2023年考研考博考博英语中南大学考试高频考点参考题库答案

2023年考研考博考博英语中南大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Thespeciousargumentsusedbythe（

）werecertaintodeceivemanypeople.问题1选项A.candidateB.politicianC.theologianD.demagogue2.单选题Someworksofliteratureholdone’sinterestintheverylastpage,butothersservesonlyasa（

）,tobekepthandilyatabedsidetable.问题1选项A.reminderB.referenceC.decorationD.soporific3.单选题Amanwhocannotwinhonorinhisownagewillhaveaverysmallchanceofwinningitfrom（

）.问题1选项A.posterityB.immigrantsC.criticsD.improvisation4.单选题Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavator’sgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreplyeverythingthatcomesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.Irefertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard,EvenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasL’melekhHandleshavebeenfoundinabundance——morethan4,000examplessofar.Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchaserscouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.ApurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposesItwouldbeunrealistictosuggestthatillegaldiggingwouldstopifartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket.Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.Whowouldwantanunmarkedpotwhenanotherwasavailablewhoseprovenancewasknown,andthatwasdatedstratigraphicallybytheprofessionalarchaeologistwhoexcavatedit?1.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbasements?2.TheauthormentionstheexcavationinCyprustoemphasizewhichofthefollowingpoints?3.Theauthor’sargumentconcerningtheeffectoftheofficialsaleofduplicateartifactsonillegalexcavationisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?4.Theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposal?5.TheauthorimpliesthatallofthefollowingstatementsaboutduplicateartifactsaretrueEXCEPT（

）.问题1选项A.Museumofficialsrarelyallowscholarsaccesstosuchartifacts.B.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.C.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.D.Suchartifacts’oftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.问题2选项A.Ancientlampsandpotteryvesselsarelessvaluable,althoughmorerare,thanroyalsealimpressions.B.Artifactsthatareverysimilartoeachotherpresentcataloguingdifficultiestoarchaeologists.C.Artifactsthatarenotuniquelyvaluable,andthereforecouldbesold,areavailableinlargequantities.D.Cyprusisthemostimportantlocationforunearthinglargequantitiesofsalableartifacts.问题3选项A.Prospectivepurchaserswouldprefertobuyauthenticatedartifacts.B.Thepriceofillegallyexcavatedartifactswouldrise.C.Moneygainedfromsellingauthenticatedartifactscouldbeusedtoinvestigateandprosecuteillegalexcavators.D.Illegalexcavatorswouldbeforcedtosellonlyduplicateartifacts.问题4选项A.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfall.B.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.C.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.D.Counterfeitingofartifactswillbecomemorecommonplace.问题5选项A.AmarketforsuchartifactsalreadyexistsB.SuchartifactsseldomhavescientificvalueC.Suchartifactsfrequentlyexceedinqualitythosealreadycataloguedinmuseumcollec¬tionsD.Museumsarewellsuppliedwithexamplesofsuchartifacts5.单选题Usuallythefirsttospotdatathatwereinconsistentwithotherfindings,inthisparticularexperimentsheletanumberof（

）resultsslipby.问题1选项A.anomalousB.salientC.redundantD.verifiable6.单选题TheFrenchandtheAmericanshaveaverydifferentrelationshiptomoney,（

）andostentation.问题1选项A.obnoxiousB.obfuscateC.optimumD.opulence7.单选题（

）,thefactorieshadnotclosed,andthosewhoneededworkmostweregivenachancetosurviveduringtheeconomicdisaster.问题1选项A.BlithelyB.MercifullyC.GlamorouslyD.Importunately8.单选题Theyareevidencethata（

）ofevolutionaryexperimentationwasgoingonatthetime,outofwhichthehumanlineagesomehowemerged.问题1选项A.fermentB.glamourC.jubilationD.fragment9.单选题Ourbiologicaluniquenessrequiresthattheeffectsofasubstancemustbeverifiedby（

）experiments,evenafterthousandsoftestsoftheeffectsofthatsubstanceonanimals.问题1选项A.evolutionaryB.humanC.randomD.replicated10.写作题Writeanessayofabout300wordsonthetopic“LearningandStudyingasISeeIt”accordingtotheideagivenbelowandoutlinedinChinese.

求知和探究被古人认为是人生中步履荆棘的历程。王国维先生就有着做学问的三大境界，其一曰“昨夜西风凋碧树，独上高楼，望尽天涯路”；其二曰“衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴”；最后才会“众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处”。请结合自己求学的经历或体会，分析你对这个命题的理解和看法。11.单选题Asseriousassheisaboutthebullfight,shedoesnotallowrespectto（

）hersenseofwhimsywhenpaintingit.问题1选项A.inspireB.provokeC.suppressD.satisfy12.单选题FollowingtheguidelinesforspeakingandvotingestablishedbythebookRobert'sRulesofOrder,（

）duringthemeeting.问题1选项A.andavoidlargedecision-makingorganizations’proceduralcanfusionB.largedecision-makingorganizationsavoidproceduralconfusionC.isproceduralconfusionavoidedbylargedecision-makingorganizationsD.areavoidingproceduralconfusioninlargedecision-makingorganizations13.单选题ThatLouiseNevelsonisbelievedbymanycriticstobethegreatesttwentieth-centurysculptorisallthemoreremarkablebecausethegreatestresistancetowomenartistshasbeen,untilrecently,inthefieldofsculpture.SinceNeolithictimes,sculpturehasbeenconsideredtheprerogativeofmen,partly,perhaps,forpurelyphysicalreasons;itwaserroneouslyassumedthatwomenwerenotsuitedforthehardmanuallaborrequiredinsculptingstone,carvingwood,orworkinginmetal.Ithasbeenonlyduringthetwentiethcenturythatwomensculptorshavebeenrecognizedasmajorartists,andithasbeenintheUnitedStates,especiallysincethedecadesofthefiftiesandsixties,thatwomensculptorshaveshownthegreatestoriginalityandcreativepower.TheirrisetoprominenceparallelsthedevelopmentofsculptureitselfintheUnitedStates;whiletherehadbeenafewtalentedsculptorsintheUnitedStatesbeforethe1940,itwasonlyafter1945——whenNewYorkwasrapidlybecomingtheartcapitaloftheworld——thatmajorsculpturewasproducedintheUnitedStates.Someofthebestwastheworkofwomen.ByfarthemostoutstandingofthesewomenisLouiseNevelson,whointheeyesofmanycriticsisthemostoriginalfemaleartistalivetoday.Onefamousandinfluentialcritic,HiltonKramer,saidofherwork.“Formyself,IthinkMs.Nevelsonsucceedswherethepaintersoftenfail.”HerworkshavebeencomparedtotheCubistconstructionsofPicasso,theSurrealisticobjectsofMiro,andtheMerzbauofSchwitters.Nevelsonwouldbethefirsttoadmitthatshehasbeeninfluencedbyallofthese,aswellasbyAfricansculpture,andbyNativeAmericanandpre-Columbianart,butshehasabsorbedalltheseinfluencesandstillcreatedadistinctiveartthatexpressestheurbanlandscapeandtheaestheticsensibilityofthetwentiethcentury.Nevelsonsays,“Ihavealwayswantedtoshowtheworldthatartiseverywhere,exceptthatithastopassthroughacreativemind.”Usingmostlydiscardedwoodenobjectslikepackingcrates,brokenpiecesoffurniture,andabandonedarchitecturalornaments,allofwhichshehashoardedforyears,sheassemblesarchitecturalconstructionsofgreatbeautyandpower.Creatingveryfreelywithnosketches,shegluesandnailsobjectstogether,paintsthemblack,ormorerarelywhiteorgold,andplacestheminboxes.Theseassemblages,walls,evenentireenvironmentscreateamysterious,almostawe-inspiringatmosphere.Althoughshehasdeniedanysymbolicorreligiousintentinherworks,theirthree-dimensionalgrandeurandeventheirtitles,suchasSkyCathedralandNightCathedral,suggestsuchconnotations.Insomeways,hermostambitiousworksareclosertoarchitecturethantotraditionalsculpture,blitthenneitherLouiseNevelsonnorherartfitsintoanyneatcategory.1.Thepassagefocusesprimarilyonwhichofthefollowing?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbyinformationgiveninthepassage?3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieveswhichofthefollowingaboutNevelson’ssculptures?4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutNevelson’ssculpturescanbeinferredfromthepassage?问题1选项A.Ageneraltendencyintwentieth-centuryartB.TheworkofaparticularartistC.TheartisticinfluencesonwomensculptorsD.Criticalresponsestotwentieth-centurysculpture问题2选项A.Priorto1945therewaslittlemajorsculptureproducedbymenorwomensculptorsworkingintheUnitedStates.B.Since1950sculptureproducedintheUnitedStateshasbeenthemostoriginalandcreativesculptureproducedanywhere.C.From1900to1950womensculptorsinEuropeenjoyedmorerecognitionfortheirworkthandidwomensculptorsintheUnitedStates.D.Priorto1945thereweremanywomensculptorswhoseworkwasignoredbycritics.问题3选项A.Theyshowtheinfluenceoftwentieth-centuryarchitecture.B.TheydonothavequalitiescharacteristicofsculptureC.Theyaremysteriousandawe-inspiring,butnotbeautiful.D.Theysuggestreligiousandsymbolicmeanings.问题4选项A.Theyaremeantfordisplayoutdoors.B.Theyareoftenpaintedinseveralcolors.C.Theyaresometimesverylarge.D.Theyarebuiltaroundacentralwoodenobject.14.写作题Writeanessayofabout250to300wordsonthetopic“ScienceandArts:theIntegrationintheDisciplineResearched"accordingtotheideagivenbelowandoutlineinChinese.

科学和艺术是促进人类社会发展的两个翅膀，一个强调严谨，客观，深遂而锲而不舍地探究自然和社会的内在构架和发展路径，一个表现华丽，张扬，丰富多彩而魅力四射地展示着人们独具的感知和想象的梦境。两者各具不同的特点但却互相关联着，在学术研究中，注重科学活动过程的科学性和艺术性的这种相辅相成也会为我们的不同专业研究带来绚丽而又实诚的果实。请你结合自己的学科专业研究实际的例证，谈谈研究活动中科学性和艺术性关系会对自己未来发展的影响作用。1）科学和艺术定义及其相辅相成的关系。2）本专业学术研究中的科学性和艺术性相辅相成的特点。3）用实例说明两者结合会为我的专业发展和研究带来重要的突破和发展。15.单选题Onestrategyissimplytopersuadepeopletostaylonger,whichprovidesmoretimeforemployerstospotand（

）thebestperformers.问题1选项A.extinguishB.siegeC.seduceD.estimate16.单选题Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructure,designedtobeplayed—exactlyaswritten—onthepiano.AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliams,EdvardGrieg,andAntonDvorakwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneerragtimecomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandlamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologists,collectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags.Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteenth-barstrains,oftenorganizedwithrepeats.Theragopenswithabright,memorablestrainortheme,followedbyasimilartheme,leadingtoatrioofmarkedlyricalcharacter,withthestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner,endingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.Typically,eachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalike,sotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.Therefore,themesmustbebriefwithclear,sharpmelodicfigures.Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass—inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstrumentalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythms,nottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofjazz.Asagenre,ragtimerequiresstrictattentiontostructure,notinventivenessorvirtuosity.Itexistsasatradition,asetofconventions,abodyofwrittenscores,separatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.1.Accordingtothepassage,eachofthefollowingisacharacteristicofragtimecompositionsthatfollowtheclassicragtimeformulaEXCEPT（

）.2.Theauthorrejectstheargumentthatragtimeisamechanicalmusicbecausethatargument（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheessentialnatureofragtimehasbeenobscuredbycommentariesbasedon（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingismostnearlyanalogousinsourceandartisticcharactertoaragtimecompositionasdescribedinthepassage?问题1选项A.syncopationB.abasslinedistinctfromthemelodiclineC.risingrhythmic-melodicintensityD.fulldevelopmentofmusicalthemes问题2选项A.improperlyidentifiescommercialragtimemusicwiththesubtlerclassicragtimestyle.B.doesnotaccuratelydescribethesoundofragtimepianolamusic.C.confusesthemeansofrecordingandtheessentialcharacterofthemusic.D.exaggeratestheinfluenceoftheperformancestyleofprofessionalragtimeplayersonthereputationofthegenre.问题3选项A.thewayragtimemusicwasfirstrecordedB.themusicalsourcesusedbyScottJoplinandJamesScottC.thedancefashionsthatwerecontemporaryragtimeD.earlyreviewers’accountsofcharacteristicstructure问题4选项A.Symphonicmusicderivedfromcomplexjazzmotifs.B.Anexperimentalnovelbasedonwell-knowncartooncharacters.C.Adramaticproductioninwhichactorsinventscenesandimproviselines.D.Aballetwhosedisciplinedchoreographyisbasedonfolk-dancesteps.17.单选题Beforeabout1960,virtuallyallaccountsofevolutionassumedmostadaptationtobeaproductofselectionatthelevelofpopulations;recentstudiesofevolution,however,havefoundnobasisforthis（

）viewofselection.问题1选项A.controversialB.pervasiveC.unchallengedD.renowned18.单选题Manyartistsbelievethatsuccessfulimitation,farfrombeingsymptomaticofalackof（

）,isthefirststepinlearningtobecreative.问题1选项A.eleganceB.resolutionC.sympathyD.originality19.翻译题ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

我确信，在这个世界上有许多令人惊喜的事情，有某种比惊喜深刻得多的东西，某种持久而有意义的东西。那些生活在地球上美和神奇的东西之间的人们，不管他是作为科学家的成人还是非科学家的孩子，永远不会孤单或对生活感到厌倦；无论他们的个人生活有什么问题和忧虑，他们的思想都能找到通往内心的满足和对生活重燃激情的途径。那些凝视地球之美的人能找到它们终身受用的力量储备。他们看到在鸟类的迁徙中，在潮水的涨落之中，既有着具体的惊奇，更有着深遂的美。在大自然的反反复复循坏中，有一种具备无限治愈力的东西，黑暗过去是黎明，冬天过后是春天这一永恒的保障。20.单选题Thesinger’sperformancewassoexcitingthatmanyofhisfanswere（

）enthusiasm.问题1选项A.stirredupwithB.fantasizedwithC.takebackwithD.carriedawaywith第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项candidate“候选人；应试者”；B选项politician“政客；政治家”；C选项theologian“神学者；空头理论家”；D选项demagogue“煽动者；煽动政治家”。句意：······使用的似是而非的论据肯定会欺骗许多人。句中提到“似是而非的论据”，可知正确答案为C“空头理论家”。2.【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reminder提醒者；reference参考书，参考文献；decoration装饰；soporific催眠剂。句意：有些文学作品自始至终都十分吸引人，但有些文学作品只起参考书的作用，为了方便查阅而放在床边小茶几上。由but及空格后的内容可知B项符合句意。3.【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项posterity“子孙；后裔”；B选项immigrant“移民”；C选项critics“评论家；批评者”；D选项improvisation“即兴创作；即席演奏”。句意：一个在他这个年龄不能赢得荣誉的人，从······获得荣誉的机会很小。前半句提到“他这个年龄”，因此空格处出词语应与“时间、年龄相关”。综合句意可知，A选项符合句意。4.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到倒数第二段“Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds:asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.甚至没有足够的钱来对这些发现进行分类：结果是，它们再也找不到了，变得像从未被发现过一样难以接近。”可知D项“这些艺术品经常没有被分类，所以一旦它们被存储起来就找不到了”正确。2.细节事实题。由第四段中的“InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard,EvenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasL’melekhHandleshavebeenfoundinabundance——morethan4,000examplessofar.在塞浦路斯的一个小发掘中，考古学家最近在一个院子里发现了2000个几乎无法分辨的小罐子，甚至还发现了珍贵的皇家印章印记，被称为L'melekh手柄——迄今为止有4000多个例子。”以及第三段末句“youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.你可能认为您声称每个工件都有潜在的科学价值这一观点是正确的。实际上，你错了。”可知C项“工艺品不是唯一有价值的，因此可以出售的工件，可以大量获得。”符合题意。3.细节事实题。定位到末段最后一句“Whowouldwantanunmarkedpotwhenanotherwasavailablewhoseprovenancewasknown当另一个罐子的来源已经知道了的时候，谁会想要一个没有标记的罐子。”可知项A项“潜在的购买者更愿意购买经过认证的产品。”符合题意。4.推理判断题由“scientificarchaeologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket科学考古探险队和政府当局在公开市场上出售出土文物。”以及"Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney你可能会反对专业人士挖掘是为了获取知识，而不是金钱”，可知作者建议在公开市场上出售出土文物。故B项“本应在公共场所展出的文物将出售给私人收藏家。”与作者建议相反。5.判断推理题。AB两项的内容“已经有复制品的市场存在，比如非法交易市场，而且这些复制品的科学价值不是很高。”在第二段的末尾和第三段的开头有提及。C项“这类文物的质量常常超过那些已经列入博物馆收藏目录的文物”文中没有提及。5.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。anomalous异常的；不恰当的；不一致的；salient显著的；跳跃的；redundant多余的；累赘的；verifiable可证实的；可检验的。句意：她经常最先发现与其他调查结果不一致的数据，不过在这个特殊的试验中她却让一些不一致的结果溜走了。由Usuallythefirsttospotdatathatwereinconsistentwithotherfindings可知A项正确。6.【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。obnoxious讨厌的；obfuscate使模糊；optimum最佳效果；opulence富裕。句意：法国人和美国人在对待金钱，奢华，以及炫富的关系上大不相同。空格处应填入一个和money并列的名词。7.【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。blithely愉快地，无忧无虑地；mercifully幸运地，宽厚地；glamorously富有魅力地；importunately“缠绕不休地”。句意：幸运的是，工厂没有倒闭，在经济灾难中那些最需要工作的人有机会生存。由句意可知B项符合题意。8.【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。ferment“发酵；动乱”；glamour“魅力；迷人的美”；jubilation“喜欢；庆祝；欢呼”；fragment“碎片”。句意：它们是那个动乱时候进化实验蓬勃发展期的证据，由于某种未知的原因，人类从中开始出现。Outofwhich中which指代空格处的内容，分析题干意思知A项符合。9.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。evolutionary进化的，发展的；human人类的；random任意的，胡乱的；replicated重复的。句意：我们生物的唯一性要求一种物质的效用必须被人类实验所证明，甚至是在经过对该物质在动物身上千万次的试验以后。根据句意可知B项符合题意。10.【答案】略11.【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项inspire“激发；鼓舞”；B选项provoke“驱使；激怒”；C选项suppress“抑制；镇压；废止”；D选项satisfy“满足；说服”。句意：尽管她认为斗牛是一件严肃的事，但在绘画斗牛时，她并没有让敬意······自己的奇思异想。“敬意”与“奇思异想”在本句中应为“抑制与被抑制”的关系，才可体现句中的转折含义。因此C选项正确。12.【答案】B【解析】考查主谓结构。题干主语为Followingtheguidelines，其后的forspeakingandvotingestablishedbythebookRobert'sRulesofOrder是后置定语。句意：遵循罗伯特的《议事规则》这本书里的指导方针，大型决策机构可以避免会议中的程序混乱。C项意思不符，D项主谓不一致，A项结构不对，故答案为B。13.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。由第一段中第一句“ThatLouiseNevelsonisbelievedbymanycriticstobethegreatesttwentieth-centurysculptorisallthemoreremarkablebecausethegreatestresistancetowomenartistshasbeen,untilrecently,inthefieldofsculpture.”提出“路易丝•奈维尔森(LouiseNevelson)被许多评论家认为是20世纪最伟大的女雕刻家”及随后段落讲述“路易丝•奈维尔森的艺术作品特点，评论家对她的评论等”可知本文主要讲一个特殊的艺术家的作品。B项符合题意。A项“二十世纪艺术的普遍趋势”；C项“对女性雕塑家的艺术影响”；D项“对二十世纪雕塑的批判回应”。2.细节事实题。定位第一段中“...whiletherehadbeenafewtalentedsculptorsintheUnitedStatesbeforethe1940,itwasonlyafter1945——whenNewYorkwasrapidlybecomingtheartcapitaloftheworld—thatmajorsculpturewasproducedintheUnitedStates.Someofthebestwastheworkofwomen.尽管1940年前美国只有很少的有才华的雕刻家，直到1945年,当纽约迅速成为世界艺术之都——主要的雕塑是在美国生产的。其中最好的一些是女性的作品。”可知A项“在1945年之前，美国很少有由男性或女性雕塑家创作的大型雕塑作品。”正确。3.细节事实题。定位最后一段中“Althoughshehasdeniedanysymbolicorreligiousintentinherworks,theirthree-dimensionalgrandeurandeventheirtitles,suchasSkyCathedralandNightCathedral,suggestsuchconnotations.尽管她否认自己的作品中具有任何象征性的或宗教的意图，但她作品的三维立体的恢宏气势以及它们的标题，如《天庭大教堂》以及《黑夜大教堂》等都暗示了如此的含义。”可知D项“它们暗示着宗教和象征意义”正确。答案D。4.判断推理题由Creatingveryfreelywithnosketches,shegluesandnailsobjectstogether,paintsthemblack,ormorerarelywhiteorgold,andplacestheminboxes.她非常自由地创作，没有素描，她把物体粘在一起，钉在一起，把它们涂成黑色，或者很少涂成白色或金色，然后把它们放在盒子里。”可推知A项“它们是用来在户外展示的。”及B项“它们经常被漆成几种颜色”不正确；D项“它们经常围绕一个中心的木制物体而被建造”在文中没有提到；由最后一段中“Theseassemblages,walls,evenentireenvironmentscreateamysterious,almostawe-inspiringatmosphere.这些装配艺术品、墙操，甚至整个的环境艺术品营造出一种神秘的、几乎是引人恐惧的氛围。”可推知“路易丝•奈维尔森(LouiseNevelson)的一些作品有时是非常大的”，故C项正确。14.【答案】略15.【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。extinguish“熄灭；偿清”；siege“围攻”；seduce“引诱”；estimate“估计；评价”。句意：一个简单的策略是尽量挽留员工待久点，为雇主提供更长的时间来发掘和评估最优秀的员工。由moretimeforemployerstospot可知D项正确。16.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。题干问的是根据这篇文章，除了哪一项外，下面的每一个都是拉格泰姆作品的一个特征？题干问的是根据这篇文章，除了哪一项外，下面的每一个都是拉格泰姆作品的一个特征？定位到第四段中Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass~inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.拉格泰姆作曲家不关心音乐主题的发展，而是完整地、完整地设定一个主题，并把它与各种相关的主题联系起来。拉格泰姆乐曲的张力来自于两种基本元素之间的对立:钢琴师左手弹连续低音(爵士音乐家称之为“boom-chickbass”)和右手弹有旋律的切分低音。可知D项“音乐主题的全面发展”不是拉格泰姆作曲的特点，故D项正确。A项“切分音”和B项“与旋律线不同的低音线”，C项“旋律强度不断上升”这段均有提及。2.判断推理题。定位到第二段中Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.有时有人指责拉格泰姆是机械的。例如，威尔弗雷德•米勒斯评论道，“拉格泰姆被转移到自动钢琴上，即使不是机器演奏，也应该像机器演奏一样具有细致的精确度。”然而，我们没有理由仅仅因为商业制造者对拉格泰姆音乐使用了机械录音的方法（这是当时记录钢琴演奏的唯一方法）就认为拉格泰姆本身就是机械的。拉格泰姆音乐不是机械的精度，也不局限于精度的表现风格。它源于拉格泰姆遵循的一种定义明确的形式，并在该形式中遵循简单的规则。可知C项“混淆了录音的手段和音乐的本质特征”正确。D项“夸大了专业的拉格泰姆音乐演奏者表演风格对这种音乐流派的影响”，A项“错误地将商业拉格泰姆音乐与更微妙的古典拉格泰姆风格区分开来”；B项“没有准确地描述拉格泰姆钢琴音乐的声音”；文中均未提及，故答案C3.判断推理题。题干问：从文中可推断出拉格泰姆音乐的本质被基于什么基础上的评论所遮蔽？定位到第二段中“However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.然而，没有理由仅仅因为商业制造商对拉格泰姆使用了一种机械录音方法，就认为拉格泰姆本身就是机械的，这是当时唯一一种录制钢琴的方法。”可知由于拉格泰姆用了一种机械录音法，故A项正确。4.判断推理题。题干问：下列哪一项在来源和艺术特征上与文中描述的拉格泰姆乐曲最为相似?A项“从复杂的爵士主题中衍生出来的交响乐。”；B项“一部以著名卡通人物为原型的实验性小说”；C项“演员们创造场景并即兴创作台词的一种戏剧作品”；D项“以民间舞蹈为基础的有纪律的舞蹈编排的芭蕾舞”。定位到第三段中“Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner拉格泰姆结构的目的是要以阶梯状的方式从一个主题上升到另一个主题······与最后一段中“Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.从这个意义上说，拉格泰姆音乐更像是十九世纪的民间音乐，而不是爵士乐。由此对应可推知有“folk-dancesteps民间舞蹈步伐”的D项正确。17.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项controversial“有争议的”；B选项pervasive“普遍的；到处渗透的”；C选项unchallenged“不成问题的；未引起争论的”；D选项renowned“著名的；有声望的”。句意：大约在1960年以前，几乎所有的进化理论都认为适应性是种群水平上的选择的结果；然而，对于这种······的选择观点，进化论的最新研究却没有找到任何依据。前部分提到“几乎所有进化理论都认为······”，可知这种观点是“普遍的”，B选项正确。18.【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项elegance“典雅；高雅”；B选项resolution“分辨率；解决；决心”；C选项sympathy“同情；赞同”；D选项originality“创意；独创性；原始”。句意：许多艺术家认为，成功的模仿远不是缺乏······的表现，而是学会创造的第一步。句中出现的“模仿”、“学会创造”表明，此处应表示“模仿成功不是缺乏创造力的表现”。D选项正确。19.【答案】Iamsurethattherearemanysurprisesinthisworld,somethingmuchdeeperthansurprise,somethinglastingandmeaningful.Thosewholivebetweenthebeautyandthewonderoftheearth,whetherasascientistorasachildofanon-scientist,areneveraloneorboredwithlife;Nomatterwhatproblemsorconcernstheyhaveintheirpersonallives,theirthoughtsfindtheirwaytoinnersatisfactionandrenewedpassionforlife.Thosewhogazeatthebeautyoftheearthfindreservesofpowerthatwilllastthemalifetime.Theysawinthemigrationofbirds,intheebbandflowofthetides,aconcretewonderandaprofoundbeauty.Inthecycleofnature,thereissomethinginfinitelyhealing.Darknessisthedawnofthepast,andwinteristheeternalguaranteeofspring.20.【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。carryawaywith表示“使失去自制力”。句意：这位歌手的表演是如此令人兴奋，以至于很多他的粉丝狂热而失去了自制力。D项符合题意。fantasize幻想、想象；stirup煽动；takeback带回。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题TheFirstWorldWarbeganinacontextofjargonandverbaldelicacyandcontinuedinacloudofeuphemismas（

）aslanguageandliterature,skillfullyused,couldmakeit.问题1选项A.enthrallingB.impenetrableC.lucidD.deliberate2.单选题Asseriousassheisaboutthebullfight,shedoesnotallowrespectto（

）hersenseofwhimsywhenpaintingit.问题1选项A.suppressB.inspireC.satisfyD.provoke3.单选题Whengiving