第三学期课件unit 3 book

Unit

ThreeGender

Differencesgender

(n.)(tittle)the

physical

orsocialconditionof

being

male

or

female

性别（强调社会性别）请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseSometimes

gender

differences

will

result

in

somesocial

problems.有时候性别差异会导致一些社会问题。_G_e_n_d_e_r

_in_e_q_u_al_it_y__

should

not

be

ignored

intoday’ssociety.性别不平等在当今社会是不容忽视的问题。同义词比较sex

(line

20,

Para.

2)n.

the

condition

of

being

either

maleorfemale;the

set

of

all

male

or

femalepeople

性别,男性或女性（强调生理性别）TranslationTranslationIn

the

space

marked

“sex”,

put

an

“M”

for

male

oran

“F”

for

female.请在性别一栏填代表男性的字母”M”或代表女性的字母”F”。male

sexfemale

sex男性女性相关词语相关词语masculine

(line

2,Para.1)adj.

relating

to

or

being

considered

typicalofmen,

incontrasttowomen有阳刚之气的，有男子特点的feminine

(line

3,Para.1)adj.having

qualities

that

are

consideredto

be

typicalofwomen,

especiallybybeinggentle,delicate,andpretty阴柔的，妇女(似)的；娇柔的male

(line

23,

Para.

2)adj.

男性的；雄性的n.

男人；雄性动物female

(line

23,

Para.

2)adj.

女性的；雌性的n.

女子；雌性动物ExerciseExercise请用masculine，feminine,

male

或female

填空。The

girl

is

rather

masculine

in

appearance.Todaydiscrimination

(歧视)against

female

job-seekers

still

exists.As

we

know,

male

animals

are

moreaggressive

under

attack.

Feminine

education

needs

more

social

concern.句型应用句型应用Over

the

past

few

decades,

it

has

been

proveninnumerable

times

that

the

various

types

ofIt

has

been

proven(innumerable

times)

that…,

被（无数次）证明……译

文behavior,

emotions,

and

interests

thatconstitute

being

masculine

and

feminine

arepatterned

by

both

heredity

and

culture.

(Line

1)译

文ExampleExampleNow

it

has

been

proven

that

smoking

can

causemany

diseases.现已证明吸烟可以引起很多疾病。It

has

been

proven

innumerable

times

that

coldsare

not

caused

by

being

subjected

to

very

badweather.已经无数次地证实感冒不是由于受到非常恶劣天气的影响造成的。It

has

been

proven

that

the

universe

isexpanding.宇宙在增大的说法已经被证实了。ExampleExampleHe

patterned

himself

after

a

man

he

admired.他以一个他钦佩的人为自己模仿的榜样。His

femininity

is

patterned

by

his

mother

alwaysdressing

him

like

a

girl

and

his

playing

with

girls

inhis

childhood.他的女子气是小时候他母亲经常把他打扮成小姑娘和他常和小女孩玩耍的结果。pattern

n.模式；方式；图案e.g.

Sentence

patterns

句型；living

patterns生活方式；v.form

the

character,qualities,etc.,

(of

oneself)by

copying

形成……的性格/品质，学……的样Over

the

past

few

decades,

it

has

been

proveninnumerable

times

that

the

various

types

ofbehavior,

emotions,

and

interests

thatconstitute

being

masculine

and

feminine

arepatterned

by

both

heredity

and

culture.

(Line

1)译文译文在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了这样一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既是遗传又是文化熏陶的结果。constitute

(v.)

(Line

2,

Para.

1)1)

combine

toform;

make

up构成TranslationTranslation一般情况下，一年有365天。Generally,

365

days

constitute

one

year.Three

Taiwan

girls,

Selina,Hebe

and

Ella,

constitutepopular

girl

band

“S.H.E”.三个台湾女孩儿，Selina,Hebe和Ella,组成了流行女子演唱组“S.H.E”。2)formallyestablishanorganization,institution,government,etc.设立，建立请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseThe

US

Federal

Reserve

Board

was

constituted

in

1913.美国联邦储备委员会成立于1913年。Chinese

Consumer’

s

Association

i

s

anconosrtigtaunteizdattoiopnrotectthe

legal

rights

of

Chinese

consumers

.中国消费者协会成立的宗旨是保护中国消费者的权益。In

the

process

of

growing

up,

each

child

learnshundreds

of

culturally

patterned

details

ofbehavior

that

e

incorporated

into

its

genderidentity.

(Line

3)译

文译

文句型应用句型应用in

the

process

of

在……的过程中ExampleExampleIn

the

process

of

adapting

to

a

stranger’s

habits,undergraduate

students

can

learn

how

to

change

tosuit

new

conditions.在适应陌生人习惯的过程中，在校大学生可以学会如何应变去适应新情况。Is

the

destruction

of

surroundings

really

unavoidablein

the

process

of

city

building

and

developing?在城市建设和开发的过程中，对周围环境的破坏真的不可避免吗？be/ e

incorporated

into

合并成ExampleExampleThey

incorporated

her

suggestions

into

theirnew

plan.他们已经把她的建议纳入他们的新计划中。The

small

firm

has

been

incorporated

into

a

bigcompany.这个小商行已经并入了一家大公司。In

the

process

of

growing

up,

each

child

learnshundreds

of

culturally

patterned

details

ofbehavior

that

e

incorporated

into

its

genderidentity.

(Line

3)译文译文在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了各种行为举止，数量之多数以百计，这一切都带有文化的烙印，成为他们性别特征的一部分。bias

(Line

13,

Para.2)n.

a

prejudice

or

preference

thatinterferes

with

a

fair

judgment偏见，成见TranslationTranslationThey

complained

of

bias

in

the

way

the

newspaperreported

the

incident.他们抱怨那份报纸报道那个事件的方式存在偏见。在评价那位员工的时候不可以存在偏见。That

employee

should

be

evaluated

without

anybias.相关词语biased

(line

21,

Para.

2)adj.preferring

one

person,

thing,

or

idea

toanother

in

a

way

that

is

unfair偏袒一方的，有偏见的请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseIn

the

United

States,

almost

all

the

news

media

are

biased

towards

one

political

party

or

the

other

.在美国，几乎所有的媒体在立场上都会偏向某一个政党。

The

judge

was

biased

in

favor

of

the

third

candidate

who

was

his

neighbor’s

son.那位评委支持三号候选人，他肯定是有偏见的。因为该候选人是他邻居的儿子。impact(Line

24,

Para.

2)n.

1)(+on)

anesp.strong

orpowerful

influence

or

effectcaused

or

produced

by

an

idea,invention,

event,

etc.影响,效果(常与介词on连用)常用结构：have/make

an

impact

on

…对……产生影响请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExercise电脑和手机对现代生活的影响是巨大的。Computer

and

mobile

phone

have

had/made

a

great

impact

on

modern

life

.Yang

Yang’s

gold

medals

in

the

2002

OlympicWinter

Games

have

a

profound

impact

on

the

Chinese

sports

.大杨扬在2002年冬奥会上获得的金牌对于中国体育的影响是深远的。2)the

forceofoneobjecthittinganother碰撞,冲击TranslationTranslationThe

impact

caused

serious

damage

to

the

surfaceof

the

machine.撞击给机器的表面造成了严重的损伤。Titanic’s

fatal

impact

(致命的)into

the

icebergshould

have

been

avoided.泰坦尼克号撞击冰山的致命事故本来是可以避免的。participant

(n.)(Line

25,Para.

2)a

person

whotakes

partor

hasasharein

anactivity

orevent参与者,共享者TranslationTranslationAll

participants

in

the

match

are

said

to

comefrom

African

countries.这次比赛的参赛者据说都来自非洲国家。He

is

also

one

of

the

participants

in

the

ingEnglish

speaking

competition.他也是即将到来的英语演讲比赛的参与者之一。动词形式：participatev.(+in)rather

formal:to

take

part

or

have

asharein

an

activity

orevent(与in连用)参与,参加,分享,分担请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseIt

is

reported

that

astronauts

Fei

Junlong

and

NieHaisheng

will

participate

in

the

opening

ceremony

.据报道说航天员费俊龙和聂海胜将参加开幕式。Lots

of

students

of

our

school

are

willing

to

participate

in

the

blood

donation.我们学校的很多学生都自愿参加献血活动。名词形式：participation

(line29,

Para.

2)n.

the

act

or

process

of

taking

part

in

anactivity

or

event参与，参加subordination

(n.)(Line30,Para.2)inferiority;

an

inferior

orsecondary

status从属，次要地位TranslationTranslationWe

should

learn

from

his

subordination

of

hisown

wishes

to

the

children’s

welfare.我们应该学习他总将自己的意愿服从于孩子们的幸福的做法。Male

domination

and

female

subordination,

to

somedegree,

still

exist

in

many

aspects

of

social

lives.从某种程度上说，男尊女卑仍旧存在于社会生活的很多方面。相关词语相关词语subordinatev.(+to)

（常与to连用）使居次要地位；隶属

adj.(+to)

（常与to连用）次要的,从属的,下级的n.

下属，下级前缀sub-用法小结：sub-表示“副；分支；下级”例如：subworker副手,subeditor副编辑,mittee

小组委员会,subagent副代理人unknowingly(adv.)

(Line33,

Para.

3)

in

a

way

of

not

realizing

what

oneisdoing

or

what

is

happening不知不觉地TranslationTranslationA

great

number

of

children

are

unknowinglying

the

victims

of

online

games.很多孩子在不知不觉中成了网络游戏的牺牲品。She

has

been

unknowingly

interested

in

appreciatingBeijing

Opera.在不知不觉中她喜欢上了京剧。unknowingly的构成：

know→knowing→unknowing→unknowinglyassign

(Line

34,

Para.

3)v.

1)

give

someone

a

particular

jobormake

them

responsible

foraparticular

person

or

thing分配，分派，指派（任务）请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExercise分派给她的工作是照顾无家可归的孩子。She

has

been

assigned

the

job

of

looking

after

thehomeless

children.After

completing

the

task

successfully,

his

brother

was

assigned

another

challenging

job.在成功地完成了那项任务之后，他的哥哥被分派了另外一项有挑战性的工作。TranslationTranslation你能告诉我今天的英语课后作业吗？Could

you

tell

me

today’s

English

assignment?他的任务是跟踪那个陌生人。His

assignment

was

to

follow

that

stranger.名词形式：assignmentaduty

or

piece

of

workthat

is

given

to

aparticular

person(分派的)任务,指定的(课外)作业accordance

(n.)(Line

35,

Para.

3)in

accordance

with:

in

a

way

thatfulfills

oragrees

with常用固定搭配为in

accordance

with…与一致,按照，依据请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseHe

has

already

cancelled

the

meeting

in

accordance

with

his

superior’s

orders

.根据他的上司的命令，他已经取消了那次会面。

In

accordance

with

viewers’

wishes

,

the

sportschannel

of

CCTV

interviewed

famous

figureskaters

Shen

Xue

and

Zhao

Hongbo.按照观众的愿望，中央电视台体育频道专访了著名花样滑冰运动员申雪和赵宏博。TranslationTranslationThe

decisions

of

the

governments

should

accordwith

the

fundamental

interests

of

the

people.政府的决策应该符合人民的基本利益。他所说的并不符合事实。What

he

said

does

not

accord

with

what

actuallyhappened.相关单词：accordvi.fml

(+with)

to

be

the

same

(as);

agree符合，与……一致（常与with连用）Stereotype1.

nouna

fixed

idea

or

image

that

many

people

have

of

a

particulartype

of

person

or

thing,but

which

is

often

not

true

inreality

模式化观念（或形象）；老一套；刻板印象cultural/gender/racial

stereotypes有关文化的/性别的/种族的旧框框He

doesn't

conform

to

the

usual

stereotype

of

thebusinessman

with

a

dark

suit

and

briefcase.他不同于人们一般印象中穿黑色西装、提公文包的商人形象。Many

men

feel

their

body

shape

doesn't

live

up

to

thestereotype

of

the

ideal

man.

很多男人都觉得自己的体形不符合人们心目中惯有的理想男性形象。•2.)

verb~

sb (as

sth

) to

form

a

fixed

idea

abouta

personorthing

which

may

not

really

be

true

对…形成模式化（或类型化）的看法Children

from

certain

backgrounds

tend

to

bestereotyped

by

their

teachers.教师往往模式化地根据学生的某些背景把他们归为某一类学生。Why

are

professorsstereotyped

as

absent-minded?为什么在人们心目中教授就一定健忘呢？•deprive

(vt.)

(Line

39,

Para.3)固定短语：deprive

sb.ofsth.v.to

take

away

from;prevent

fromusingor

having

剥夺,使丧失请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseThat

law

will

deprive

them

of

their

most

basic

rights

.那部法律将剥夺他们的最基本的权利。Due

to

taking

excitant

,

that

athlete

has

already

been

deprived

of

the

right

to

take

part

in

the

Olympic

Games.由于服用兴奋剂，那个运动员已经丧失了参加奥运会的资格。deprivationn.the

act

of

depriving

or

state

of

being

deprived剥夺，丧失Instead

of

being

encouraged

to

developintellectual

curiosity

and

physical

skills

that

areuseful

in

dealing

with

the

outside

world,

as

boysare,

girls

are

filled

with

fears

of

the

worldoutsidethe

home

and

with

the

desire

to

be

approved

offor

their

“goodness”

and

obedience

to

rules.(Line

54)译

文译

文句子分析句子分析①girls

are

filled

with… and

with…是全句的主句②instead

of

being

encouraged

的主语是girls③that

are

useful

in

dealing

with

the

outsideworld

是定语从句，修饰intellectualcuriosity

and

physical

skills句子分析句子分析④

be

filled

with有两个宾语，一个是

fears

ofthe

world

outside

the

home,另一个是

desireto

be

approved

of

for

their

“goodness”

andobedience

to

rules⑤be

approved

of

sth.赞成，欣赏，变成被动语态时不能省略ofapprove

v.赞成，赞同；批准，通过ExampleExampleThis

proposal

was

approved

of

by

Mr.

Foster

at

themeeting.这个建议在会议上得到了福斯特先生的赞同．After

months

of

indecision,

the

mayor’s

office

hasfinally

approved

the

plans

for

a

new

hospital.数月的迟疑不定后，市长办公室最终批准了建新医院的计划。obedienceto

sb.(sth.)(名词短语)服从，遵从某人（某事）ExampleExampleHe

demanded

obedience

from

his

inferiors.他要求下级服从他。The

slaves

gave/showed

passive

obedience

totheir

master.奴隶们不得不服从他们的主人。Children

are

obedient

to

a

strong

father,

butnaughty

with

a

domestic

mother.孩子们对于强壮的父亲很顺从，却在操持家务的母亲面前很调皮。译文译文女孩们不像男孩那样受到鼓励去发展求知欲和身体技能，尽管这些正是与外部世界打交道时有用的；女孩们被灌输的是对自己家外面的世界的恐惧和因优良品格和服从精神得到赞同的欲望。Instead

of

being

encouraged

to

developintellectual

curiosity

and

physical

skills

that

areuseful

in

dealing

with

the

outside

world,

as

boysare,

girls

are

filled

with

fears

of

the

worldoutsidethe

home

and

with

the

desire

to

be

approved

offor

their

“goodness”

and

obedience

to

rules.(Line

54)难句分析难句分析，句中“where…ororiginal”是非限制性定语从句修饰前面主句中的名词“classroom”。其中“to

bemore…more..,

and

more…original”是并列的主语补足语，说明人们看到的女孩的情况。译

文These

lessonscarry

over

fromthe

home

totheclassroom,

where

girls

are

generally

observed

to

bemore

dependent

on

the

teacher,

more

concernedwith

the

form

and

neatness

of

their

work

than

withits

content,

and

more

anxious

about

being

“right”in

their

answers

than

in

being

intellectuallyindependent,

analytical,

or

original.

(Line58)译

文句型

more（adj.）…than

用于比较两个事物，比……更加（……）ExampleExampleIt

is

always

more

important

to

know

how

to

studyby

oneself

than

to

remember

some

facts

or

aformula.知道如何学习比只记住一些事实或一个公式总是要重要得多。I

think

that

taking

a

job

for

a

year

or

two

is

morebe