2023年考研考博考博英语西南大学考试高频考点参考题库答案

2023年考研考博考博英语西南大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.翻译题TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoEnglish

如今，计算机在社会上起着重要的作用。他们明显地改变了我们工作、学习和购物的方式。但是，尽管计算机产业正给我们带来以往梦想不到的好处，它也造成一些严重的问题。譬如说，人们越来越担心电力通讯方面不道德的行为。盗版、窃取数据以及病毒破坏活动十分猖獗。这些行为应视作为犯罪吗？我们怎样才能制止这些行为？人们的另一个忧虑与过分依赖计算机有关。计算机不像人们想象的那样可靠，因特网上的猎息有可能是虚假的。更糟糕的是，过度依赖计算机也许会削弱我们进行挑剔思维的能力，还会在人们之间造成陣碍。受海啸影响最轻的马来西亚，在海啸发生后，当地的第二大支柱产业一一旅游业一一大受影响。1月19日马来西亚旅游部门的相关官员就表示，政府也在积极地采取对策，希望能尽快地恢复各国游客的信心。马来西亚旅游局官员表示，海啸中马来西亚没有外国游客死亡，旅游设施也完好，受影响的西岸一些酒店己经正常营业。2.单选题Withtherapidglobalizationofscienceitself(morethan40percentofscientificPh.D.studentstrainedintheUnitedStatesarenowforeignnationals,roughlyhalfofwhomreturntotheircountriesoforigin),theonceundisputedU.S.scientificlead,whetherrelevanttoproductleadornot,isdiminishing.ThecompetitionofforeignstudentsforpositionsinU.S.graduateschoolshasalsocontributedtomakingscientifictrainingrelativelyunattractivetoU.S.students,becausetherapidlyincreasingsupplyofstudentshasdiminishedtherelativerewardsofthiscareerpath.Forthebestandbrightestfromlow-incomecountries,apositionasaresearchassistantintheUnitedStatesisattractive,whereasthebestandbrightestU.S.studentsmightnowseebetteroptionsinotherfields.Scienceandengineeringcareers,totheextentthattheyareopeninguptoforeigncompetition(whetherimportedoravailablethroughbettercommunication),alsoseemtobebecomingrelativelylessattractivetoU.S.students.Withrespecttotheroleofuniversitiesintheinnovationprocess,the”speculativeboomofthe1990s(which,amongotherthings,madeitpossibletoconvertscientificfindingsintocashratherquickly)waslargelyunexpected.Theboombroughtuniversitiesandtheirfacultiesintomuchclosercontactwithprivatemarketsastheytriedtogainasmuchoftheeconomicdividendsfromtheirdiscoveriesaspossible.Forawhile,thepathbetweendiscoveriesinbasicscienceandnewflowsofhardcashwasconsiderablyshortened.Butduringthenextfewdecades,thispathlikelywillreverttowarditsmoretraditionallengthandreestablish,inahealthyway,themoretraditional(andmoreindependent)relationshipbetweenthebasicresearchdoneatuniversitiesandthoseentitiesthattranslateideasintoproductsandservices.Intheinterveningyears,anothernewforcealsogreatlyfacilitatedglobalization:therapidgrowthoftheInternetandcheapwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication.Today,complexdesignactivitiescantakeplaceinlocationsquiteremovedfrommanufacturing,otherbusinessfunctions,andtheconsumer.Indeed,thereisnowampleopportunityforreal-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctionsthatarequiteindependentoftheirspecificlocations.Forexample,softwaredevelopment,withallitschangesandcomplications,cantoaconsiderableextentbedoneoverseasforaU.S.customer.Foreigncallcenterscanrespondinstantlytoquestionsfromthousandsofmilesaway.Theresultisthatlow-wageworkersintheFarEastandinsomeothercountriesarecomingintoevermoredirectcompetitionwithamuchwiderspectrumofU.S.labor:unskilledinthecaseofcallcenters;morehighlyskilledinthecaseofprogrammers.1.Therapidglobalizationofscience（

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2.Accordingtothistext（

）.3.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat（

）.

4.Allofthefollowingmighthavecontributedtoglobalizationexcept（

）.

5.Thistextismainlyabout（

）.问题1选项A.hasledtotherapidgrowthoftheInternetB.hasdiminishedtherelativerewardsofscienceandengineeringcareersC.hasresultedinthefiercecompetitionofscientifictrainingintheUSD.hascontributedtothediminishofU.S.scientificleadership问题2选项A.thecareersunattractivetoU.S.studentsmaynotbesotoforeignstudentsB.scienceandengineeringcareersareunattractiveexclusivelytoU.S.studentsC.U.S.studentsarenotcourageousenoughtofaceforeigncompetitionD.U.S.studentsarenotwellpreparedtocompetewithforeignstudents问题3选项A.scientistsrarelyexpecttomakemoneyfromtheirdiscoveriesinbasicscienceB.itwillbemucheasiertoconvertscientificfindingsintocashinthenearfutureC.theboomofthe1990scouldbeconsideredsomewhatunhealthyD.theboomofthe1990swilllastatleastforseveraldecades问题4选项A.theunprecedenteddevelopmentofInternetB.theclosercontactofuniversitieswithprivatemarketsC.real-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctionsD.theprevalenceofwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication问题5选项A.thescientificleadershipoftheU.SB.theshortageofscientistsintheU.SC.TherapidglobalizationofscienceD.Bettercommunicationandglobalization3.单选题Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisansdesigners,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldhetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldthevalvesbeplaced?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentailhardthinking,nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessesandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.1.Inthetext,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorthinksengineeringcurriculaare

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesthemainpointofthefirsttwoparagraphsofthetext?4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbestserveasanintroductiontothetext?5.TheauthorcabthepredicamentfacedbytheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordparadoxical(line6,paragraph3)mostprobablybecause（

）.问题1选项A.identifyingthekindsofthinkingthatareusedbytechnologists.B.stressingtheimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineeringdesign.C.proposinganewrolefornonscientificthinkinginthedevelopmentoftechnology.D.contrastingthegoalsofengineerswiththoseoftechnologists.问题2选项A.strengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign.B.weakenedbythesubstitutionofphysicalsciencecoursesforcoursesdesignedtodevelopmathematicalskills.C.strongbecausenonverbalthinkingisstillemphasizedbymostofthecourses.D.strongdespitetheerrorsthatgraduatesofsuchcurriculahavemadeinthedevelopmentofautomaticcontrolsystems.问题3选项A.Whenamachinelikearotaryenginemalfunctions,itisthetechnologistwhoisbestequippedtorepairit.B.Eachcomponentofanautomobile—forexample,theengineorthefueltank—hasashapethathasbeenscientificallydeterminedtobebestsuitedtothatcomponent’sfunction.C.Atelephoneisacomplexinstrumentdesignedbytechnologistsusingonlynonverbalthought.D.Thedistinctivefeaturesofasuspensionbridgereflectitsdesigner’sconceptualizationaswellasthephysicalrequirementsofitssite.问题4选项A.Theassumptionthattheknowledgeincorporatedintechnologicaldevelopmentsmustbederivedfromscienceignoresthemanynonscientificdecisionsmadebytechnologists.B.AnalyticalthoughtisnolongeravitalcomponentinthesuccessoftechnologicaldevelopmentC.Asknowledgeoftechnologyhasincreased,thetendencyhasbeentolosesightoftheimportantroleplayedbyscientificthoughtinmakingdecisionsaboutform,arrangementandtexture.D.Amovementinengineeringcollegestowardatechnician’sdegreereflectsademandforgraduateswhohavethenonverbalreasoningabilitythatwasoncecommonamongengineers.问题5选项A.thepublicationneededdrawingsthatitsownstaffcouldnotmake.B.architecturalschoolsofferedbutdidnotrequireengineeringdesigncoursesfortheirstudents.C.collegestudentswerequalifiedtomakethedrawingswhilepracticingengineerswerenot.D.engineeringstudentswerenottrainedtomakethetypeofdrawingsneededtorecordthedevelopmentoftheirowndiscipline.4.翻译题ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclassesfiction,biography,poetry―weshouldseparatethemandlakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionwhenweread,whatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor,trytobecomehim.Behisfellowworkerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefinesse,fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,and,quaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.5.单选题Ifwe（

）ourrelationswiththatcountry,we’llhavetofindanothersupplierofrawmaterials.问题1选项A.diffuseB.diminishC.terminateD.preclude6.单选题Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(毁灭性的)tragedywastheprovocation.TheobserverofWarsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingfromrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotionaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponses,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoelicitassistancefromothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention.So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress.UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposuretocutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasamemosofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.AtTulaneUniversity’sTeatAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(药物),todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof”dryeye"syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.AtColumbiaUniversityDr.LiasyFadsandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluesIothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.1.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat（

）.2.Whatdoes“boththoseresponsestotears"(Line6,Para,1)referto?3.“Counterproductive”(Lines7,Para,1)veryprobablymeans“（

）”.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcrying?5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?问题1选项A.sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmericanB.cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedyC.cryingusuallywiresympathyfromotherpeopleD.onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed问题2选项A.Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.B.Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.C.Thetearshedder'sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttostopthecrying.D.Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.问题3选项A.havingnoeffectatallB.leadingtotensionC.producingdisastrousimpactD.harmfultohealth问题4选项A.ItisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironmentB.itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvivalC.Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.D.Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.问题5选项A.Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.B.Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionalterns.C.Emotionaltearscangiveriseto"dryeye'syndromeinsomecasesD.Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.7.单选题Ifwouldbedifficultforoneso（）tobeledtobelievethatallmenareequalandthatwemustdisregardrace,color,andcreed.问题1选项A.emotionalB.broadmindedC.tolerantD.intolerant8.单选题Weworktomakemoney,butitis（

）athatpeoplewhoworkhardandlongoftendonotmakethemostmoney.问题1选项A.dilemmaB.conflictC.prejudiceD.paradox9.单选题Itwasacold,rainyandwhollymiserableafternooninWashington,andahotmuggynightinMiami.ItwasSunday,andthreegameswereplayedinthetwocities.Thepeopleplayingthemandthepeoplewatchingthemtellusmuchabouttheever-changingethnicstructureoftheUnitedStates.ProfessionalfootballintheUnitedStatesisalmostwhollyplayedbynative-bornAmericancitizens,mostlyverylargeandverystrong,manyofthemblack,itisagameofphysicalstrength.Linemenroutinelyweighmorethan300pounds.Playersarevaluedfortheirweighandmuscles,forhowfasttheycanrun,andhowhardtheycanhiteachother.Footballdrawsthebiggestcrowds,buttheteamsplayonlyonceaweek,becausetheygetsobattered.The67.204fanswereinMiamiforthefinalgameofthebaseballWorldSeries.BaseballwasonceAmerica'sfavoritegame,buthaslostthatclaimtobasketball.Baseballisagamethatrequiresstrength,butnothugeness.Agility,quickness,perfectvisionandquickreactionaremoreimportantthanpurestrength.BaseballwasonceapurelyAmericangame,buthasspreadaroundmuchoftheNewWorld.InthatSunday'sfinal,thefinalhitoftheextrainninggamewasdeliveredbyanativeofColumbia.TheMostValuablePlayerinthegamewasanativeofColumbia.TherostersofbothteamswereawashwithHispanicnames,asisMiami,whichnowclaimstheWorldChampionshipisagamethatmaybelosingpopularityinAmerica,buthasgaineditinmuchoftherestoftheworld.BaseballinAmericahastakenonastrongHispanicflavor,withadashofJapaneseaddedforseasoning.Soccer,whichmanycountriesjustcallfootball,isthemostwidelyenjoyedsportintheworld.Insoccer,whichmanycountriesjustcallfootball,theethnictidehasbeenthereverseofbaseball.Untilrecently,professionalsoccerintheUnitedStateshaslargelybeenanimport,playedbysouthAmericansandEuropeans.Now,Americancitizensinlargenumbersarefinallytakingupthemostpopulargameintheworld.Basketball,anAmericaninventionincreasinglyplayedaroundtheworld,thesedaysdrawslargecrowdsbackhome.Likewise,hockey,agamelargelyimportedtotheUnitedStatesfromneighboringCanada.Lacrosse,aversionofwhichwasplayedbyNativeAmericansbeforetheEuropeansarrived,isalsogainingakeennationalfollowing.SportsofallkindsarewinningsupportfromAmericanarmchairenthusiastsfromavarietyofethnicbackgrounds.1.Whichofthefollowingcatreflecttheever-changingethnicstructureofAmerica?2.WhoplayprofessionalfootballintheUnitedStates?3.WhatisAmerica’sfavoritegame?4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsocceristrue?5.Theauthorofthepassagewantstotellusthat（

）.问题1选项A.Sportsman.B.Audience.C.Bothofthem.D.Noneofthem.问题2选项A.Native-bornAmericancitizens.B.Europeans.C.SouthAmericans.D.BothBandC.问题3选项A.Baseball.B.Basketball.C.Professionalfootball.D.Soccer.问题4选项A.Insoccerandbasketball,theethnictideisdifferent.B.Untilrecently,soccerbecomesanimportantgame,somanynativeAmericansplayit.C.Itisthemostpopulargameintheworld,somanyAmericancitizenstakeupit.D.Althoughsocceristhemostpopulargameintheworld,Americancitizensinlargenumbersdonotlikefirst.问题5选项A.AmericanslikesportsandsportsrevealmuchaboutthechangingethnicstructureoftheUnitedStatesB.InWashington,severalgamesareplayedinonedayC.AmericanslikeallkindsofgamesD.TheAmericangamesarewatchedbynative-Americansandplayedbypeoplefromdifferentcountries10.单选题OnemotivationalanalystwhobecamecurioustoknowtherehadbeensuchagreatriseinimpulsebuyingatsupermarketswasJamesVicary.Hesuspectedthatsomespecialpsychologymustbegoingoninsidethewomenastheyshoppedinsupermarkets.Hissuspicionwasthatperhapstheyunderwentsuchanincreaseintensionwhenconfrontedwithsomanypossibilitiesthattheywereforcedintomakingquickpurchases.Hesetouttofindoutifthisweretrue.Thebestwaytodetectwhatwasgoingoninsidetheshopperwasthroughtheuseofagalvanometerorliedetector.Thatobviouslywasimpractical.Thenextbestthingwastouseahiddenmotion-picturecameraandrecordtheeye-blinkrateofthewomenastheyshopped.Howfastapersonblinkshiseyesisaprettygoodindexofhisstateofinnertension.Theaverageperson,accordingtoMr.Vicary,normallyblinkshiseyesabout32timesaminute.Ifheistense,heblinksthemmorefrequently;and,underextremetension,hemayblinkupto50or60timesaminute.Ifheisnotablyrelaxed,ontheotherhand,hiseye-blinkratemaydroptoasubnormaltwentyorless.Mr.Vicarysetuphiscamerasandstartedfollowingtheladiesastheyenteredthestore.Theresultswerestartling,eventohim.Theireye-blinkrate,insteadofgoinguptoindicatemountingtension,wentdownanddown,toaverysubnormalfourteenblinksaminute.TheladiesfellintowhatMr.Vicarycallsahypnoidaltrance,alightkindoftrancethat,heexplains,isthefirststageofhypnosis.Mr.Vicaryhasdecidedthatthemaincauseofthetranceisthatthesupermarketispackedwithproductswhichinformeryearswouldhavebeenitemsonlykingsandqueenscouldhaveaffordedandhereinthisfairylandtheywereavailabletoall.Mr.Vicarytheorizes:’’Justwithinthisgeneration,anyonecanbeakingorqueenandgothroughthesestoreswheretheproductssay'buymebuyme”.1.Vicary'scuriositywasarousedbythefactthat（

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2.Accordingtothearticle,eye-blinkrateisanindicationof（

）.3.Mr.Vicary’stest（

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4.Afterhistests,Mr.Vicaryconcludedthat（

）.

5.Thearticleimpliedbutnotstated（

）.问题1选项A.therewasadecreaseinsalesinsupermarketsB.womenwereshowingstrongresistancetoproductsinsupermarketsC.thereseemedtobenologicinwomen’sbuyinghabitsD.womenwereshoppingverycarefully问题2选项A.thetruthorfalsityofastatementB.thementalabilityofapersonC.bloodpressureD.theemotionalstateofaperson问题3选项A.provedhisoriginalhypothesistobetrueB.provedthatthetensionofawomanshopper,afterenteringstore,decreasedratherthanincreasedC.nullifiedtheeye-blinkrateasameasurementoftensionD.showedthatawoman’sreactiontotheproductsinasupermarketisimpossibletodetermine.问题4选项A.shoppingwasapttocreateseriousnervousdisordersB.asupermarketisfantasticplaceC.womenareentrancedbythemanywonderfulitemsavailableinsupermarketsD.womendevelopaninferioritycomplexwheninsupermarkets问题5选项A.QuickpurchasesaretheresultofinnertensionB.ThefirststageofhypnosisisalighttranceC.ResearchconductedbymotivationanalysiscandisprovetheiroriginalpremisesD.Supermarketsseekingafairylandatmosphereshouldinstallhiddenmoviecameras11.单选题Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshasalonghistoryandiscloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescribes,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,includingthedevelopmentofscientificdrugtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople’snutritionalstandardshavearisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendsaretwowhichhaveanadverseeffect.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceuticalindustry,whichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessivesmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,thatitwillproduce-bysuggestion-averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime.Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds.Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson’shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.1.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto（

）.2.Advertisementsareaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintsbecause（

）.

3.Paragraphs2and3explain（

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4.InParagraph4theauthorillustrates（

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5.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe（

）.问题1选项A.suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistoryB.distinguishbetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medicationC.praisedoctorsfortheirexpertiseD.tellthesymptomsfromthecauses问题2选项A.theyoftenwatchadsonTVB.theyaremorelikelytobuythedrugsadvertisedC.theygenerallyleadasedentarylifeD.theydon’ttaketosportsandeasilycatchcolds问题3选项A.thatgoodthingsarenotwithoutsideeffectsB.whycleveradvertisingissopowerfulC.whyinmodemtimesself-medicationisstillpracticedD.whypeopledevelopfaultywaysoflife问题4选项A.thereasonsforkeepingmedicinesathomeB.people’sdoubtabouttakingdrugsC.whyitmaybeworsetotakedrugsbyoneselfD.thepossibleharmsself-medicationmaydotopeople问题5选项A.MedicalPracticeB.CleverAdvertisingC.Self-medicationD.Self-treatment12.单选题Diamondshavelittle（

）valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.问题1选项A.subtleB.eternalC.inherentD.intrinsic13.单选题Anobviouschangeofattitudeatthetoptowardswomen’sstatusinsocietywill（

）throughthecurrentlawsysteminJapan.问题1选项A.permeateB.probeC.violateD.grope14.单选题Idecidedtoquitthejobbecauseitis（

）tolistentoourboss’sconstantcomplaints.问题1选项A.delightfulB.sensationalC.preventiveD.irksome15.单选题