2023年考研考博考博英语北京大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语北京大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题（）sermonsretainedtheirpreeminenceinreligiouslifeduringmostofthetwentiethcentury,theyaregraduallylosingthatcentralplacesaschurchesdevotemoreenergytosocialactivities.问题1选项A.AsB.ForC.WhileD.Although2.单选题Theorganizationissuedacryofalarmlastweek,citing"()evidence"thatthosechildrenarenotreceivingthesamequalityofeducationastheirricherpeers.问题1选项A.comparingB.completingC.compellingD.composing3.单选题commutationviathetelegraphbeganinthe1840s,justbeforetheCivilWar,andviathetelephonejustafterward(1870s).问题1选项A.InstantaneousB.SpontaneousC.SimultaneousD.Instinctive4.问答题(1)AstudypresentedlastweekattheAmericanHeartAssociationmeetingsuggeststhatmentalrelaxationproducedbymeditationmayhavephysiologicalbenefits,atleastinthecaseofpeoplewithestablishedcoronaryarterydisease.Researchersfollowedabout200high-riskpatientsforanaverageoffiveyears.Amongthe100whomeditated,therewere20heartattacks,strokesanddeaths；inthecomparisongroup,therewere32.(2)Themeditatorstendedtoremaindisease-freelongerandalsoreducedtheirbloodpressure.“Wefoundreducedbloodpressurethatwassignificant一thatwasprobablyoneimportantmediator，”saidDr.RobertSchneider,directoroftheInstituteforNaturalMedicineandPreventioninFairfield,Iowa,whopresentedthefindings.ThestudywasconductedattheMedicalCollegeofWisconsininMilwaukee,incollaborationwiththeinstitute.Dr.Schneidersuggestedthat(3)thestressreductionproducedbythemeditationcouldcausechangesinthebrainthatcutstresshormonesanddeceleratetheprocessesassociatedwithatherosclerosis(动脉硬化).

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(2).5.单选题Hipreplacementsurgeryis（）jointreplacementsurgeryintheU.S.问题1选项A.thesinglemostfrequentB.themostsinglefrequentC.thesinglefrequentD.asinglefrequent6.单选题______activeincommerceortheprofessions,mostofthewealthywerenotself-made,buthadinheritedfamilyfortunes.问题1选项A.ExceptforB.DespiteC.AsD.Though7.单选题CharlesDarwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”iscreditedwithsparkingevolution’srevolutioninscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreat,accordingtotheArnoldarboretum’snewdirector.WilliamFriedman,theArnoldProfessorofOrganismandEvolutionaryBiologywhotookoverasarboretumdirectorJan.1hasstudiedDarwin’swritingsaswellasthoseofhispredecessorsandcontemporaries.WhileDarwiniswidelycreditedasthefatherofevolution,Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch”thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtomollifythosewhodemandedcreditfortheirownearlierideas.Thehistoricalsketchgrewwitheachsubsequentprinting,FriedmantoldanaudienceMonday(Jan.10)，until,bythe6thedition,34authorswerementionedinit.

Scholarsnowbelievethatsomewherebetween50and60authorshadbeatenDarwinintheirwritingsaboutevolution.IncludedwasDarwin’sgrandfather,ErasmusDarwin,aphysicianwhoirritatedclergymenwithhisinsistencethatlifearosefromlowerforms,specificallymollusks.Friedman’stalk,“ADarwinianLookatDarwin’sEvolutionistAncestors，”tookplaceatthearboretum’sHunnewellBuildingandwasthefirstinanewDirector’sLectureSeries.ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin’sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew,mostprominentlyAlfredWallace,whosewritingonthesubjectafteryearsinthefieldspurredDarwin’swritingof“OntheOriginofSpecies”.Althoughthebookrunsmorethan400pages,FriedmansaiditwasneverthebookonevolutionandnaturalselectionthatDarwinintended.In1856,threeyearsbeforethebookwaspublished,hebeganworkonadetailedtomeonnaturalselectionthatwouldn’tseepublicationuntil1975.Theseminaleventincreating“OntheOriginofSpecies”occurredin1858,whenWallacewroteDarwindetailingWallace’sideasofevolutionbynaturalselection.ThearrivalofWallace’sideasgalvanizedDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan“abstract”oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.ThiswasaluckybreakforDarwin,becauseitforcedhimtowritehisideasinplainlanguage,whichledtoabookthatwasnotonlyrevolutionary,despitethosewho’dtreadsimilargroundbefore,butthatwasalsoveryreadable.ThoughothersthoughtaboutevolutionbeforeDarwin,scientificdiscoveryrequiresmorethanjustanidea.Inadditiontotheconcept,discoveryrequirestheunderstandingofthesignificanceoftheidea，somethingsomeoftheearlierauthorsclearlydidnothave一suchasthearboristwhoburiedhisthoughtsonnaturalselectionintheappendixofabookonnavaltimber.Lastly,scientificdiscoverydemandstheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessofanidea.Darwin,through“OntheOriginofSpecies，”wastheonlythinkerofthetimewhohadallthreeofthosetraits,Friedmansaid.“Darwinhadtheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea，”Friedmansaid,addingthatevenWallace,whoseclaimtonewthinkingonevolutionandnaturalselectionwasstrongerthanalltheothers,paidhomagetoDarwinbytitlinghis1889bookonthesubject,“Darwinism.’’1.AccordingtoWilliamFriedman,Darwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”isgreatinthat______.2.FriedmanbelievesthatDarwinattacheda“historicalsketch”tolaterprintingsofhisbookinanattemptto_______.3.InFriedman’sview,Darwin’soriginalityliesin_______.4.WehavelearnedthatatfirstDarwinintendedtowritehisideain（）5.ScientificdiscoveryrequiredallthefollowingExcept（）问题1选项A.itwasthemoststudiedbylaterscientistsB.ithadsignificantideasaboutevolutionsC.itwasthefirsttotalkaboutevolutionD.itwaswellreceivedbythepublic问题2选项A.credittheideasaboutevolutionbeforehisB.claimhimselfasthefathterofevolutionC.introducehisgrandfathertothereaderD.summarizethispredecessors’work问题3选项A.histhinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionB.hissharingideasaboutevolutionwithhiscontemporariesC.thewayhewrote“OntheOriginofSpecies”D.thewayhelecturedontheideasofevolution问题4选项A.amuchlargerbookB.a400bookC.scientifictermsD.plainlanguage问题5选项A.comingupwithanewideaB.understandingthesignificanceoftheideaC.makingclaimstotheideabywritingbooksD.convincingothersofthecorrectnessoftheides8.单选题Someeconomistsfretthatsharepricesaremovingfar______companiesearnings,toadegreescantyreminiscentofJapaninthelate1980sjustbeforeitscrash.问题1选项A.aheadofB.backofC.independentofD.abreastof9.单选题Somereaders,especiallychildren,findhisworksamongthemost（）bookstheyeverread.问题1选项A.captivatingB.captivatedC.capturableD.captious10.单选题ThehospitaldeniesthereisanyconnectionbetweenthedisciplinaryactionandDr.Reid's()abouthealthproblems.问题1选项A.allegianceB.allianceC.allegationsD.alliteration11.单选题______，theshortisinsomewaysnotreallynew.问题1选项A.LikemanyanothernewthingsB.LikemuchothernewthingsC.LikemanyothernewthingsD.Likemanyanothernewthing12.单选题MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsofforceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime.Intheensuing350yearsanestimated50millionresearchpapersandinnumerablebookshavebeenpublishedinthenaturalsciencesandmathematics.ThemodemhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid,yetsciencetomanypeopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts.Onewayscientistshavetriedtocopewiththismountainisbybecomingmoreandmorespecialized.Anotherstrategyforcopingwiththemountainofinformationistolargelyignoreit.Thatshouldn’tcomeasasurprise.Sure,youhavetoknowalottobeascientist,butknowingalotisnotwhatmakesascientist.Whatmakesascientistisignorance.Thismaysoundridiculous,butforscientiststhefactsarejustastartingplace.Inscience,everynewdiscoveryraises10newquestions.Bythiscalculus,ignorancewillalwaysgrowfasterthanknowledge.Scientistsandlaypeoplealikewouldagreethatforallwehavecometoknow,thereisfarmorewedon’tknow.Moreimportant,everydaythereisfarmoreweknowwedon’tknow.Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant:notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivated,high-qualityignorance.Thisgetstotheessenceofwhatscientistsdo：theymakedistinctionsbetweenqualitiesofignorance.Theydoitingrantproposalsandoverbeersatmeetings.AsJamesClerkMaxwell,probablythegreatestphysicistbetweenNewtonandEinstein,said,“Thoroughlyconsciousignorance...isapreludetoeveryrealadvanceinknowledge.’’Thisperspectiveonscience—thatitisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers—shouldcomeassomethingofarelief.Itmakessciencelessthreateningandfarmorefriendlyand,infact,fun.Sciencebecomesaseriesofelegantpuzzlesandpuzzleswithinpuzzles—andwhodoesn’tlikepuzzles?Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings.LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience—thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.Butifscientistswouldtalkaboutthequestions,andifthemediareportednotonlyonnewdiscoveriesbutthequestionstheyansweredandthenewpuzzlestheycreated,andifeducatorsstoppedtraffickinginfactsthatarealreadyavailableonWikipedia—thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations.1.WhichofthefollowingwouldmostscholarsagreetoaboutNewtonandscience?2.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedinthispassage?3.Whyisitareliefthatscienceisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers?4.Theexpression“takeabackseat”（Line1，Paragraph5）probablymeans(

)

5.Whatistheauthor’sgreatestconcerninthepassage?问题1选项A.Newtonwastheonlypersonwhoknewallthescienceinthe1600s.B.Newton’slawsofforceandgravitydominatedsciencefor350years.C.SinceNewton’stime,sciencehasdevelopedintoamountainoffacts.D.AhighschoolstudentprobablyknowsmoresciencethanNewtondid.问题2选项A.Ascientistisamasterofknowledge.B.Knowledgegeneratesbetterignorance.C.Ignoranceisasignoflackofeducation.D.Goodscientistsarethoroughlyignorant问题3选项A.Becausepeoplelikesolvingpuzzles.B.Becausequestionsmakescienceaccessible.C.Becausetherearemorequestionsthananswers.D.Becausequestionspointthewaytodeepanswers.问题4选项A.takeabackplaceB.haveadifferentroleC.beofgreaterpriorityD.becomelessimportant问题5选项A.Theinvolvementofthepublicinscience.B.Scientists’enjoymentofignorance.C.Theaccumulationofscientificknowledge.D.Newton’sstandinginthehistoryofscience.13.单选题Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we______soformally.问题1选项A.neednothavedressedupB.mustnothavedressedupC.didnotneedtodressupD.mustnotdressup14.单选题______aticketforthematch,hecannowonlywatchitonTVathome.问题1选项A.ObtainingnotB.NotobtainingC.NothavingobtainedD.Notobtained15.单选题Goingthroughatrickydivorcewouldbeenoughtoputanyoneoffmarriageforlife.Butanewstudyshowsthatmenaremuchmorelikelyto______astressfulandcomplicatedbreak-upthanwomen.问题1选项A.getonB.getoffC.getoverD.getin16.单选题Foranationofpetlovers,Britainconductsasurprisingnumberofexperimentsonanimalssome3mayear.Americaappearstousefeweranimals—just1.1mayear,accordingtoofficialstatistics—butthatisanillusion.UnlikeBritain'sgovernment,America'sdoesnotthinkratsandmiceworthcounting.JapanandChinahaveevenlesscomprehensivedatathanAmerica,andanimalsusedinresearchinthosetwocountriesarenotprotectedtothesameextentthattheyareintheWest.Evenso,academiccenterssupportingalternativestoanimaltestinghaveemergedinbothplacesinrecentyears.InJulyChinaissueditsfirstsetofguidelinesgoverningtheuseofanimalsinresearch.Inanidealworld,therewouldbenoanimaltesting.Itisexpensiveandcanbeofdubiousscientificvalue,sincedifferentspeciesoftenreactdifferentlytothesameprocedure.Thatiswhymanyresearchersareworkingonwaysofreducingthenumberofanimalexperimentsneededandofmakingthosethatstillhappenmoreeffective.However,thetransitionisprovingeasierforsometypesofexperimentthanforothers,asagroupofresearchersinthefielddiscussedatthesixthWorldCongressonAlternativesandAnimalUseintheLifeSciences,heldlastweekinTokyo.Themostimportantmessagefromthecongresswasthatthingsaregoingintherightdirection.Thenumberofanimalsusedinexperimentshasfallenbyhalfinthepast30years,atleastinthosecountriesthatrecordsuchthings.Therehasalsobeenashiftinthesortofanimalused.Mostofthoseemployedtodayarerodentsratherthandogs,cats,rabbitsandmonkeys.(Thatpublicopiniongenerallywelcomesthisis,however,agoodexampleof"cutist"prejudiceforonespeciesoveranother:thereisnoreasontobelievethatrodentssufferlessthanothermammals.)Also,oftheexperimentsthatarestillconducted,themajorityarenowconcernedwithdevelopingandtestingmedicineratherthan,say,checkinghowtoxiccosmeticsare.Ofthe11manimalsinvolvedeachyearinexperimentsthathavetobereportedtotheEuropeanCommission,about45%areusedformedicalandveterinarypurposesandanother35%forbasicbiomedicalresearch.1.Whichofthefollowingis"anillusion"?2.Manyresearchersarecurrentlytryingto______.3.Thecutistprejudiceprobablyreferstothefactthat______.问题1选项A.BritainprotectsanimalsusedinresearchbetterthanJapanandChina.B.Chinahasissuedguidelinesgoverningtheuseofanimalsinresearch.C.JapanhaslesscomprehensivedataonanimaltestingthanAmerica.D.AmericaconductsfewerexperimentsonanimalsthanBritain.问题2选项A.useanimalsinvolvedinresearchmoreeffectivelyB.slowdownthetransitionforsomeexperimentsC.challengethescientificvalueofanimaltestingD.raisethecostofusinganyanimalsinresearch问题3选项A.petanimalsarethoughttosuffermoreinexperimentsB.rodentsarebelievedtoreactinthesamewaywithhumansC.testingmedicineissupposedtodomoreharmthantestingcosmeticsD.whatsortofanimalstouseisreckonedmorecrucialthanwhethertousethem17.单选题Sincenoonecould()hisscribbling,thechiefeditordecidedtoreplacehimwithanothercolumnist.问题1选项A.encodeB.decipherC.clearD.identify18.单选题Ithasbeenrevealedthatnearlyoneinfivedegreecourseshasbeen（

）sincethetriplingoftuitionfeesto£9,000ayear.问题1选项A.scratchedB.scrapedC.scrabbledD.scrapped19.单选题Thecontributiongenesmaketointelligenceincreasesaschildrengrowolder.Thisgoesagainstthenotionthatmostpeopleholdthatasweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegeneticlegacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation.“Peopleassumethegeneticinfluencegoesdownwithagebecausetheenvironmentaldifferencesbetweenpeoplepileupinlife,”saysRobertPlomin.“Whatwefoundwasquiteamazing,andgoesintheotherdirection.”Previousstudieshaveshownvariationsinintelligenceareatleastpartlyduetogenetics.Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage,Plomin’steampooleddatafromsixseparatestudiescarriedoutintheUS,theUK,AustraliaandtheNetherlands,involvingatotalof11,000pairsoftwins.Inthesestudies,theresearcherstestedtwinsonreasoning,logicandarithmeticstomeasureaquantitycalledgeneralcognitiveability,or“G”.Eachstudyalsoincludedbothidenticaltwins,withthesamegenes,andfraternaltwins,sharingabouthalftheirgenes,makingitpossibletodistinguishthecontributionsofgenesandenvironmenttotheirGscores.Plomin’steamcalculatedthatinchildhood,genesaccountforabout41percentofthevariationinintelligence.Inadolescence,thisroseto55percent；byyoungadolescence,itwas66percent.Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage,butPlominsuggeststhataschildrengetolder，theybecomebetteratexploitingandmanipulatingtheirenvironmenttosuittheirgeneticneeds,andsays“KidswithhighGwillusetheirenvironmenttofostertheircognitiveabilityandchoosefriendswhoarelike-minded.”ChildrenwithmediumtolowGmaychooselesschallengingpastimesandactivities,furtheremphasizingtheirgeneticlegacy.Isthereanywaytointerferewiththepattern?Perhaps.“Theevidenceofstrongheritabilitydoesn’tmeanatallthatthereisnothingyoucandoaboutit，”saysSusanneJaeggi，“Fromourownwork,theonesthatstartedoffwithlowerIQscoreshadhighergainsaftertraining.’’Plominsuggeststhatgeneticdifferencesmaybemoreemphasizedifallchildrenshareanidenticalcurriculuminsteadofitbeingtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.“Myinclinationwouldbetogiveeveryoneagoodeducation,butputmoreeffortintothelowerend,”hesays.IntelligenceresearcherPaulThompsonagrees:“Itshowsthateducatorsneedtosteerkidstowardsthingsdrawingouttheirnaturaltalents.”1.Whatisthecommonnotionthatpeopleholdaboutgenes?2.ThestudybyPlomin’steamaimstofindout(

)3.Fromtheexperimentwithtwins,Plomin’steamdrawsaconclusionthat(

).4.Theword“pattern”inparagraphfourisclosestinmeaningto(

).5.WhichofthefollowingmightPlomin’steamleastagreeto?问题1选项A.Humanscandolittletochangethegeneticdifferencesbetweenpeople.B.Geneticinfluencebecomesstrongerwhenpeoplereceiveeducation.C.Genescontributemoretoone’sintelligencethanenvironmentalfactors.D.Environmentalfactorslessentheinfluenceofgenesonone’sintelligence.问题2选项A.whethervariationsinintelligencearecausedbygeneticdifferencesB.howtooverpowergeneticfactorswithneweducationalapproachesC.whethergeneticcontributiontoone’sintelligencevarieswithageD.therelationshipbetweenenvironmentandgenes问题3选项A.geneticcontributionincreaseswhenonegrowsolderB.geneticinfluencedecreaseswhenageincreasesC.environmenthasmoreimpactonfraternaltwinsthanidenticaltwinsD.itremainsamysteryhowgenesandenvironmentco-influencepeople问题4选项A.cognitiveabilityB.strongheritabilityC.geneticlegacyD.challengingpastimes问题5选项A.Anidenticalcurriculumtoschoolchildren.B.AdifferentiatedcoursedesigntochildrenwithvariedIQ.C.MoreeffortdirectedatchildrenwithmediumorlowG.D.Educationtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.20.单选题Theeffectofelectrictechnologyhadatfirstbeenanxiety.Nowitappearstocreate（）_.问题1选项A.boreB.boredC.boredomD.bordom第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】D【解析】考查逻辑知识。前半句中“sermonsretainedtheirpreeminence”表示肯定意义，后半句提到“theyaregraduallylosingthatcentralplaces”，可知语气出现了转折。因此D选项符合题意。

2.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。comparing“比较的”；completing“完成”；compelling“引人注目的；令人信服的”；composing“起镇静作用的”。句意：该组织上周发出警告，称有“有力的证据”表明，这些孩子接受的教育质量不如他们富裕的同龄人。因此C选项符合题意。

3.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。instantaneous“瞬间的”；spontaneous“自发的”；simultaneous“同时的”；instinctive“本能的”。句意：通过电报进行的同时通讯始于内战前的19世纪40年代，后来（19世纪70年代）很快开始通过电话进行同时通讯。选项C符合题意。

4.【答案】1：AccordingtoastudyattheAmericanHeartAssociationmeetinglastweek,thinkingdeeplyinsilencecangeneratespiritualrecreation,whichmaybegoodtoone’sphysiology,atleastitistrueforthosewhosufferfromcoronaryarterydisease.2：Thosewhoremaininasilentandcalmstateforaperiodoftimeareinclinedtodiseaseinalongertime,andtheirbloodpressurebecomelower.3：Slientlythinkingcanreleasepressure,whichcouldleadtosomechangesinthebrain,anditcanreducethepressurehormonesandcontrolthedeteriorationofatherosclerosis.

5.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词排序。按照形容词最高级用法，themost排在最前面，single表示种类，frequent表示频率，处于常规形容词排序之外，因此B选项符合题意。

6.【答案】D【解析】考查词语辨析。exceptfor“除……之外”；despite“尽管”，介词属性；as“如同”；though“尽管”。句意：……大多数富人活跃在商业或职业领域，并非白手起家，而是继承了家族财富。B选项意义相通，despite不能用于形容词前，选项D符合题意。

7.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节题。题干：根据威廉•弗里德曼的观点，达尔文的《论物种起源》很伟大，因为______。第二段第一句提到了WilliamFriedman的身份是arboretumdirector，由此可以找到第一段中他的观点“Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreat”，与D选项对应。因此D选项符合题意。2.细节题。题干：弗里德曼认为，达尔文在他的书的后期印刷中附上了一幅“历史素描”是试图_______。第二段最后提到“…the“historicalsketch”thatDarwinattached…wasintendedtomollifythosewhodemandedcreditfortheirownearlierideas”，他这么做是为了安抚那些为自己的早期的观点要求声望的人，因此A选项符合题意。3.Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE细节题。题干：在弗里德曼看来，达尔文的独创性在于_____。本文第五段第一句提到达尔文的独创性：Though

othershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin’sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew.由此可知，虽然在达尔文之前就已经有人思考过进化的问题，但达尔文在这方面还是具有创造性。弗里德曼说，只有少数人认同达尔文在自然选择这种机制方面的见解。因此A选项符合题意。

4.细节题推理题。题干：我们已经知道，起初达尔文打算把他的想法写进______。由题干定位到文章第五段最后两句“Althoughthebookrunsmorethan400pages…itwasneverthebookonevolutionandnaturalselectionthatDarwinintended…hebeganworkonadetailedtomeonnaturalselectionthatwouldn’tseepublicationuntil1975”，可知达尔文本身是有更宏大的写作计划。因此A选项符合题意。5.判断推理题。题干：科学发现需要以下所有条件，除了______。文中第八段第一句提到了scientificdiscovery科学发现。第一句中的“requiresmorethanjustanidea”与A选项对应；第二句中的“theunderstandingofthesignificanceoftheidea”与B选项对应；第三句中的“theabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessofanidea”与D选项对应。因此C选项符合题意。8.【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。aheadof“在……之前”；backof“在……后面”；independentof“不受……支配的”；abreastof“保持与……并列”。句意：一些经济学家担心，股价……公司盈利，这在一定程度上让人想起上世纪80年代末日本股市崩盘前的情景。可知前半句应表示“股票价格超过了公司盈利”。因此A选项符合题意。

9.【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。captivating“迷人的，有魅力的”；captivated“迷住，迷惑”，是captivate的过去分词形式；capturable“可捕获的”；captious“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”。句意：一些读者，尤其是孩子们，发现他的作品是他们读过最……。此处需填入形容词，根据句意，A选项符合。

10.【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。allegiance“效忠；忠贞”；alliance“联盟”；allegations“主张”；alliteration“头韵”。句意：医院否认纪律处分和里德医生关于健康问题的主张有任何联系。因此C选项符合题意。

11.【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。another“又一，另一个”，一般用来修饰或代指可数名词单数，因此排除A和D选项；much不能用来修饰可数名词，排除B选项。因此C选项符合题意。

12.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节题。题干：关于牛顿和科学，大多数学者同意以下哪一种观点？根据第一段第一句“MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton…probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime”和第三句“ThemodemhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid…”,在牛顿的时代他可能知晓那个年代所有的科学知识，但现代高中生拥有的科学知识可能都比他要多。A选项only过于绝对，选项D符合题意。2.细节题。题干：下列哪项最能得从本文中获取依据？根据第二段第四句“Sure,youhavetoknowalottobeascientist…”，懂得多的人才能当科学家，因此推出A选项“科学家是知识大师”。根据第三段第四句“Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant…”，科学知识的一个重要成果是产生新的、更好的无知方式，B选项的主语应为科学知识。因此选项A符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：为什么科学关注的是问题而不是答案？由题干中的question、answer可定位到文章第四段最后一句“Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings”，作者认为，人们更容易了解问题（questionsarealsomoreaccessible）。因此选项B符合题意。4.词义推测题。题干：”takeabackseat”可能是指______。第五段第一句“LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience—thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer”提到，人们越来越不在乎科学的这一面了。因此这里的“takeabackseat”指“变得没俺么重要”。因此选项D符合题意。5.细节推理题。题干：作者在这篇文章中最关心的是什么？全文讲的是科学与大众的关系，文章最后总结道“thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations”，作者关注的是让大众参与到科学中来。因此选项A符合题意。13.【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。needn’thavedone表示本不必做某事，却做了。句意：早知道是个小型家庭聚会，我们本不必穿这么正式。因此A选项符合题意。

14.【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。由后半句可知“他现在只能在家看电视”，即未买到比赛的票是既成事实，并且此事实对现在产生了影响，因此应该使用现在完成时态。主语he与动词obtain之间是主动关系，所以使用现在分词的现在完成时态。因此C选项符合题意。

15.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。geton“上车；进展”；getoff”脱下；下车“；getover”克服“；getin”进入；陷入“。句意：经历一场棘手的离婚足以让任何人放弃婚姻。但一项新的研究表明，男性比女性更有可能……一段紧张而复杂的分手。句中but，因而存在转折关系，说明男性比女性更容易从分手中振作起来。因此选项C符合题意。

16.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A【解析】1.细节题。题干：下面哪个是“错觉”？根据“anillusion”定位到文章第一段第二句“Americaappearstousefeweranimals—just1.1mayear,accordingtoofficialstatistics—butthatisanillusion”，说明美国用动物做的试验似乎少一些是错觉。因此D选项符合题意。2.细节题。题干：许多研究人员目前正试图_____。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段中“manyresearchersareworkingonwaysofreducingthenumberofanimalexperimentsneededandofmakingthosethatstillhappenmoreeffective”，研究人员在采取措施减少动物使用量，并提高成效。因此A选项符合题意。3.细节题。题干：cutistprejudice可能指的是_____。根据关键词定位到文章第三段，后面提到“thereisnoreasontobelievethatrodentssufferlessthanothermammals”没有理由认为啮齿类动物（在实验中）遭受的痛苦比其他哺乳动物要少，这表明了对于不同物种间持有的偏见。因此A选项符合题意。17.【答案】B18.【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。空格处需要填写的是动词过去分词形式。scratch“抓，搔”；scrape“刮掉，擦掉”；scrabble“摸索，挣扎”；scrap“废弃”。句意：据透露，自从学费翻了三倍至每年9000英镑后，近五分之一的学位课程被废弃了。因此D选项符合题意。

19.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节题。题干：人们对基因的普遍看法是什么？由第一段第二句中的“asweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegeneticlegacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation”可知大多数人认为，随着年龄增长，“environmentalinfluence环境影响”将逐渐大于“geneticlegacy基因遗传”。因此选项D符合题意。2.细节题。题干：Plomin的研究小组的目的是找出______。根据关键词“Plomin’steam”定位到第二段第二句，往前有“Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage”可知他们的目的是找出基因贡献是否随着年龄增长而增加。因此选项C符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：从双胞胎的实验中，Plomin的团队得出了一个结论_______。第二段最后提到了双胞胎实验，第三段开头讲到实验结论“Plomin’steamcalculatedthat…”，第三句中“Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage”可推出实验结论就是基因影响随着年龄的增长而增加。因此选项A符合题意。4.词义推测题。题干：第四段中的“pattern”最接近_______。定位点在第四段第一句，因此答案需往前文第三段找。第三段中，Plomin认为G较高的孩子会利用环境培养自己的认知能力并选择志同道合的朋友；而G较低的孩子可能会选择不那么有挑战的娱乐和活动，进而强化了他们的基因遗传。可知这里说的“pattern”就是孩子们认知能力的发展。因此选项A符合题意。5.细节题。题干：下面哪个选项可能是Plomin的团队最不同意的？由本文最后一段可知，Plomin的团队认为应该进行差异化教育，对于G中低等的孩子应投入更多精力。因此选项A符合题意。20.【答案】C【解析】考查词语辨析。A、B、C个选项属于同根词。空格前是create动词，因此应填入名词。bore“孔；令人讨厌的人”；bored“无聊的；烦扰”，没有名词用法；boredom“厌倦；令人厌烦的事物”；bordom属于错词。句意：电子技术的影响最初是给人带来焦虑。现在它似乎在制造……。因此C选项符合题意。

第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Facingthedanger,theywerequitethemselves.问题1选项A.incaseofB.in