationofafilm.C.Thecinemashouldemphasizeseriousandsoberexaminationsoffundamentalhumanproblems.D.Thepropercompositionofscenesinafilmismoreimportantthanthedetailsoftheirediting.问题4选项A.sympatheticB.amusedC.hostileD.condescending11.单选题Hisfamilywatcheduntiltheplane（）behindtheclouds.问题1选项A.lostB.escapedC.fledD.vanished12.单选题Maisiehadalwaysthoughtofherselfasbeingshyand（）,andwassurprisedthatanyoneshouldaskheropinion.问题1选项A.stutteringB.scatteringC.inarticulateD.inexpressive13.单选题（）acontinuousmassofwaterontheEarth’ssurface,allcontinentsareislandsinthestrictsenseoftheword.问题1选项A.TheformoftheoceansB.SincetheoceansformC.ToformtheoceansD.Thattheoceansform14.单选题Althoughthistheorywasneverrigidlydisproved,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandoned（）theopposingview.问题1选项A.infavorofB.inplaceofC.insteadofD.intermsof15.单选题TheinternationalOlympicGames,regardedastheworld’smostprestigiousathleticcompetition,takeplaceonceeverythefouryears.问题1选项A.regardedB.prestigiousC.takeplaceD.thefouryears16.翻译题1.科学家是一小群努力洞悉自然,在表面的杂乱无序中寻求规律的人,他们具有特殊的能力进行思考与分析,具有无限的耐心进行观察与收集数据。2.当时我们所面临的最关键的问题是熟练劳动力的缺乏,用以培训这种劳动力的大学师资不足,以及我们的大学中由于用于教育和科研的师资和现代化设备短缺造成的研究能力衰退。3.科学是讲求实际的。科学是老老实实的学问,来不得半点虚假,需要付出艰巨的劳动。同时,科学也需要创造,需要幻想,有幻想才能打破传统的束缚,才能发展科学。4.如果你着手干一番事业而失败了,不要丧失信心。“我失败了三次”与“我是一个失败者”之间有着天壤之别。只要你对自己不持否定的想法,不把自己与失败等同起来,而是试图从失败中吸取教训,你很可能在未来取得成功。

17.单选题ThedeathofhisfathergavehimaWholenew（）onlife：nowhespendsmoretimewithhisfamily.问题1选项A.perspectiveB.euphemismC.conformationD.providence18.单选题Manypeopledreadgoingonforeignassignments一sometimesevenbeforethey’vegoneonone.Theyhearstoriesabouthowexhaustinganddisorientingbusinesstravelcanbe.Theyworryaboutgettingsick,gettinglonely,orgettingkilled.They’reafraidtheywon’tbelikedorthattheywon’tsucceed.Butthefactisthatformanypeopleaforeignassignmentcanbetheopportunityandthrillofalifetime.TheWallStreetJournalreportsthestoryofJohnAliberti,whohadspenthiscareerworkingtobecomeamidlevelmanagerforUnionSwitchinPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Alibertiseemedlikeanoddchoiceforanoverseasassignment:Hehadnoexperienceininternationaltravelandbusiness.ButwhenhewaschosentorepresentthecompanyastechnicalexpertandrepresentativeinChina,Alibertirespondedwithenthusiasm:“Backhome,theworkwedo,it’sbeendonefordecades.InChinayou’rebreakingnewground.It’samilestoneinthehistoryoftheworld.”ByviewinghisChinaassignmentasanexcitingadventure,Alibertilargelybypassedthenegativeeffectsofcultureshock.AccordingtotheWallStreetJournal,“Thecrowdsandchaoticlinesdon’tfazehim.Hebecomesanimatedtellingstoriesoflongtraintripstoout-of-the-waycitieslikeNanchang,whereUnionSwitchishelpingtobuildarailroadyard...”Aliberti’senthusiasticattitudeandhisactiveinterestinlearningaboutthecultureandbusinesspracticesinChinahavehelpedhimbecomeacentralfigureinhiscompany’sChinaoperations.HisjobinPittsburghistworungsbelowvicepresident.InChina,accordingtohisboss,“HeactslikeapresidentorCEO.That’sgottoturnhimon.”1.JohnAlibertiseemedHkeanoddchoiceforoverseasassignmentbecause（）.2.“Alibertilargelybypassedthenegativeeffectsofcultureshock.”“Bypass”（Para.3）means3.ThefollowingstatementsarecorrectaboutJohnAlibertiexcept（）.4.ThestoryofJohnAlibertitellsusthat（）.

问题1选项A.heisthemostexperiencedmemberofthecompanyB.hehasbeentoChinamanytimesC.hasbeenpromotedtothetop-levelpositionofthecompanyD.hehaslittleexperienceintravelingabroad问题2选项A.ignoreB.passawayC.avoidD.shortcut问题3选项A.heisgoodatsellinghisexperienceoftravelinginChinaB.heistroubledbythecrowdsandconfusedtransportationinChinaC.heisexcitedabouttravelingaroundChinaD.heisbreakingnewgroundforhiscompany问题4选项A.cultureshockiseasytodealwithB.manypeopledreadgoingonbusinessC.thetransportationofChinaisconfusedtoforeignersD.youcandealwithcultureshockwellwithanactiveinterestinlearningabouttheculture19.单选题

Putondarkglassesorthesunwill（

）youandyouwon’tbeabletosee.问题1选项A.discernB.distortC.distractD.dazzle20.单选题Competition,theybelieve,（

）thenationalcharacterthancorruptit.问题1选项A.enforcesB.confirmsC.intensifiesD.strengthens第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。Wound“伤害，使受伤”；frustrate“挫败，阻挠”；resent“怨恨，愤恨”；offend“冒犯”。句意：斯坦利对我的话感到了被冒犯，当我意识到这一点，我为我的不得体向他道歉。2.【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。expenditure“支出”；extremity“极端”；wreckage“残骸”；supremacy“至高无上”。句意：捐赠者的疲倦和这个国家的极端贫困导致希望越来越渺茫。选项B符合题意。3.【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。Assorted“各种各样的”；unrivaled“至高无上的,无敌的”；compounded“复合的,”intrigued“好奇的，被迷住的”。句意：美国作为世界上最大的粮食出口国，对世界粮食分配系统有着最高的权利。选项B符合题意。4.【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。vision“幻觉”;horizon“眼界，地平线”;scope“范围”;expansion“扩充”。句意：这位老师想让学生们意识到读一些好的文学作品是开阔视野的一个好的方法。选项B符合题意。5.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。形容词词义辨折。ingenious“有独创性的，机灵的”；empirical“经验主义的”；objective“客观的”；indignant“愤愤不平的”。句意：当被指出犯了错误时，史密斯先生感到很气愤。选项D符合题意。6.【答案】A【解析】根据题意，如果noisy和aggressive是并列的关系，共同修饰cousin，那么应该用and来连接，所以noisy应该用来修饰aggressive，改为noisily副词形式，句意：喜鹊是乌鸦吵闹好斗的近亲，也有鸟那种偷偷摸摸的习性。选项A符合题意。7.【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。ambition“野心”；intention“目的”；proposition“提议”；aspiration“抱负”。句意：只有一个孩子的父母对他们孩子的学业有更高的期望。选项A符合题意。8.【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。affect“影响”；commit“承诺”；subject“使服从”,maintain“维修”。爱因斯坦是一个决心成为有责任感的科学家的人。选项B符合题意。9.【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。activate“刺激，激活”；mediate“调停”；deteriorate“恶化”，alleviate“减轻”。句意：这种药物减轻了他的痛苦，但是没有治愈他。选项B符合题意。10.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.主旨题。文章主要讲述了格里菲斯电影事业的成就，以及对电影行业做出的贡献，带来了一系列重大的影响。选项A符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“WhenheremadeEnochArdenin1911，heinsistedthatasubjectofsuchimportancecouldnotbetreatedinthethenconventionallengthofonereel”，1910年前，只需要一个卷盘的长度，根据后文可知。两年后，电影可以放四个卷盘的长度，为一个小时，所以一个卷盘大概是15分钟。选项A符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第一段，格里菲斯对电影镜头进行了改变，改固定的镜头拍摄为特写镜头和全景镜头，可以获得更好的戏剧效果，所以照相机在电影拍摄过程中是一个整体的有效的因素。选项B符合题意。4.主旨题，推测作者的意图和态度。根据文章第一段，在格里菲斯之前，戏剧电影的拍摄都是对着固定的摄像头的，演员全身出境，随后格里菲斯进行了改革创造，作者对其表示赞赏。所以，作者认为格里菲斯前的电影拍得不好，表现出一种居高临下的态度。选项D符合题意。11.【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。lose“使迷路，遗失”；escape“逃跑,逃避”；flee“逃走”；vanish“消失”。句意：他的家人们看着飞机直到它消失在云后。选项D符合题意。12.【答案】C【解析】形容词词义解析。stuttering“口吃，结巴”；scattering“分散的”；inarticulate“不善于表达的”；inexpressive“无表情的，无意义的”。句意：梅齐认为她是害羞而且不善表达的人，惊讶的是，竟然有人会问她的意见。选项C符合题意。13.【答案】B【解析】语法知识。考查状语从句，前半句是一个since引导的时间状语从句。句意“自从海洋在地球表面形成了一块整体的水域，所有的大洲从严格意义上来说都是岛屿。选项B符合题意。14.【答案】A【解析】介词词组辨析。infavorof“赞同，支持”；inplaceof“代替”；insteadof“代替，而不是……”；intermsof“在……方面”。句意：尽管这一理论没有被严格地被反驳过，但是教条会被抛弃，而转向它的对立面。选项A符合题意。15.【答案】D【解析】固定短语错误，选项D应该是everyfouryears“每四年”，句意：国际奥林匹克运动会，被认为是最著名的运动竞赛，每四年举办一次。选项D符合题意。16.【答案】1.Scientistsareagroupofpeoplewhopossessspecialabilitiestothinkandanalyzethingsandhaveendlesspatienceinobservinganddatacollecting.Theyalltrytodiscernthenatureandfindoutregulationsthroughthedisorderlyappearance.2.Themostvitalproblemswefacedwithatthattimeweretheshortageoflaborers,thelackofuniversityteachersinthetrainingofthoselaborers,andthedeclineintheresearchingcapabilitycausedbythelackofuniversityteachersandmodernequipmentusedforeducationandtechnologyresearch.3.Sciencealwaysfocusesonrealities.Itneedstheconscientiousrequirementforknowledgeandpermitsofnofalse.Meanwhile,itinvolvespeople’screationandimagination.Andimaginationcanbreakthelimitationoftraditionsanddevelopthescienceconstantly.4.Don’tbedisappointedifyoufailinthecareeryouhavedone.Theword“Ihaveexperiencedfailureforthreetimes”isabsolutelydifferentfromtheword“Iamaloser”.Aslongasyoudon’tdenyyourself,donotidentifyyourselfwiththefailure,andtrytolearnsomethingfromyourfailure,youwillbelikelytosucceedinthefuture.17.【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。perspective“观点”；euphemism“委婉语”；conformation“构造”；providence“天意，深谋远虑”。句意：他父亲的死亡给了他一个对生活的新观点：现在他要花更多的时间在家庭上。选项A符合题意。18.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句。选项D符合题意。2.词汇推断题。根据第三段第一句，句意：阿利伯蒂把他在中国的任务看作是一次激动人心的冒险，在很大程度上避开了文化冲击的负面影响。选项C符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第二段最后一句，他想在中国开拓一个新的领域，这是一个里程碑。但是B选项提及了他的负面情绪，与文章不符。选项B符合题意。4.推断题。文章主要是选取了Aliberti的例子说明了在国外工作和生活也是有趣的，应该积极地去享受。所以鼓励大家去感受这样的文化冲击。选项D符合题意。19.【答案】D【解析】考查形近义异词解析。discern“辨别，看清楚”;distort“扭曲，曲解”；distract“转移，分心”；dazzle“使……目眩，使……眼花”。句子的意思为：戴上太阳眼镜，否则阳光很刺眼，会让你看不见任何东西。选项D符合题意20.【答案】D【解析】考查近义动词词义辨析。enforce“强迫，强制”，confirm“确定”，intensify“使变得更强烈”，strengthen“增强力量”。句意：他们相信竞争能增强民族性，而不是使民族堕落。选项D符合题意。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Oftensuchargumentshavetheeffectof（

）ratherthanclarifyingtheissuesinvolved.问题1选项A.obscuringB.prejudicingC.tacklingD.blocking2.单选题IfCatlinwasthepainteroftheAmericanIndian,andBierstadttheportrayeroftheRockyMountains,theartistoftheWesterncowboysandsettlerswasFredericRemington.BominCanton,NewYork,thesonofawealthypublisher,RemingtonwasaboxerandafootballplayeratYale—thelastnameonewouldexpecttobecometheartistoftheOldWest.Butasaboyhelovedhorses,andfedonthejournalsofGeorgeCatlinandLewisandClark.Attheageofnineteen,heleftcollegetolookforadventure.HetraveledfromMontanatoTexas,asacowpuncherandprospector.Remingtonhadalwaysbeeninterestedinjournalism.Nowhebegantowritedown,andtopaintandsketchwhathesaw.Thesubjectof“WinningoftheWest”sofascinatedtheEastthatmagazinesandnewspaperswerecrammedwithaccountsoftheprospector’sadventures,andofbattleswithrustlersandotherout-laws—allthetalesthatwerethennewsandhavesincebecomelegendsinAmericanhistory.TherearealsostoriescontributedbyBretHarte,RichardHardingDavis,JoaquinMiller,andmanymore.OftenthesewereillustratedbysketchesandpaintingsfromRemington’shand,butitwasasasculptorthatRemingtonwasthegreatestartist.1.Thewriter’spurposeinthepassageisto（）.2.Bierstadt’srelationshiptotheRockyMountaincanbecomparedtothatRemington’sto（）3.Duringhisyouth,Remingtonreadthewritingsof（）.4.Remingtonbasedhisartonthe（）问题1选项A.compareRemingtonwithCatlinandBierstadtB.showhowthenewsstoriesofoneagebecomethelegendsofthenextC.describethemajorworksofRemingtonD.outlineRemington’scareer问题2选项A.NewYorkB.YaleUniversityC.thestoriesofBretHarteD.thecowboysoftheWest问题3选项A.HartB.CatlinC.BierstadtD.Miller问题4选项A.storieshereadinnewspapersB.thingshehadseenandexperiencedC.paintingshecopiedfromCatlinandBierstadtD.principleshehadlearnedatYale3.单选题Alwayssincethecreationofcelluloid,plasticshavebeenfoundtohaveamultitudeofindustrialandcommercialuses.问题1选项A.AlwaysB.plasticsC.tohaveD.amultitudeof4.单选题WhatwetodaycallAmericanfolkartwas,indeed,artof,by,andforordinary,everyday“folks”who,withincreasingprosperityandleisure,createdamarketforartofallkinds,andespeciallyforportraits.Citizensofprosperous,essentiallymiddle-classrepublics—whetherancientRomans,seventeenth-centuryDutchburghers,ornineteenth-centuryAmericans—havealwaysshownamarkedtasteforportraiture.Startinginthelateeighteenthcentury,theUnitedStatescontainedincreasingnumbersofsuchpeople,andoftheartistswhocouldmeettheirdemands.TheearliestAmericanfolkartportraitscome,notsurprisingly,fromNewEngland—especiallyConnecticutandMassachusetts-forthiswasawealthyandpopulousregionandthecenterofastrongcrafttradition.WithinafewdecadesafterthesigningoftheDeclarationofIndependencein1776,thepopulationwaspushingwestward,andportraitpainterscouldbefoundatworkinwesternNewYork,Ohio,Kentucky,Illinois,andMissouri.Midwaythroughitsfirstcenturyasanation,theUnitedStates’populationhadincreasedroughlyfivetimes,andelevennewstateshadbeenaddedtotheoriginalthirteen.Duringtheseyearsthedemandforportraitsgrewandgrew,eventuallytobesatisfiedbythecamera.In1839thedaguerreotypewasintroducedtoAmerica,usheringintheageofphotography,andwithinagenerationthenewinventionputanendtothepopularityofpaintedportraits.Onceagainanoriginalportraitbecamealuxury,commissionedbythewealthyandexecutedbytheprofessional.Butintheheydayofportraitpainting—fromthelateeighteenthcenturyuntilthe1850’s—anyonewithamodicumofartisticabilitycouldbecomealimner,assuchaportraitistwascalled.Localcraftspeople一sign,coach,andhousepainters一begantopaintportraitsasaprofitablesideline;sometimesatalentedmanorwomanwhobeganbysketchingfamilymembersgainedalocalreputationandwasbesiegedwithrequestsforportraits;artistsfounditworththeirwhiletopacktheirpaints,canvases,andbrushesandtotravelthecountryside,oftencombininghousedecoratingwithportraitpainting.1.InLines3-5theauthormentionsseventeenth-centuryDutchburghersasanexampleofagroupthat（

）2.Accordingtothepassage，whereweremanyofthefirstAmericanfolkartportraitspainted?（

）3.Theword“this”inLine8refersto（

）4.Thephrase“usheringin”inLine14isclosestinmeaningto（

）5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcontributedtoadeclineinthedemandforpaintportraits?（

）问题1选项A.consistedmainlyofself-taughtartists.B.appreciatedportraits.C.influencedAmericanfolkart.D.hadlittletimeforthearts.问题2选项A.InwesternNewYork.B.InIllinoisandMissouri.C.InConnecticutandMassachusetts.D.InOhio.问题3选项A.astrongcrafttradition.B.Americanfolkart.C.NewEngland.D.westernNewYork.问题4选项A.beginning.B.demanding.C.publishing.D.increasing.问题5选项A.Thelackofastrongcrafttradition.B.Thewestwardmigrationofmanypainters.C.Thegrowingpreferenceforlandscapepaintings.D.Theinventionofthecamera.5.单选题

Newtechnologyismakingthetraditionalfarmingmachineryandmethods（）.问题1选项A.efficientB.emergentC.obsoleteD.nostalgic6.单选题

Asa（

）actor,hecanperform,sing,danceandplayseveralkindsofmusicalinstruments.问题1选项A.flexibleB.versatileC.sophisticatedD.productive7.单选题Adealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide一thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthat（1）doesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessinvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positive（2）thatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Actually,therearereasonstobe（3）.Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmore（4）,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess—afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotential（5）thereare.Moreandmoreenterprises,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleft（6）,wanttospreadinternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolfor（7）worldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave,butithasbigpotential.To（8）advantageofthistool,somepoorcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudices（9）respecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryof（10）(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure—concerningroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon—werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.问题1选项A.divideB.informationC.worldD.lecture问题2选项A.forcesB.obstaclesC.eventsD.surprises问题3选项A.negativeB.optimisticC.pleasantD.disappointed问题4选项A.developedB.centralizedC.realizedD.commercialized问题5选项A.usersB.producersC.customersD.citizens问题6选项A.awayB.forC.asideD.behind问题7选项A.containingB.preventingC.keepingD.combating问题8选项A.bringB.keepC.holdD.take问题9选项A.atB.withC.ofD.for问题10选项A.constructionB.facilityC.infrastructureD.institution8.单选题Jeanholdsvery（）opinionsaboutfood;shewon’teatanythingneworforeign.问题1选项A.awesomeB.conventionalC.consistentD.condimental9.单选题ThestatusofwomenincolonialNorthAmericahasbeenwellstudiedanddescribedandcanbebrieflysummarized.Throughoutthecolonialperiodtherewasamarkedshortageofwomen,whichvariedwiththeregionsandwasalwaysgreatestinthefrontierareas.Thisfavorableratioenhancedwomen’sstatusandpositionandallowedthemtopursuedifferentcareers.ThePuritans,thereligioussectthatdominatedtheearlyBritishcoloniesinNorthAmerica,regardedidlenessasasin,andbelievedthatlifeinanunderdevelopedcountrymadeitabsolutelynecessarythateachmemberofthecommunityperformaneconomicfunction.Thusworkforwomen,marriedorsingle,wasnotonlyapproved,itwasregardedasacivicduty.Puritantowncouncilsexpectedwidowsandunattachedwomentobeself-supportingandforalongtimeprovidedneedyspinsterswithparcelsofland.Therewasnosocialsanctionagainstmarriedwomenworking；onthecontrary,wiveswereexpectedtohelptheirhusbandsintheirtradeandwonsocialapprovalfordoingextraworkinoroutofthehome.Needychildren,girlsaswellasboys,wereindenturedorapprenticedandwereexpectedtoworkfortheirkeep.Thevastmajorityo£womenworkedwithintheirhomes,wheretheirlaborproducedmostarticlesneededforthefamily.Theentirecolonialproductionofclothandclothingandpartiallythatofshoeswasinthehandsofwomen.Inadditiontotheseoccupations,womenwerefoundinmanydifferentkindsofemployment.Theywerebutchers,silversmiths,gunsmiths,upholsterers.Theytanmills,plantations,tanyards,shipyards,andeverykindofshop,tavern,andboardinghouse.Theyweregatekeepers,jailkeepers,sextons,journalists,printers,apothecaries,midwives,nurses,andteachers.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthePuritanwere（）.3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidthePuritansexpectfrommarriedwomen?4.Accordingtothepassage,whichproductsweremadeentirelybywomen?问题1选项A.Colonialmarriages.B.ThePuritanreligion.C.Colonialwomen’semployment.D.Educationinthecolonies.问题2选项A.uneducatedB.hardworkingC.generousD.wealthy问题3选项A.Theyshouldadoptneedychildren.B.Theyshouldassistintheirhusbands’tradeorbusiness.C.Theyshouldworkonlywithintheirownhomes.D.Theyshouldbeapprenticed.问题4选项A.Gunpowderandbullets.B.Cupsandplates.C.Clothandclothing.D.Paperandbooks10.单选题Theanimaldissectionrequirementofbiologyclasseshasbeengettingundertheskinofstudentsforgenerations,andtherehavealwaysbeensomewhoaskedtobeexcusedfromtherequirement.Now,agrowingnumberoftechnologicalalternativesaremakingitpossibleforstudentstoswapthatscalpelforacomputermouse.Therearelawsinnearlyadozenstates—includingCalifornia,Florida,NewYork—protectingastudent’schoicetolearnaboutanimalanatomysansscalpel.Somestudentschoosingtooptoutfeelweshouldbekindertoourweb-footedfriends.Othersarejustqueasyatthethoughtofrubberyfrogbodiesandthesmellofformaldehyde.“Dissectionisicky.There’sayuckfactor.”admitsBrianShmaersky,aboardmemberwiththeNationalAssociationofBiologyTeachers.“Andateacherhastoweighthebenefitswiththecostofstudentsbeingoffendedtothepointthatitinterfereswithlearning.”Virtualblades.Soforcasesinwhicharealdissectionwouldbetooslimy,it’stimetotrysometoadtech.Whilethefirstcomputer-basedalternativestodissectionemergedinthe1980s,modemfrogdissectionsoftwarecanbefoundatdifferentwebsites.Thesesoftwareprogramsusecreativeclicking,high-poweredzoomfunctions,andvideoclipstoteachanatomy.Frogutssoftware,forexample,letsstudentstraceincisionlineswithacomputermouseandsnipthroughskinwithavirtualblade.Thereareevensoundeffectslikea“slish”forslicingfrogflesh,ora“shwoosh”forpinningdownskinflaps.(Schoolscurrentlypayabout$300foraone-yearsoftwarelicense,thoughsomeorganizationswilllendprogramsoutfreeofcharge.)Earlierthisyear,agraduatestudentfromSimonFraserUniversityinVancouverdesignedthefirst-everhaptic(theGreekwordfor“touch”)frogdissectionprogram,whichusesapenliketooltocreateasensationsimilartocuttingintorealflesh.Thehand-helddeviceconnectstoacomputer,andstudentsmovethedevicethroughtheairwhilewatchingtheresultsoftheiractionsonacomputerscreen.WithDigitalFrog—apopularprogramthat’shadapproximately1,500frogdemodownloadssinceJanuaryandiscurrentlyinusein2,000schools—studentscanaddorsubtractthoseamphibiousorganswithameremouseclick.Theycanthenassesstheirlearningwithsporadicfroganatomyquizzes.“Repetitionishelpful.Thefactthatastudentcanreviewsectionsofaprogramoverandoveragainisimportant,”saysMartinStephens,vicepresidentforanimalresearchissuesattheHumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStates.“Indissections,theanimal’sorgansareallshriveledanddiscolored.Youlookforthingsandcan’tfindthembecausebodypartshavechangeddrasticallysincetheanimalwaskilled.Butonacomputerscreen,layerscanbedigitallypeeledaway.”Otherexpertsthinkthedissectiontechnologyhasitslimits.GerryWheeler,executivedirectoroftheNationalScienceTeachersAssociation,say