2023年考研考博考博英语首都经济贸易大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语首都经济贸易大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题This（）tothestudyofdiseasesistechnicallyreferredtoasepidemiological.问题1选项A.methodB.solutionC.meansD.approach2.单选题Themanagerspokehighlyofsuch（

）asloyalty,courageandtruthfulnessshownbyhisemployees.问题1选项A.virtuesB.featuresC.propertiesD.characteristics3.单选题Iwish（

）thatmuchmoneylastmonth.问题1选项A.IhadnotspentB.didnotspentC.wouldnothavespentD.havenotspent4.单选题Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（

）thought,time,andeffort.问题1选项A.significantB.enormousC.considerableD.numerous5.单选题Itisreportedthatfewerandfeweroftoday'sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（）thesamecompany.问题1选项A.muchworseB.letaloneC.allelseD.lesslikely6.单选题Being（）yourjobisfine,ofcourse,butyoushouldn'tletworkeatupallyourleisuretime.问题1选项A.trappedinB.committedtoC.convincedofD.confrontedwith7.单选题Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistancewehadtraveled,butwethoughtitwas（）fivemiles.问题1选项A.preciselyB.appropriatelyC.apparentlyD.approximately8.单选题Airpollution（

）tomanykindsofdiseases.问题1选项A.confirmsB.communicatesC.consumesD.contributes9.单选题Thereceptionwasattendedby（）membersofthelocalcommunity.问题1选项A.noticeableB.prominentC.conspicuousD.excellent10.单选题Americanstodaybelieve,erroneouslythatacceptablesocialbehaviorfollowseffortlesslyfrompersonalvirtue.The（1）betweenmoralsandmannershasbecomeblurred(模糊).Allyouneedisagoodheart,mostpeople（2）

andtherestwilltakecareofitself.Youdon'thavetowritethank-younotes.ManyAmericansbelievethatnaturalbehaviorisbeautiful.The"natural"（3）

tohumanrelationspresumesthattoknowanyperson（4）

istolovehim.Thattheonlyhumanproblemisacommunicationproblem.This

（5）

thatpeoplemightbeseparatedbybasic,genuinelyirreconcilable(不可调和的)differences-philosophical,political,orreligious-andassumesthatallsuchdifferencesare（

6）

misunderstandings.Indeed,ithasneverbeeneasiertoinsultpeopleinadvertently(非故意的).Agentlemanopensadoorforaladybecausehismothertaughthimthatladies（7）

suchcourtesies,butshe（8

）

andspitsinhiseyebecauseliehasinsultedherwomanhood.Ayounglady（9）

inacrowdedbustoanelderly,frailgentleman,andliegivesheradirtylookbecauseshehasinsultedhismanhood.

（10）

you,thosearejustpeopletryingtobenice;theonlyproblemisthattheyare

（11）

ondifferentsystemsofetiquette.Curiously,ithasneverbeen（12）

toinsultpeopleintentionally.Ifyousay,"YouarenastyandIhateyou”thepersonisapttoreply,"Oh,you'refeeling（13）

:I’llwaituntilyoufeelbetter.”Theideathatpeoplecanbehave"naturally"withoutresortingtoa(n)

（14）

codetacitly(心照不宣的)agreeduponbytheirsocietyisassillyastheideathattheycancommunicatebyusingalanguagewithout（15）

acceptedsemanticandgrammaticalrules.问题1选项A.instinctB.distinctionC.intuitionD.similarity问题2选项A.resumeB.performC.assumeD.conduct问题3选项A.approachB.wayC.roadD.means问题4选项A.enoughwellB.enoughgoodC.goodenoughD.wellenough问题5选项A.approvesB.deniesC.supportsD.disagrees问题6选项A.nomorethanB.notmorethanC.abitmorethanD.muchmorethan问题7选项A.dislikeB.appreciateC.thankD.approve问题8选项A.turnsoutB.turnsupC.turnsaroundD.looksaround问题9选项A.offeringB.offersC.offeredD.offer问题10选项A.MindB.WarnC.BewareD.Notice问题11选项A.doingB.assumingC.tryingD.operating问题12选项A.harderB.easierC.worseD.better问题13选项A.friendlyB.terribleC.disgustingD.hostile问题14选项A.naturalB.artificialC.unnaturalD.artistic问题15选项A.superficiallyB.profoundlyC.commonlyD.individually11.单选题Therewasonlyasmall（）inthecity'spopulationoverthelasttenyears.问题1选项A.intimacyB.immortalityC.incrementD.incidence12.单选题Thepresidentmadea（

）speechattheopeningceremonyofthesportsmeeting,whichencouragedthesportsmengreatly.问题1选项A.vigorousB.tediousC.flatD.harsh13.单选题Webookedroomsatthehotel（

）weshouldfindnovacanciesonourarrival.问题1选项A.wheneverB.ifC.sinceD.lest14.单选题Arecentstudy,publishedinlastweek'sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfromateenagedriver.Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengersisthreetimesaslikelytohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdrivingalone.Bycontrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59decreaseswitheachadditionalpassenger.Theauthoralsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreaseddramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight.Withpassengersinthecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident.RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighwaySafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershavelesstodowith"reallystupidbehavior"thanwithjustalackofdrivingexperience."Thebasicissue"hesays,"isthatadultswhoareresponsibleforissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledataskdrivingis."Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigate(使缓解)theproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems,inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.Agraduatedlicenserequiresthatateenagerfirstprovehimselfcapableofdrivinginthepresenceofanadult,followedbyaperiodofdrivingwithnightofpassengerrestrictions,beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges.Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedteenagedrivercrashes,accordingtorecentstudies.Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers.Californiaisthestrictest,withanovicedriverprohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20(withoutthepresenceofanadultover25)forthefirstsixmonths.1.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothepassage?2.AccordingtoRobertFoss,thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversismainlydueto（

）.3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?4.Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenagers'drivingaccidentsisthat（

）.

5.Thepresentsituationinabouthalfofthestatesisthatthegraduatedlicensingsystem（

）.问题1选项A.Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayafter10p.m.B.Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar.C.Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight.D.Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight.问题2选项A.theirfrequentdrivingatnightB.theirimproperwayofdrivingC.theirlackofdrivingexperienceD.theirdrivingwithpassengers问题3选项A.Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive.B.Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn.C.Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedrivinglessons.D.Thelicensingauthoritiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagers'drivingaccidents.问题4选项A.drivinginthepresenceofanadultshouldbemadearuleB.theyshouldbeprohibitedfromtakingonpassengersC.theyshouldnotbeallowedtodriveafter10p.m.D.thelicensingsystemshouldbeimproved问题5选项A.isunderdiscussionB.isabouttobesetupC.hasbeenputintoeffectD.hasbeenperfected15.单选题Monkeysandbeagleswerecentraltorecentstudieslinkingregularphysicalactivityandanenhanceddiettoimprovedbrainfunction.ThemonkeysparticipatedinanOregonHealthandScienceUniversitystudy.Itshowedprimatesthatexercisedregularly~usingatreadmillfivedaysperweek—hadahigherbraincapillaryvolumeafter20weeksthanacontrolgroupthatdidnotexercise.Also,monkeysintheexercisegroupmorerapidlylearnednewtasks.Thestudyshowedthatthemostsignificantbrainbenefitswereexperiencedbymonkeysdeemed“leastfit”atthestartofthetrial.TheOregonresearcherssaidstudyingmonkeyseliminatesanyskewingfromthedecidedlyhumanbehaviorsofsmoking,drinkingandovereating.ThefindingswerediscussedattheannualmeetingoftheSocietyforNeuroscienceinNewOrleans.Anothernewstudyemployed39beaglestotestthebrain-enhancingeffectivenessofantioxidant-richfoods(especiallythoserichinvitaminsCandEandbetacarotene).UniversityofTorontoresearchersdiscoveredthatolddogsmightpossiblyevenlearnsomenewtrickswiththeproperfortifiedfoodintheirdinnerbowls.“Wefoundolddogsontheantioxidantdietperformedbetteronavarietyofcognitiveteststhandogsnotonthediet,”saidP.DwightTapp,astudyco-authornowbasedattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.”Infact,thedogseatingtheantioxidant-fortifiedfoodsperformedaswellasyoungbeagles.”Fortheuninitiated―orthoseofuswhohaveneverlivedwithanoldbeagleorothercanines—dogscanexperiencethesamememorylossandslowedcognitivefunctionthatoccurinhumans.Tappandcolleaguesfoundthattheantioxidant-richdiethelpedimprovecognitiveskillsinolddogsbutnotyoungdogs.Afollow-upstudyisongoingtodetermineiffeedingtheyoungerdogsthespecialdiethelpspreventlossofbrainfunction.ArthurF.Kramerfigurestostickwithhumansinhisbrainresearch.KramerisaprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.Hewasleadauthoronapioneeringstudypublishedearlierthisyearthatshowedpositivephysiologicalchangesinbrainmatterduetoregularexercise.Thetypicalmanorwomanlosesbrainmatteraspartoftheagingprocess.Inafirst,Kramerandcolleaguesusedmagnetic-resonanceimaging(MRI)scanstoshowthatindividuals55andolderwhoexerciseregularly—walkingbrisklyfor20minutesthreetimesperweek—canpreservegray-andwhite-matterregionsofthebrain.”Thegreatthingisitdoesn'ttaketoolongtorealizethesebenefits,”Kramersaid,“Wesawsignificantcognitiveimprovementinpeople55andolderoverjustsixmonths.“Graymatterconsistsofaseriesofthintissuelayersinbraincellssuchasneuronsthatarecriticaltolearningandmemory.Whitematterisfoundinthemyelinsheathcontainingnervefibersthattransmitsignalsthroughoutthebrain.Aspeopleage,beginningafter30,thetwotypesofmattershrinkinapatterncloselymatchedbydecreasedcognitiveperformance,Kramersaid.Kramerandhiscolleagueshavecompletedothercutting-edgeresearchaboutthebrainandregularphysicalactivity.Onestudyslottedfor2004publicationfollowsuponthegray/white-matterstudy.Preliminaryresultsindicatethatthesamesortofbriskwalkingwillenhancetheperformancecapabilitiesofcorticalcircuitsinthebrain.“Wearereportingonfunctionandnotjustthephysiologyofthegrayandwhitematter,’，Kramerexplained.Anotherstudytobepublishedin2004buildsonearlierfindingsthatactiveolderwomenonhormone-replacementtherapyexhibitgreatercognitiveabilitiesthanoldermenwhoareregularexercisers.Innewfindings,Kramerandcolleagueshavefoundlessactualbraintissuedeteriorationinwomen55andolderwhohavehigherlevelsofestrogenintheirbodies.Despitebeinga“formerjock,”Kramerdidn'texpectthathisresearchcareerwouldturnsodirectlytowardfitnessandphysicalactivity.Hehasbecomealeadingresearcherintheareaduringthelastdecadeand,alongwithseveralcolleagues,turnedtheUniversityofIllinoisintoarespectedcenterforresearchonhealthyaging.“Thereisnodownsidetophysicalactivityforolderadultswhogetclearancefromtheirphysicianstostartaprogram,”hesaid,“Weknowitcanhelppreventheartdiseaseandprotectagainststrokedamage.Nowwearebuildingevidencethatregularphysicalactivityallowsyoutothinkbetter.”1.ThestudyconductedbyOregonHealthandScienceUniversityshowedthat（）.2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementaboutantioxidant-richfoodsisfalse?3.ArthurF.Kramerisaprofessorin（）.4.Accordingtothepassage,peoplebegintoageafter（）.5.FromProfessorKramer’sresearch,wecaninferthat（）.问题1选项A.monkeyscanlearnnewtasksmorerapidlyiftheyexercisedregularlythananyotheranimalsB.regularphysicalexercisecanhelptopromotethebrainfunctionC.monkeysaremorecooperativethanhumanbeingD.monkeysaregoodatusingtreadmill问题2选项A.Antioxidant-richfoodsarerichinvitaminsCandEandbetacarotene.B.Antioxidant-richfoodscanhelpthebraintoperformbetter.C.Olddogsmightpossiblyevenlearnsomenewtricksiftheyhaveantioxidant-richfoods.D.Antioxidant-richfoodshelpedimprovecognitiveskillsnotonlyinolddogsbutalsoinyoungdogs.问题3选项A.OregonHealthandScienceUniversityB.theUniversityofTorontoC.theUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvineD.theUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign问题4选项A.33B.55C.39D.30问题5选项A.gray-andwhite-matterinthebrainareimportantindecidingaperson’scognitiveabilityB.whitematteriscriticaltolearningandmemoryC.peoplewhoare55andoldercanonlypreservetheirgray-andwhite-matterinthebrainbywalkingD.6weeksofexercisingregularly—walkingbrisklyfor20minutesthreetimesperweek—isenoughforkeepinghealthy16.单选题Everybody,studentsandteachersalike,（）gladthatJackhassignedupforthecompositioncontest.问题1选项A.areB.isC.doD.does17.单选题Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople'scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthatthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker'shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerican（

）.2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?4.Whichofthefollowingisnotlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreatestextent?问题1选项A.becauseofsmokingB.thoughtheydon'tsmokeC.becausetheirparentssmokeD.thoughtheirparentsdon'tsmoke问题2选项A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreatheinB.iftheylivetogetherC.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilitiesD.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon'tharmthem问题3选项A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking.B.Somenon-smokersmaydieoflungcancerbecauseofsecondhandsmoking.C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking.D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself.问题4选项A.Theyaremorelikelytobesick.B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease.C.Theytendtohavethebadaffectastheygrowup.D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer.问题5选项A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers.B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking.C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking.D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents.18.单选题Physicsis（

）tothesciencewhichwascallednaturalphilosophyinhistory.问题1选项A.alikeB.equivalentC.likelyD.uniform19.单选题Theindividualmobility,convenience,andstatusgivenbytheprivatepassengercarofferaseeminglyunbeatableattraction.In1987,arecord126,000carsrolledoffassemblylineseachworkingday,andcloseto400millionvehicleschokeuptheworld’sstreetstoday.Butthecar'susefulnesstotheindividualstandsinsharpcontrasttothecostsandburdensthatsocietymustshouldertoprovideanautomobile-centeredtransportationsystem.SincethedaysofHenryFord,societieshavemadeasteadystreamoflawstoprotectdriversfromeachotherandthemselves,aswellastoprotectthegeneralpublicfromtheunintendedeffectsofmassiveautomobileuse.Lawmakershavestruggledoverthecompetinggoalsofunlimitedmobilityandtheindividual’sfighttobefreeofthenoise,pollution,andphysicaldangersthattheautomobileoftenbrings.Priortotheseventies,theauto’susefulnessandassuredroleinsocietywerehardlyquestioned.Evenworriesaboutuprisinggaspricesandfiiturefuelavailabilitysubsided（减退）intheeightiesalmostasquicklyastheyhademerged.Carsalesrecovered,drivingisup,andwealthycustomersareoncemoreshoppingforhighperformancecars.Themotorvehicleindustry'sapparentsuccessindealingwiththechallengesoftheseventieshasobscuredtheharmfullong-termtrendsofautomobilecenteredtransportation.Risinggasolineconsumptionwillbeforelongputincreasedpressureonoilproductioncapacities.Inaddition,asmoreandmorepeoplecanaffordtheirowncarsandasmassmotorizationtakeshold,trafficjambecomesatoughproblem.Andmotorvehiclesareimportantcontributorstourbanairpollution,acidrain,andglobalwarming.Society'sinterestinfuelsupplysecurity,theintegrityofitscities,andprotectionoftheenvironmentcallsforafundamentalrethinkingoftheautomobile’srole.Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsarethemostobviousandimmediatemeasuresthatcanbeadopted.Buttheycanonlybepartoftheanswer.Intheyearsahead,thechallengewillbetodevelopinnovative（革新的）transportationpolicies.1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirstparagraph?2.Thephrase"rolledoffassemblylines"（Para.I,Lines2）means（）.3.Thepassagestatesthatthereis（）.4.Itisimpliedthattheauto'sassuredroleinsocietyis（）.5.Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsare（）.问题1选项A.Acarprovidesitsownerwithasenseofsafety.B.Agoodcarallowsitsownertotravelfree.C.Agoodcarindicatesitsowner'shighsocialposition.D.Acaraddstoitsowner'sattractiveness.问题2选项A."wereturnedoutfromfactories"B."movedalongproductionlines"C."movedalongthestreets"D."werelinedupinthestreets"问题3选项A.asharpcontrastbetweenthecostandusefulnessofthecarsB.asharpcontrastbetweenthecostandperformanceofthecarsC.asharpconflictbetweencardriversandtrafficrulesD.asharpcontradictionbetweentheconvenienceofcarownersandtheburdensofsociety问题4选项A.threatenedbytherisinggaspricesB.challengedbyaseriesoffundamentalproblemsC.protectedbylawD.firmlyestablished问题5选项A.onlypartofthesolutiontomassiveautomobileuseB.thebestwaytocopewiththemassiveuseofcarsC.innovativetransportationpoliciesD.futurepoliciesoftheautomobileindustry20.单选题Theotherdayanacquaintanceofmine,anoutgoingandcharmingman,toldmehehadfoundhimselfunexpectedlyaloneinNewYorkforanhourortwobetweenappointments.HewenttotheWhitneyandspentthe“empty”timelookingatthingsin（1）solitarydelight.Forhimitprovedtobeashocknearlyasgreatasfallingin（2）todiscoverthathecouldenjoyhimselfsomuchalone.Whathadhebeenafraidof,I（3）myself?That,suddenlyalone,hewoulddiscoverthatlieboredhimself,orthattherewas,quitesimply,noselftheretomeet?Buthavingtakentheplunge,heisnowonthebrinkof（4）;heisabouttobelaunchedintohisowninnerspace,spaceasimmense,unexploredandsometimesfrighteningasouterspacetotheastronaut.Hiseveryperceptionwillcometohimwithanewfreshnessand,foratime,seemstartlinglyoriginal.Foranyone（5）canseethingsforhimselfwithanakedeyebecomes,foramomentortwo,somethingofagenius.Withanotherhumanbeingpresentvisionbecomesdoublevision,inevitably.Wearebusywondering,whatdoesmycompanionseeorthinkofthis,andwhatdoIthinkofit?The（6）impactgetslost,ordiffused.Lonelinessismostacutelyfeltwithotherpeople,forwithothers,（7）withaloversometimes,wesufferfromourdifferencesoftasteandmood.Alonewecanaffordtobewhollywhateverweareandtofeelwhatever（8）feelabsolutely.Thatisagreatluxury!Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatforthelasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding.When1canwakeupandwatchthesunriseovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichto（9）afewpages,takeawalkwithmydog,liedownintheafternoonforalongthink(whydoesonethinkbetterina（10）position?),readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness.问题1选项A.veryB.suchC.soD.much问题2选项A.loveB.emotionC.fancyD.passion问题3选项A.ponderedB.enquiredC.askedD.thought问题4选项A.activityB.adventureC.excitementD.danger问题5选项A.whoB.whomC.thatD.they问题6选项A.originalB.basicC.clearD.lonely问题7选项A.althoughB.stillC.evenD.but问题8选项A.oneB.theyC.usD.we问题9选项A.inscribeB.composeC.cutD.write问题10选项A.horizontalB.verticalC.painlessD.motionless第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。由句意可知，tothestudyofdiseases修饰空缺处的名词，A、C、D三个选项都可以表示“方法，方式”，但是只有approach可以与to搭配表示“.…..的方法”，method和means后不接to。solution表示“解决方案”，与句意不符，可排除。因此，本题正确答案为D项。【句意】这种疾病研究方法在技术上称之为流行病学法。2.【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。virtue“美德，优秀品质”；feature“特征，特点”；property“特性，性能，财产”；characteristic“特征，特点”。句意：经理高度赞扬了员工所体现的忠诚、勇敢和诚实的优秀品质。题干中的loyalty，courage和truthfulness都属于“优秀的品质”，因此答案选A。3.【答案】A【解析】考察虚拟语气。根据lastmonth可知此处是与过去事实相反的情况，因此wish后面要用过完完成时态。选项A符合题意。句意：我希望我上个月没花这么多钱。4.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。significant“有重大意义的，显著的”;enormous“巨大的,庞大的”；considerable“相当多（或大、重要等）的”；numerous“众多的，许多的”一般用来修饰可数名词。句意：写作是一个缓慢的过程，需要大量的思考、时间和努力。根据题干中的“thought,time,andeffort”可知C项符合题意。因此答案选C。5.【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项muchworse“更糟糕的是...”；B选项letalone“更不用说，听任，不打扰”；C选项allelse“其他所有”；D选项lesslikely“最不可能的”。句意：据报道，如今越来越少的工人希望自己的职业生涯都在同一领域工作，更不用说同一家公司了。选项B符合句意。6.【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项betrappedin表示“被困在；陷入困境”；B选项becommittedto表示“致力于；委身于”；C选项beconvincedof表示“确信；认识到”；D选项beconfrontedwith表示“面临，面对”。根据youshouldn'tletworkeatupallyourleisuretime可知，虽然致力于工作是好的，但你不应该让工作占据所有的休闲时间。因此，B选项最符合句意，故本题正确答案为B。7.【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项precisely表示“精确地，恰恰”；B选项appropriately表示“恰当地，合适地”；C选项apparently表示“显然地，表面上”；D选项approximately表示“大约，近似地”。根据句中关键信息Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistance可知，我们没有办法测量准确距离。所以后文中的距离只能是大约值，因此本题正确答案为D项。【句意】我们没有办法测量走过的准确距离，但我们认为大约是5英里。8.【答案】D【解析】考察动词词义辨析。confirm“确认；确定；证实”；communicate“传达；感染；显露”；consume“消耗，消费”；contribute“贡献，捐献”。contributeto“有助于，捐献”。句意：空气污染导致各种疾病。9.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项noticeable表示“显而易见的，显著的”；B选项prominent表示“突出的，显著的，杰出的”；C选项conspicuous表示“显著的，显而易见的”；D选项excellent表示“卓越的，杰出的”。根据句意“来参加这场邀请会的都是当地的杰出人物”，可排除A、C选项，prominent是指名誉和地位很突出，相比excellent语义更重，故本题正确答案为B选项。10.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B第6题:A第7题:B第8题:C第9题:B第10题:A第11题:D第12题:A第13题:B第14题:B第15题:C【解析】1.考察名词词义辨析。instinct“本能”，distinction“区别”，intuition“直觉”；similarity“相似”。根据后面blur（模糊）这个词可知此处讲述的是“美德”与“礼貌”之间的“区别”已经被模糊化，因此选项B符合题意。2.考察动词词义辨析。resume“重新开始，继续，恢复”；perform“执行；完成；表演”；assume“假定；设想”；conduct“组织，实施；表现”。Mostpeople____在此处是个插入语，空格处所在句子的大意是：你需要的只是一颗善良的新，大部分人设想，剩下的事情会自己解决。选项C符合题意。3.考察固定搭配。way,approach,means都有“方法”的意思，但搭配不同。approachto+n./doingsth;waytodo/ofdoingsth和bymeansof均为“做某事的方法”，根据横线后是名词判断答案是A。4.考察语法结构。考察enough的用法以及good/well的区别。good是形容词，well为副词。enough修饰形容词或副词时，应置于其后。根据前文动词know，可知空格处应该填入一个副词，因此选项D符合题意。5.考察动词词义辨析。approve“批准；赞成；满意”；deny“否认”；support“支持”，disagree“不同意”。前面提到“人类唯一的问题是沟通问题”（theonlyhumanproblemsisacommunicationproblem）,后文提到“这些差异都是误解”（allsuchdifferencesare___misunderstanding）,说明导致沟通问题的原因只是因为误解，而不是哲学、政治、或者宗教这些层面的差异，所以空格处填入“否认”这个词符合题意，选项B符合。6.考察词组辨析。nomorethan“仅仅，只是”；notmorethan“不超过，至多”；abitmore“多一点”；muchmorethan“更加，多得多”。根据前文可知“这些禅意仅仅是因为误解”，选项A符合题意。7.考察动词词义辨析。dislike“不喜欢”；appreciate“欣赏”；thank“感谢”；approve“批准，赞成”。空格处所在句子的大意为：绅士为女士开门是因为他的母亲告诉他女士___这样的行为，根据常识，可知是“欣赏这样的行为”，选项B符合题意。8.考察词组辨析。turnout“证明是，结果是”;turnup“出现；发生；开大”；turnaround“转身”；lookaround“四处看”,根据并列连词but可知此句与上文是转折关系，那位女士并没有欣赏他的行为，而是转身给他一个白眼，选项C符合题意。9.考察主谓一致。根据andliegivesher…，可知空格处的谓语动词也应该是一般现在时，主语为ayounggirl，所以动词用第三人称单数，选项B符合题意。10.考察固定搭配。mindyou是口语，意思是“请注意”。选项A符合题意。11.考察动词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的大意是：唯一的问题是他们在不同的礼仪体系进行操作。选项D符合题意。12.考察上下文逻辑。上一段提到indeed,ithasneverbeeneasiertoinsultpeopleinadvertently，此处intentionally“故意地”可知此处应是与这一句意思相反，因此选项A符合题意。13.考察形容词词义辨析。friendly“友好地”；terrible“糟糕的”；disgusting“令人厌恶的”；hostile“怀有敌意的；敌对的”。根据前文的“nasty”“hate”可知是感觉很糟糕，所以选项B符合题意。14.考察形容词词义辨析。natural“自然的”；artificial“人造的，人为的”；unnatural“不自然的”；artistic“艺术的”。由codetacitlyagreeduponbytheirsociety和acceptedsemanticandgrammaticalrules“公认的语义和语法规则”可知填artificial表示“人为的”符合文意。15.考察副词词义辨析。superficially“表面地”；profoundly“深刻地”；commonly“一般地”；individually“个别地”。空格处所在句子的大意为：他们能使用一种不被大众接受的语义和语法规则。选项C符合题意。11.【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项intimacy表示“性关系，亲密；亲昵行为”；B选项immortality表示“不朽，不灭”；C选项increment表示“增量，增加，盈余”；D选项incidence表示“发生率，影响，后果”。由句意“在过去十年里，这个城市的人口只有少量”可知，只有C项最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为C项。12.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。vigorous“充满活力的，精力充沛的”;tedious“冗长的，单调乏味的”；flat“平淡的，平坦的”；harsh“严酷的，恶劣的”。句意：校长在运动会的开幕式上做了慷慨激昂的演讲，这极大地鼓舞了运动员们。根据下文which从句的内容可知这个演讲是慷慨激昂的，故A项符合题意，答案选A。13.【答案】D【解析】考查语法中连词的用法。A项whenever表示“无论何时”；B项if表示“如果；是否”；C项since表示“自从；既然”；D项lest表示“以免，唯恐”，根据句意以及逻辑关系可知，本题正确答案为D项。14.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。题干要求判断四个选项中哪种情况最危险。根据原文前两段可知，青少年驾车载着超过3名乘客出行发生致命事故的概率是那些独自开车青少年的3倍，而青少年司机的死亡率在晚上10点，特别是午夜之后急剧上升。因此，B选项正确。A选项“成年人在晚上10点钟后搭载青少年”与C选项“成年人在晚上很晚时搭载3名以上青少年乘客”均不正确。D选项“青少年在午夜搭陌生人的车”在原文没有提及，可排除。2.细节事实题。题干询问RobertFoss认为青少年死亡率高的原因。根据题干定位至原文第三段第一句可知，青少年司机的死亡率高与其真正愚蠢的行为关系不大，而是因为他们缺乏驾驶经验，故本题正确答案为C。A选项“频繁在晚上驾驶”：B选项“他们不恰当的驾驶方式”；D选项“他们载乘客驾驶”均与原文不符，故排除。3.细节事实题。A选项“青少年应该花更多的时间学习驾驶”在原文并未提及，可排除；B选项“驾驶对青少年来说太复杂了所以学不会”，属于无中生有，可排除；C选项“青少年申请参加驾驶课程应当有一些限制”由第三段内容不能得出，可排除。根据原文第三段最后一句可知，根本问题是，负责发放驾照的成年人没有意识到驾驶是一项多么复杂和需要熟练度的任务。也就是说驾照发行机构应该对此事负有一定的责任。因此，只有D项与原文内容相符，故本题正确答案为D选项。4.事实细节题。根据原文倒数第二段thewaytomitigatetheproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsyste