2023年考研考博考博英语辽宁大学考试高频考点参考题库答案

2023年考研考博考博英语辽宁大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题HeclaimedthathewouldcompileanEnglishmasterpieceifhecouldfinda(n)______todealwiththelessessentialparts.问题1选项A.accompliceB.collaboratorC.confederateD.cobber2.单选题Yourexcusethatanelephantfellonyouandmadeyoulateisjust（

）.问题1选项A.inevitableB.incredibleC.indispensableD.incurable3.单选题Toiletwaters,colognes（科隆水）andperfumesallhavepleasingaromas（香味）.Whenpurchasingthematastore,however,youwillfindthateachofthethreehasadifferentpricerange.Theiraromasarecreatedbyperfumeoils.Thesecanbeverycostly.Toiletwater,whichistheleastexpensive,containsabouttwopercentperfumeoil.Cologne,whichisslightlymoreexpensive,hasthreetofivepercentperfumeoil.Perfume,containingfromtentotwentypercentperfumeoil,isthemostexpensive.Perfumeoils,alsocalled"essentialoils",providethespecialodorsofperfumes.Theseoilscomefromtheflowers,leaves,stems,roots,andseedsofplants.Oneofthemostdesirableessentialoilscomesfromthejasmine.Attarisoneofthemostexpensiveoils.Itisobtainedfromauniquerose.ThisspecialflowergrowsonlyinBulgariaandTurkey.Anotheringredientofperfumeiscalledafixative——asubstancethatmakesthearomaoftheessentialoilslong-lasting.Thebestfixativesarequiteexpensive.Thisisbecausetheycanbeobtainedonlyfromcertainanimals.MuskcomesfromthescentglandofthemuskdeerthatlivesinAsia.Castorcomesfrombeavers,andcivetistakenfromcivetcats.Ambergris,therarestoffixatives,isasubstancesometimesfoundinspermwhales.Thelasttwoingredientsinperfumes,however,arenotcostly.Almostallperfumescontainsyntheticsubstancesthatareobtainedfromcoaltarorchemicals.Allperfumesalsocontainalcohol,inwhichtheotheringredientsaredissolved.Thegreatertheamountofsyntheticmaterialsandalcohol,thecheapertheperfumeistomake.Someperfumes,thereforecanbeveryexpensive,whileotherscancostless.Themoreexpensiveonesareusedforcosmetics:lipsticks,powders,lotions,andofcourse,thefragrantliquiddabbedorsprayedonthebody.Thelessexpensiveonesareusedinindustry.Theyarekeyingredientsinthemakingofpaper,plastics,paint,andrubberproducts,whichotherwisewouldhaveunpleasantodors.1.Toiletwaters,colognesandperfumesaredifferentinpricesbecause（

）.2.Themajoringredientsofperfumesare（

）.

3.Thebestfixativesareveryexpensivebecause（

）.

4.Thefunctionofalcoholinperfumesisto（

）.

5.Peopleuseperfumesinpaper-makinginorderto（

）.问题1选项A.theycontaindifferentpercentageofperfumeoilB.theiraromasarecreatedbyperfumeoilsC.theirperfumeoilsareveryexpensiveD.youbuythematdifferentstores问题2选项A.perfumeoils,essentialoils,jasmine,attarB.oilsfromtheflowers,leaves,stems,rootsandseedsofplantsC.perfumeoils,fixative,syntheticsubstancesandalcoholD.musk,castor,civet,ambergris问题3选项A.animalsareveryexpensiveandrareB.animalsliveindifferentareasC.noteveryanimalcontainsperfumeD.itishardtogetthem问题4选项A.makeotheringredientsmixedwiththeliquidB.makeotheringredientsdisappearC.fadeawayD.makeotheringredientsbecomesolid问题5选项A.reducethecostB.makethepapermoreattractiveC.getridoftheunpleasantsmellsD.softenthepaper4.翻译题清洁的空气对于健康是至关重要的。如果空气中含有杂质，这些杂质就有可能被我们的身体吸收，使人生病。我们需要清洁的空气，但不幸的是，目前普遍存在着空气污染，尤其是在城市里。城市里有许多食品厂、服装厂和制造其他东西的工厂。每天这些工厂把千百万吨的烟灰排放到空气中。工厂产生的东西过一个时期就会损坏，然后就作为垃圾扔掉。我们烧掉许多垃圾，烟灰就增多了。还有工厂生产的汽车，一旦出厂在街上行驶，将会吸进空气，排出有毒气体，并增加空气中的烟尘。世界上没有任何一个地方可以彻底摆脱空气污染，我们必须采取措施来控制空气污染。现在越来越多的人正在认识到清洁空气的重要性。学校开设了关于污染问题的课程。企业开始帮着净化空气，他们安装了特别的设备来清除自己排放的烟雾。科学家和发明家正在努力开发更清洁的汽车和火车引擎。或许，人们在城市里能呼吸新鲜空气的日子终将到来。5.翻译题TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

随着年岁的增长，精力日减，效率渐低，作风渐延：激情有失，理智有增。看来，这样的互易不可能总是得失相当的。但是，一定的年龄总有一定的长处。因此，可以告慰的是，即使你已度过了部分盛年，在未来的经历中，依然会有另一种盛年期的出现。某些重要的盛年期似乎在人生后期才达到顶峰。原始人一旦由于周围的许多令人愉快的情景而第一次开口大笑了，又由于笑对周围所产生的那些明显的愉快的效果，笑就开始具有了人类社会所特有的价值。具有用爽朗的笑声来传播愉快能力的人，开始比他的较为严肃、古板的同事更能享受到社会的优惠，从而使自己处于有利的地位。他成了个“善于交际的人”，在社交方面成了大家所推举的人，受到社会的喜爱。当今的世界，即非丝绸之路的吋代，亦非马可波罗(MarcoPolo)吋代。从上海去东京，只需两个多小时。从中国区地球另一端的美国，也能在日历的同一天到达。昔日遥远的地理距离，被现代科学技术一下缩短到令人难以置信的程度。这是人类文明的共同成果。6.单选题ForthousandsofCanadians,badserviceisneithermake-believenoramusing.Itisanaggravatingandworseningreal-lifephenomenonthatencompassesbehaviorrangingfromindifferenceandrudenesstonakedhostilityandevenphysicalviolence.Acrossthecountry,betterbusinessbureausreportalengtheninglitanyofcomplaintsaboutcontractors,cardealers,repairshops,movingcompanies,airlinesanddepartmentstores.Thereisalmostanadversarialfeelingbetweenbusinessesandconsumers.Expertssaythereareseveralexplanationsforillfeelinginthemarketplace.Oneisthatcustomerservicewasanearlyandinevitablecasualtywhenretailersrespondedtobrutalcompetitionbyreplacingemployeeswithtechnologysuchas1~800numbersandvoicemail.Anotherfactoristhatbusinessgenerallyhasbegunplacingmoreemphasisongettingcustomersthanonkeepingthem.Stillanotheristhatstrident,frustratedandimpatientshoppersvexshopownersandmakethemevenlesshospitable—especiallyatbusiertimesoftheyearlikeChristmas.Onbothsides,simplecourtesyhasgonebytheboard.Andforamultitudeofconsumers,servicewentwithit.TheBetterBusinessBureauatVancouvergets250complaintsaweek,twiceasmanyasfiveyearsago.Thebureauthenhadonecomplaintscounselorandnowhasfour.Peoplecomplainaboutbeinginsulted,havingtheirintelligenceandintegrityquestioned,andbeingthreatened.Onewillhearaboutpeoplebeinghauledalmostbodilyoutthedoorbysomebodysayingthingslike“Idon’thavetoserveyou!”or“thisisprivateproperty,getoutanddon’tcomeback!”Whatcancustomersdo?Ifthebureau’sarbitrationprocessfailstosettleadispute,acustomer’sonlyrecourseistosueinsmallclaimscourt.Butbecauseofthecostsandtimeittakes,relativelyfeweverdo.Thereisalotofsupportforthenotionthatservicehas,inpart,fallenvictimtogenerationalchange.Manyyoungpeopleregardretailing“asjustadead-endjobthatyou’rejustgoingtodotemporarilyonyourwaytoarealjob”.Youngclerksoftenlackbothknowledgeandcivility.Employersarehavingtotrainyoungpeopleinsimplemannersbecausethatisnotbeingdoneathome.Salespeopletoday,especiallytheyoungerones,havegrownupinatelevision-computersocietywherethey’veinteractedlargelywithmachines.Oneofthebiggestcomplaintsfrombusinessesaboutgraduatesisthelackofinterpersonalskills.Whatcustomersreallywantisaccess.Theywanttogetthroughwhentheycall,theydon’twantbusysignals,theydon’twantinteractivesystemstellingthemtopushoneforthisandtwoforthat—theydon’twantvoicemail.Andifcustomersdonotgetwhattheywant,theydefect.Somepeoplegobacktolocalsmallbusinesses:theAsiangreengrocer,aGreekbakerandaGreekfishmonger.Theydon’twearnametags,butonegetstoknowthem,allbyname.46.Atabusinessplaceofbadservice,theworstonecangetis（）.47.Oneofthereasonsforsuchillfeelinginthemarketplaceisthat（）.48.WhathaschangedatVancouverBelerServiceBurcauinthepastfiveyears?（）49.Youngclerksoftenlackinterpersonalskillschieflybecausethey（）.50.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsbusinessesandbadserviceis（）them.问题1选项A.indifferenceandrudenessB.nakedhostilityandphysicalviolenceC.havingintelligenceandintegrityquestionedD.beinginsultedandthreatened问题2选项A.shoppersareusuallystrident,frustratedandimpatientB.shoppersoftentakebusinessestocourttosettlethemC.businessesusenewtechnologyinsteadofemployeeD.businessesarekeenonkeepingcustomers,notgettingthem问题3选项A.Moreeffective.B.Lessbureaucracy.C.Morebusiness.D.Betterstaff.问题4选项A.areskilledindealingwithmachinesnotpeopleB.arenottrainedinsimplemannersathomeC.fallvictimstogenerationalchangeD.takeretailingtobeatemporaryjob问题5选项A.attackingB.understandingC.regrettingD.warning7.单选题Thedirectionswereso（

）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.ambitiousC.notoriousD.ambiguous8.翻译题Putthefollowing3ChinesesentencesintoEnglishand3EnglishsentencesintoChinese.没有永远的优点，也没有永远的缺点。这篇文章告诉我们，对待优点和缺点应当采取客观的态度。具体地说，盲目地崇拜他人的优点必定会伤害我们的自信，而完全忽略自身缺点则会导致自负。总而言之，两种极端都会使我们失去充分发挥自身优势的机会。因此，我们需要找到合适的方法释放自己的优势，并且把暂吋的缺点转化成优点。数字表明自我雇佣的英国人大多为男性，工作的吋间比全职工作的员工长而且赚得少。事实上，2007至2016期间，自我雇佣者的实际薪水要比受雇佣员工下降得更快。这或许能解释为何英国近几年的生产率提高速度如同蜗牛爬行。对于以音乐为爱好的研究者来说，音乐有助于他们的研究。把他们的头脑从实验的结构严密性以及数据的乏味中解脱出来，使之徜徉在韵律与节奏的世界里会帮助他发挥科学创造性。一位研宄者发现，令人满意的表演持续几天甚至仅几个小吋之后，常给他开展研究的灵感。USmilitaryhasbegundeployingamissiledefensesysteminSouthKorea.TheTHAADsystemisdesignedtoshootdownincomingmissiles.Chinasaysitwilltakeunspecifiedmeasuresagainstit.AndmanyKoreanandChineseareirritatedandtheyhavebeenprotestingagainstSouthKorea'sirresponsibleactionofthisdeployment.Insomecases,alongerresumemightbeinorder.Forexample,graphicdesignersorvisualartistsmightbenefitfromcreatinganillustratedresume,andacademics,researchers,orlong-timeexecutivesmayneedmorethanonepagetocapturethebreadthoftheirexperience.Butingeneral,it'sbesttoavoidoverburdeningbusyrecruiterswitharesumethatdragsonandon.Chinaiscomingupwithfinancialincentivestoencouragecouplestohaveasecondchild,assurveysshowmanyarereluctanttoexpandtheirfamiliesduetoeconomicconstraints.AnofficeroftheNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommissionrevealedthepotentialmoveatasocialwelfareconference."TohaveasecondchildistherightofeachfamilyinChina,butaffordabilityhasbecomeabottleneckthatunderminethedecision,"hesaid.9.单选题Atthefirstglance,aforestappearstobeahaphazardcollectionoftrees,shrubs,vines,andflowers.问题1选项A.randomB.totalC.gradedD.synthetic10.翻译题Vacationsaremorenecessarynowthanbeforebecausetodaytheaveragelifeislesswell-roundedandhasbecomeincreasinglycompartmentalized.Isupposetheideaofvacations,asweconceiveit,mustbeincomprehensibletoprimitivepeoples.Restofsomekindhasofcoursealwaysbeenapartoftherhythmofhumanlife,butearlieragesdidnotfinditnecessarytoorganizeitinthewaythatmodernmanhasdone,holidaysandfeastdaysweresufficient.Withmodernman’sincreasingtensions,withthestultifying(极其单调乏味的)qualityofsomuchofhiswork,thisbreakintheyear’sroutinebecamesteadilymorenecessary.Vacationsbecamemandatoryforthepurposeofrenewalandrepair.AndsoitcameaboutthatintheUnitedStates,themostself-indulgentofnations,themosttenseandcompartmentalized,vacationshavecometotakeapredominantplaceindomesticconversation.11.单选题Theyoungartistcreates（

）.问题1选项A.marbletranslucentsculpturesB.translucentmarblesculpturesC.marblesculpturestranslucentD.translucentsculpturesmarble12.单选题TheRomans（

）alargepartofEuropeandtheMiddleFast.问题1选项A.submittedB.subduedC.oppressedD.predominated13.翻译题世界不会缺少贪婪，且很少有人、公司或国家能例外。企业和国家总是相互竞争，采用不那么合法的手段获取优势。随着全球网络的出现，技术扩散至每个人，贪婪来到了那些可能永远也不会犯罪的人旁边。贪婪在各个层面上都起作用，而大多数信息系统存在的薄弱环节则为企图利用这些弱点的人提供了攫取惊人利润的机会。14.单选题Therats（

）bacterialinfectionsoftheblood.问题1选项A.developB.produceC.stimulateD.induce15.单选题Hehadheardtheverybadnews;butwhenhespoke,he______hisremarkstoafewhintsthatsaleshadslipped.问题1选项A.boundB.polishedC.optimizedD.confined16.单选题Oneofhiseccentricitiesissleepingunderthebedinsteadofinthebed.问题1选项A.pedestriansB.peculiaritiesC.pedagoguesD.punctures17.单选题Thosewhoare______ofallcommonsensewouldbeeasilytakeninbytricksthatarefrequentlyexposedbythewise.问题1选项A.deprivedB.devoidC.strippedD.snatched18.单选题Medievaltravelers'talesoffantasticcreatureswereoftenfascinatingbutnotalways（

）.问题1选项A.credibleB.creditableC.conceivableD.credulous19.单选题Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyreadlovinglettersfromthefamilies.问题1选项A.sentimentalB.affectionateC.intimateD.sensitive20.翻译题人类文化从整体来说，是各国、各民族文化汇聚、交流的产物。现代国际间的文化交流，更是以空前的规模、内容、形式和手段，在直接间接地进行着。交流促进发展。一个国家、一个民族，只要不是由于主观和客观的种种原因而长期处于孤立、闭塞的状态之中，或多或少都可以从交流中得到好处。事实上，在现代国家中，绝对不受外来影响的固有文化是不存在的。一位外国的著名历史学家曾经说过：“任何国家的文明，来自外来影响的产物总是多于本国的发明创造。如果有人要把英国文化中任何受外国影响或来源于外国的东西剔除掉，那么，英国的文化就所剩无几了。”第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项accomplice“同谋者；共犯”，指在犯罪行为中帮助另一个人；B选项collaborator“合作者；协作者；合著者”，指在做好事中帮助另一个人；C选项confederate“同盟国，同盟者；帮凶；美国南部邦联支持者”，常指国家或政府层面的结盟；D选项cobber“伙伴；朋友”，不常用，属于澳洲俚语。句意：他声称，如果他能找到一位______来处理不太重要的部分，他将编写一部英语杰作。此处填“合著者”一词更符合句意，所以B选项正确。2.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。inevitable意为“不可避免的”；incredible意为“不能相信的，难以置信的”；indispensable意为“不可或缺的，必不可少的”；incurable意为“无法治愈的”。由“anelephantfellonyou（一只大象落在你身上）”导致迟到这样的借口，通常会让人觉得这是难以置信的，因此选B。句意：你找的借口说一只大象落在你身上，使你迟到了，这根本是不可信的。3.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Toiletwater,whichistheleastexpensive,containsabouttwopercentperfumeoil.Cologne,whichisslightlymoreexpensive,hasthreetofivepercentperfumeoil.Perfume,containingfromtentotwentypercentperfumeoil,isthemostexpensive.（最便宜的花露水含有百分之二的芳香油。科隆香水稍微贵一点，有百分之三到五的芳香油。香水是最贵的，含有10%到20%的芳香油）可知A选项“它们含有不同百分比的芳香油”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Theiraromasarecreatedbyperfumeoils.（它们的芳香是由芳香油产生的）、第三段中的Anotheringredientofperfumeiscalledafixative（香水的另一种成分叫做固香剂）和第四段中的Almostallperfumescontainsyntheticsubstancesthatareobtainedfromcoaltarorchemicals.Allperfumesalsocontainalcohol（几乎所有的香水都含有从煤焦油或化学物质中提取的合成物质。所有的香水都含有酒精）可知香水的主要主要成分为芳香油（perfumeoils）、固香剂（fixative）、合成物质（syntheticsubstances）和酒精（alcohol），因此选C。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Thisisbecausetheycanbeobtainedonlyfromcertainanimals.（这是因为它们只能从某些动物身上获得）可知C选项“不是所有的动物都有香味”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Allperfumesalsocontainalcohol,inwhichtheotheringredientsaredissolved.（所有的香水都含有酒精，其他成分都会溶解在其中）可知A选项“使其它成分混合其中”。5.推理判断题。Thelessexpensiveonesareusedinindustry.Theyarekeyingredientsinthemakingofpaper,plastics,paint,andrubberproducts,whichotherwisewouldhaveunpleasantodors.（较便宜的香水在工业上使用。它们是制造纸张、塑料、油漆和橡胶制品的关键原料，否则会产生难闻的气味）可知C选项“去除难闻的气味”符合题意。4.【答案】【参考译文】Cleanairisvitaltogoodhealth.Iftheaircontainsimpurities,theymaybeabsorbedbyourbodiesmakeusill.Weneedcleanair,butunfortunately,airpollutionisgenerallypresent,especiallyincities.Therearemanyfoodfactories,garmentfactoriesandfactoriesformakingotherproductsincities.Everydaythesefactoriesdischargemilliontonsofsmokeandsootintotheair.Thingsmadeinfactorieswearoutafterawhileandarethrownawayastrash.Weburnalotoftrash,whichproducesmoresmokeandsoot.Moreover,oncetheautomobilesproducedbyfactoriesareoutonthestreet,theywilltakeinairandreplaceitwithpoisonousgases,whichagainproducemoresmokeandsoot.Noareaintheworldcancompletelyfreeofairpollution.Wemusttakemeasurestocontrolit.Nowmoreandmorepeoplearerealizingtheimportanceofcleanair.Schoolshavetaughtaboutthepollutionproblem.Industriesarebeguntohelpcleanup,byinstallingequipmenttocleanuptheirsmoke.Scientistsandinventorsaremakingeffortstodevelopcleanerautomobilesandtheengineoftrain.Perhapsthedaywhenpeopleareabletobreathefreshairincitieswillcomeatlast.5.【答案】Asweage,wetradestrengthforingenuity,speedforthoroughnessandpassionforreason.Theseexchangesmaynotalwaysseemfair,butateveryage,therearesomeadvantages.Soitisreassuringtonotethatevenifyou’vepassedsomeofyour“primes”,youstillhaveotherprimeyearstoexperienceinthefuture.Itseemsthatsomeprimeperiodwillreachitspeaklaterinourlife.Oncetheprimitivemenburstoutlaughingforthefirsttimebecauseofsomethingpleasantaroundthem,andthenthelaughbringstheobviouslypleasanteffectaround,thelaughhashadvaluethatthehumanbeingsisholding.Thepersonwhopossessestheabilitytospreadhappinessbybrightandclearlaughwillgetmoresocialbenefitsthanhisseriousandstuffycolleagues,whichgetshiminanadvantageousposition.Thushebecomesa“goodmixer”whoiscommendedbyothers,especiallygiftedsocially.TheworldtodayisneithertheeraofSilkRoad,northeageofMarcoPolo.ItjusttakesabouttwohoursfromShanghaitoTokyo.Onthesamedayonthecalendar,youalsocanarriveintheUnitedStatesontheothersideoftheearthfromChina.Thefargeographicdistanceoftheolddayshasbeenshortenedtoanunbelievableextentbymodernscienceandtechnology.It’sthecommonachievementsbroughtaboutbytheprogressofhumancivilization.6.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】46.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题意定位到文章第一段第二句“Itisanaggravatingandworseningreal-lifephenomenonthatencompassesbehaviorrangingfromindifferenceandrudenesstonakedhostilityandevenphysicalviolence.（它是一个正在不断恶化的现实生活中的现象，包括从漠不关心、粗俗无礼到不加掩饰的恶意甚至身体暴力等一系列行为。）”可知，这些劣质服务行为按照严重程度递增排列。A选项“冷漠和粗鲁”；B选项“赤裸裸的敌意和身体暴力”；C选项“智力和正直受到质疑”；D选项“被侮辱和威胁”，其中最恶劣的是不加掩饰的恶意甚至身体暴力，因此B选项正确。47.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题意定位到文章第二段，第二段分析了三个原因。第一个原因是：零售商应对残酷的竞争采用技术取代员工。第二个原因是：商家一般都开始把重点更多放在赢得顾客而不是保持顾客上。第三个原因是：一些吵闹的、失望的没有耐心的购买者经常惹恼店主。A选项“购物者通常是刺耳的、沮丧的和不耐烦的”只是个别现象；B选项“购物者经常把商家告上法庭”文中没有提到；C选项“商家使用技术替代员工”符合题意；D选项“企业热衷于留住顾客，而不是得到他们”与文意不符，因此C选项正确。48.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题意定位到文章第三段的第一句“TheBetterBusinessBureauatVancouvergets250complaintsaweek,twiceasmanyasfiveyearsago.Thebureauthenhadonecomplaintscounselorandnowhasfour.（温哥华商业促进局每周接到250起投诉，是五年前的两倍。该局当时只有一名投诉顾问，现在有四名。）”可知，投诉多了，业务更加繁忙了。A选项“效率更高”；B选项“官僚作风减少”；D选项“更好的职员”文中没有提到，C选项“更多的业务”符合题意，因此C选项正确。49.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题意可定位到文章第四段，第四段提到了服务成了代与代之间变化的受害者并对其进行了阐述。A选项“擅长与机器而非人打交道”与年轻职员人际交流能力差相关，而且是直接原因；B选项“在家没有接受简单的礼仪训练”；C选项“成为代与代之间变化的受害者”；D选项“将零售视为临时的工作”都是年轻人其他方面的表现，因此A选项正确。50.【试题答案】D【试题解析】作者意图题。文中作者主要描述了劣质服务的存在及分析其原因。最后一段作者写到顾客真正想要的是一个接近的机会。如果顾客得不到他们想要的服务，他们就会跑掉。由此可见作者是在呼吁并警告服务行业要善于找出他们的服务问题并进行改善。A选项“攻击的”；B选项“理解的”；C选项“懊悔的”；D选项“警告的”，因此D选项正确。7.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。ingenious意为“精巧的，巧妙的，机敏的”；ambitious意为“有野心的，有雄心的”，一般形容人；notorious意为“臭名昭著的”；ambiguous意为“含糊的，不明确的”。句意：这些指示太不明确了，以致不可能完成任务。8.【答案】Therearenopermanentmeritsordefects.Thisarticletellsusthatweshouldtreatthesemeritsanddefectsobjectively.Specifically,itwouldhurtourself-confidencetoadmireother’smeritsblindly,whilecompletelyignoringourownshortcomingswillleadtoself-esteem.Inshort,wewouldloseouropportunitiestogivefullplaytoouradvantagesbecauseoftheseextremes.Therefore,weneedtofindappropriatewaystoreleaseouradvantagesandturnthetemporarydefectsintodefects.Thefiguresshowthatmostself-employedBritonsaremen.Theself-employedworklongerhoursandearnlessthanthefull-timeemployees.Actually,therealsalaryofself-employedfellfasterthanthatofemployedemployeesbetween2007and2016.ThismayexplainwhyBritonproductivityhasgrownatsnail’spaceinrecentyears.Forresearcherinterestedinmusic,musicishelpfultotheirresearch.Releasingtheirmindsfromthestructuralrigoroftheexperimentandthetediousdata,toroamtheworldfullofrhythmwouldbeusefulforhimtoplayscientificcreativity.Oneresearcherfoundthatasatisfactoryperformanceoftenlastedforafewdaysorevenafterseveralhours,andofteninspiredhimtodoresearch.美国军方已开始在韩国部署导弹防御系统。萨德系统旨在击落来袭导弹。中国将采取一定措施表示反对。许多韩国人和中国人都很愤怒，他们一直在抗议韩国不负责任的部署行动。在某些情况下，可能需要篇幅长的简历达到整齐美观效果。例如，平面设计师或视觉艺术家可能会从制作带插图的简历中获益，而学者、研究人员或资深管理人员可能需要一页以上的页面来展示他们的丰富经验。但总的来说，最好避免给让招聘人员在一份冗长拖沓的简历上花费过多的精力。中国正在考虑鼓励夫妇生育二胎的经济激励措施，因为调查显示，由于经济限制，许多人不愿扩大家庭成员。国家卫生和计划生育委员会一位官员在一次社会福利会议上透露了这一潜在的举措。他说，“在中国，生第二个孩子是每个家庭的权利，但负担能力却成了阻碍这个决定的瓶颈。”9.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。haphazard意为“无秩序的，无计划的”；random“随机的，随意的”；total意为“总计的，全部的，彻底的”；graded意为“分级的”；synthetic意为“合成的”。句意：乍一看，森林似乎是树木、灌木、藤蔓的杂乱无章的组合。10.【答案】【参考译文】休假比以前任何时候都更有必要，因为如今一般人的生活不再像以前那样丰富多彩，相反却变得越来越单调乏味。我想原始人肯定不理解我们现在的休假概念。当然，某种方式的休息，历来是人生节奏的一部分，但人类社会早期认为没有必要像现代人那样安排休假。那时的节日足已满足人们的需要。由于现代人生活越来越紧张，工作要求高，工作量大，因此在一年的日常工作中，休假变得越来越必要。休假已成为调节修整身心的必要手段。因此，在最任性放纵而生活节奏最紧张单调的美国，休假就成了家庭闲谈的主要话题。11.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词序。当名词前有多个形容词做定语时，这些形容词的排序为：限定词（冠词、指示代词、物主代词、数词等）+表示观点的描述性形容词+形状、大小、长短、高低+年龄、新旧+颜色+国籍、地区+物质材料+中心词。translucent（半透明的）指颜色，marble（大理石）指物质材料，sculpture（雕像）是中心词，因此选B。句意：这位年轻的艺术家创造了半透明的大理石雕像。12.【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。submit意为“顺从，服从”；subdue意为“征服”；oppress意为“折磨，压迫”；predominate意为“占优势，占主导地位”。句意：罗马人征服了欧洲大部分地区以及中东地区。13.【答案】【参考译文】Greedisinnoshortsupply,andfewindividuals,business,orcountriesareexempt.Businessandgovernmentsconstantlymaneuveredtogainanadvantageovereachother,relyingonless-than-legaltechniquestogainanedge.WiththeGlobalNetworkinplace,andtheproliferationoftechnologyforeveryone,greedhasfounditswaytopeoplewhomightotherwisenevercommitacrime.Greedoperatesatalllevels,andduetothevulnerabilityofmostinformationsystems,providesopportunitytoexploittheirweaknessforenormousprofits.14.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。develop意为“发展，患(病)，出现(问题)”；produce意为“生产，制造”；stimulate意为“刺激”；induce意为“引诱”。bacterialinfections意为“细菌感染”，时一种病症，主语为“rats（老鼠）”，故只有A选项符合逻辑。句意：老鼠出现了血液细菌感染。15.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项bound“绑；装订；包扎；凝固”；B选项polished“抛光，擦亮；修改，润色；（使）完美，改进”；C选项optimized“优化；持乐观态度；使最优化，使完善”；D选项confined“限制，使局限；禁止离开，关押；卧床分娩”。句意：他听到了这个坏消息，但当他对员工们讲话时，他把自己的话______在一些暗示销售下滑的迹象上。此处填“限制”一词最符合句意，所以D选项正确。16.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。eccentricity意为“古怪行为，怪癖”；pedestrian意为“行人，步行者”；peculiarity意为“怪异的性质(或习惯)，怪癖”；pedagogue意为“教师，好为人师的人”；puncture意为“小孔，扎孔”。句意：他的怪癖之一是睡在床下而不是床上。17.【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项deprived“贫困的，穷苦的，严重匮乏的；（人）丧失的，被剥夺的”；B选项devoid“缺乏的；全无的”；C选项stripped“剥去的”；D选项snatched“一把抓起；夺去；抓紧时间做；反败为胜”。根据固定搭配bedevoidof“缺乏；没有……的；毫无……的；没有”可知句意为：那些缺乏常识的人很容易上当，而这些花招往往是由智者揭露的。所以B选项正确。18.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。credible意为“可信的，可靠的”通常指人物、言语、历史、故事等的可信；creditable意为“值得称赞的，带来荣誉的，可信的”，通常指人的行为，表现或工作而言；conceivable意为“可想到的，可想像的”；credulous意为“轻信的，易受骗的”。由句中的but可知前后为转折关系，tale表示“传说，传言”，因此选A。句意：中世纪旅行者关于神奇生物的故事常常引人入胜，但并不总是可信的。19.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。loving意为“爱的，充满爱的”；sentimental意为“伤感的”；affectionate意为“深情的，挚爱的”；intimate意为“亲密的，亲近的”；sensitive意为“敏感的”。句意：所有的海上石油探险家在读家里寄来的充满爱的信件时都兴高采烈。20.【答案】【参考译文】Takenasawhole,humancultureistheproductofthemergingofandexchangebetweenthecultureofallnationsandnationalities.Moderninternationalculturalexchangegoesdirectlyandindirectlywithitsscale,content,formandmethodbeingunheardofbefore.Communicationpromotesdevelopment.Acountry,oranation,ifnotinastateofisolationforalongperiodforreasonseithersubjectiveorobjective,willbenefitfromthisexchangetoagreaterorlessextent.Infact,anintrinsiccultureabsolutelyimmunetoforeigninfluenceisnon-existent.Awell-knownforeignhistorianoncesaid:“Thecivilizationofanycountryismuchmoretheproductofexternalinfluencesthanofnativeinvention.VerylittlewouldremainofEnglishcultureifallitselementswhichhaveaforeignoriginorbearssomeforeigninfluencewereeliminated.”第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题A______judgeweighsalltheevidenceandexcludesallpersonalfeelings.问题1选项A.scrupulousB.restlessC.sarcasticD.resourceful2.单选题Thecampershavetomakedowiththeoldequipment.问题1选项A.dowithoutB.replaceC.managewithD.repair3.单选题Athoroughstudyofbiologyrequires______withthepropertiesoftreesandplants,andthehabitsofbirdsandbeasts.问题1选项A.acquisitionB.acquaintanceC.discriminationD.justification4.单选题TheeasternslopesoftheCatskillMountainsare（precipitous）,butthewesternslopesdeclinemoregradually.问题1选项A.erodedB.snowboundC.heavilyforestedD.extremelysteep5.单选题Successfulpoliticiansaregoodatgiving______answerstoquestionsondifficultissues.问题1选项A.definitiveB.ubiquitousC.ambiguousD.ineffable6.单选题ThefirstcoinstoappearintheWesternworldwereissuedbytheLydiansandtheIonianGreeksintheeighthcenturyB.C.Thesecoins,whichweremadeofelectrum,anaturalcombinationofgoldandsilver,wereirregularinweightandqualityandapparentlyofprivateissue.ThepuregoldandsilvercoinswithrelatedvalueswhichappearedduringthereignofCroesus(560-546B.C)providethefirstundoubtedevidenceofstandardcoinagebystateauthority.Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.Thetrendtowardcompletemathematicalsymmetrydidnot,infact,beginuntilthecoiningpress,inventedbyLeonardodaVinciinthesixteenthcentury,wasgenerallyadoptedinthemiddleoftheseventeenthcentury.Oneshouldnotassume,however,thatonlymachine-madecoinsareprizedfortheirworkmanship.ThesilverdekadrachmfromSyracuse,struckabout413B.C.,isconsideredoneofthefinestGreekcoinsandisworthmorethanathousanddollarstoday.AnartisticmasterpieceofamuchlaterperiodisthesilvertalermintedinRatisbon,southernGermany,in1754.Thevalueofacoinisnotprimarilydeterminedbyitsage,asmanypeopleseemtothink.ManyGreekandRomancoinsthatwereissuedinabundancecanbepurchasedforamoderateprice.Ontheotherhand,aGermancoinmadeofshrapnelduringtheFirstWorldWarisveryrareandvaluable.AmongtheespeciallyrareUnitedStatescoinsarethe1804silverdollar,the1822five-dollargoldpiece,andthe1894silverdime.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayNOTberightaboutthecoinsmadeinLydiaduringthereignofCroesus?2.TheauthorityspecificallymentionsallofthefollowingspecificfeaturesoftheSyracusedekadrachmEXCEPTits（

）.3.TheauthormakesitclearthattheSyracusandekadrachmandtheGermantalermentionedinthepassageare（

）.

4.LeonardodeVinciismentionedinthepassageinconnectionwith（

）.

5.Theauthormakesitclearthatcoinsmadebymachineare（

）.问题1选项A.TheywereissuedbythegovernmentB.TheyweregivenstandardvaluesC.TheywereallofequalpurityD.Theywereallalikeinshape问题2选项A.appearanceB.scarcityC.valueD.age问题3选项A.handmadeWesterncoinsB.worthaboutathousanddollarseachtodayC.madeoutofdifferentmetalsD.notedfortheircraftsmanship问题4选项A.thefirstgovernmentissueofcoinsB.theartisticaspectofcoinmakingC.coinsissuedinthesixteenthcenturyD.theproductionofuniformcoins问题5选项A.usuallyofgreatervaluethanhandmadecoinsB.moreuniforminsizeandshapethanhandmadecoinsC.availableinlargequantitiesthanhandmadecoinsD.generallysuperiorinworkmanshiptohandmadecoins7.单选题Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin（）tohisincome.问题1选项A.comparisonB.proportionC.associationD.calculation8.单选题Itsoonbecomesclearthattheinteriordesigner'smostimportantbasicconcernisthefunctionoftheparticular（

）.问题1选项A.circumstancesB.environmentC.surroundingsD.space9.单选题Thecat’shappyexpressionboretestimonythatithadeatenthe